plant water use and “behaviour”
DESCRIPTION
Plant Water Use and “Behaviour”. INTERNATIONAL. Michael Forster PhD (UNSW) Plant and Soil Scientist. Tree Water Use. Total Tree Water Use Hydraulic Redistribution Soil Stem Leaf Water Potential Gradients. Definition. Water Potential: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Plant Water Useand “Behaviour”
INTERNATIONAL
Michael Forster PhD (UNSW)
Plant and Soil Scientist
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Tree Water Use• Total Tree Water Use
• Hydraulic Redistribution
– Soil
– Stem
– Leaf
• Water Potential Gradients
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Definition
• Water Potential:
– Free energy associated with water
– Free energy is the potential to do work
– Water moves from higher to lower potentials
– Water moves from mountains to ocean
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Definition• Water Potential Units of Measurement:
J/kg MPa Bars RH
-1 -0.001 -0.01 0.999993
-10 -0.01 -0.1 0.999926
Field Capacity -33 -0.033 -0.33 0.999756-100 -0.1 -1 0.999261
-1000 -1 -10 0.992638
Wilting Point -1500 -1.5 -15 0.988977-10000 -10 -100 0.928772
Air Dry -100000 -100 -1000 0.477632Oven Dry -1000000 -1000 -10000 0.000618
High Potential
Low Potential
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Soil-Plant-AtmosphereContinuum
Soil = -0.33 Bar
Trunk = -0.8 Bar
Leaf cell = -1.0 Bar
Leaf air = -7.0 Bar
Atmosphere = -100 Bar
High Potential
Low Potential
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Measuring Tree Water Use
• Heat Ratio Method (HRM)
• Heat Field Deformation (HFD)
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Measuring Tree Water Use
7.5 mm
22.5 mm
35 mm
12.5 mm
Inner
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a c
Temperature sensors
Downstream temperature probe
Upstream temperature
probe
Heater probe x
x
Bark + cambium
Sapwood Heartwood Centre of stem
Sapflow
db
HRM Technique
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HeartwoodSapwood
HRM Technique
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Example HRM Data
Time
Sap
Vel
ocity
(cm
per
hou
r)
Data downloaded intoSap Flow Tool software:
www.sapflowtool.com
For analysis and visual presentation
Warm weather
Nocturnal Sap Flow
Cool Weather
Diurnal Sap Flow
Rain event
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Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
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Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
Root Sap Flow
Black Line: Northern
Grey Line: Southern
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
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Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
Stem Sap Flow
Black Line: Northern
Grey Line: Southern
Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
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Image from Nadezhdina et al. 2009
Case Study: Stem Hydraulic Redistribution
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More Case Studies: Hydraulic RedistributionPlease refer to Conference Proceedings
Leaf Mediated Hydraulic Redistribution
Root Mediated Hydraulic Redistribution
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Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
• Antamina Mine
• Largest mine in Peru
• US$ 2.26bn investment
• Copper & Zinc
• Located 4,300m a.s.l.
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• Copper & Zinc transported via gravity and
water to sea port
• Filters separate solids from water
• What to do with all the water???
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
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• 174 acre afforestation
• 190,000 trees
• Several species
• Trees as Biopumps
• Mine production dependent
on Biopumps
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
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Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
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• Results from 6 months of
sampling
• Acacia: 3,200 litres
• Tamarix: 1,500 litres
• Algorrobo: 600 litres
Total Tree Water Use Case Study: Trees as “Biopumps”
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More Case Studies: Total Tree Water UsePlease refer to Conference ProceedingsNorthern United Forestry Group:Kamarooka Project
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