PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

IS IT A STEM, LEAF, ROOT, FLOWER, FRUIT OR SEED?

FoodFood Part of PlantPart of Plant

BroccoliBroccoli

CabbageCabbage

Carrot Carrot

Celery StalkCelery Stalk

Corn KernelCorn Kernel

GarlicGarlic

OnionOnion

PotatoPotato

TomatoTomato

ZucchiniZucchini

IS IT A STEM, LEAF, ROOT, FLOWER, FRUIT OR SEED?

FoodFood Part of PlantPart of Plant

BroccoliBroccoli FlowerFlower

CabbageCabbage FlowerFlower

Carrot Carrot RootRoot

Celery StalkCelery Stalk StemStem

Corn KernelCorn Kernel SeedSeed

GarlicGarlic RootRoot

OnionOnion RootRoot

PotatoPotato RootRoot

TomatoTomato FruitFruit

ZucchiniZucchini FruitFruit

PLANT BODY

Shoot system = leaves + stem

Root system

THREE TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES

Vascular TissueTransportSupport

Ground TissueSynthesis of SugarsStorageSupport

Dermal TissueProtection

PLANT BODY

Functions

Exposes surface to sunlightMajor site of photosynthesisConserves waterProvides for gas exchange

BladeBlade

PetiolePetiole

Leaf = blade + petioleLeaf = blade + petiole

Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

STRUCTURES OF THE LEAF

Photosynthesis

Conserves water

Transports water and sugar to stem

and roots

PLANT BODYStem: series of nodes and

internodesFunctions

Holds leaves up to light

Transports substances through vascular tissue

Xylem conducts waterXylem conducts waterand minerals and minerals

Phloem transportsPhloem transports sugar sugar

PLANT BODYRoot

Functions Anchors plant

in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTIONFlowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction. Pollen

grains

Ovule

Flower

Meiosis

Mitosis

Mitosis

Angiosperms are seed bearing & fruit producing or flowering plants.

FlowersCome in many different shapes, sizes and colors, but they all have the same functions:

help plants reproduce.

where seeds are made.

Flowers are the sexual reproductive organs of plants.

All flowers, regardless of variety, have the function of seed formation and the production of more plants.

Flowers contain both non-reproductive and reproductive structures.

THE PARTS OF A FLOWER

Most flowers have four parts:

sepals,

petals,

stamens,

carpels.

THE PARTS OF A FLOWER

Sepals protect the bud until it opens.Petals attract insects.Stamens make pollen.Carpels grow into fruits which contain the seeds.

AntherThis is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen. It is usually on top of a long stalk that looks like a fine hair. When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open.

Male Parts

Draw and label this sketch in your notes.

FilamentThis is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of. The part of a stamen that supports the anther of a flower (the stalk of the stamen).

Male Parts

Draw and label this sketch in your notes.

StamenThis is the male part of the flower. It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant. The number of stamen is usually the same as the number of petals.

Male Parts

Draw and label this sketch in your notes.

Female Parts

StigmaThe sticky surface at the top of the pistil. It traps and holds the pollen and starts the fertilization process.

Female Parts

StyleThe tube-like structure that holds up the stigma.

Female PartsOvaryThe part of a plant, usually at the base of the flower, that has the seeds inside and turns into the fruit that we eat.

Ovule The

structure in a flower that develops into a seed when fertilized.(eggs)

Female Parts

Carpel/PistilThe carpel is the female reproductive organ of a flower. It makes the seeds. It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. There may be more than one carpel in a flower.

Female Parts

Pollen - powdery grains that contain the male reproductive cells of most plants. Pollen is produced by the anthers.

POLLINATION

Flowering plants use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen.

When pollination occurs, pollen moves from the male parts to the female parts. Pollen grains land on the stigma and a tiny tube grows from it and down the style into the ovary.

The fertilized ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit.

Pollen is the powdery grains that contain male reproductive cells of most plants produced by anther. Flowering plants use the wind , insects bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen, When pollination occurs, pollen moves from the male parts to the female parts

. Pollen grains land on the stigma and a tiny tube grows from it and down the style into the ovary.

The fertilized ovule becomes the seed and the ovary become the fruit.

Pollen grains land on the stigma and a tiny tube grows from it and down the style into the ovary. The fertilized ovule becomes the seed and the ovary become the fruit.

A COMPLETE FLOWER HAS BOTH MALE AND FEMALE PARTS

SepalSepal

PetalPetal

OvaryOvary

StyleStyle

StigmaStigma

Pist

ilPi

stil

Pist

ilPi

stil

AntherAntherFilamentFilament

Stam

enSt

amen

Stam

enSt

amen

Encloses and Protects Bud

Attracts pollinator

Male part

Female part Produces egg

Produces pollen

Mature PollenMature PollenGrainGrain

POLLINATION ANDFERTILIZATION IN A FLOWER

Tube Cell NucleusTube Cell NucleusSperm CellsSperm Cells

1.1. pollen grainspollen grainsland on stigmaland on stigma

StigmaStigma

StyleStyle

OvaryOvary

2.2. pollen tubes growpollen tubes growdown stigma to ovarydown stigma to ovary

SpermSperm

EggEgg

3A: Fusion of3A: Fusion ofsperm + eggsperm + egg

3B: Fusion of 23B: Fusion of 2ndnd

sperm + twosperm + twopolar nucleipolar nuclei

3.3. doubledoublefertilizatiofertilizationn

Polar nucleiPolar nuclei

OvuleOvule

DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT AND SEEDSFROM FLOWER PARTS

TriploidTriploidEndospermEndosperm

CellCell

TriploidTriploidEndospermEndosperm

CellCell

OvaryOvaryOvaryOvaryIntegumentIntegumentIntegumentIntegument

DiploidDiploidZygoteZygoteDiploidDiploidZygoteZygote

EndospermEndospermEndospermEndosperm

FreshFreshFruitFruitFreshFreshFruitFruit

SeedSeedCoatCoatSeedSeedCoatCoatEmbryoEmbryo

(new (new plant)plant)

EmbryoEmbryo(new (new plant)plant)

Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coatFruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal

Provides nutrition