plasma and electro- energetic physics · plasma and electro-energetic physics. 5a. contract number...

1 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution 14 February 2013

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John W. Luginsland Program Officer

AFOSR/RTB Air Force Research Laboratory

Plasma and Electro-energetic Physics

Date: 05 March 2013

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2 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A – Unclassified, Unlimited Distribution

Plasma and Electro-Energetic Physics

NAME: John Luginsland , Plasma and Electro-energetic Physics BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO: Explore scientific opportunities in plasmas and electro-energetic physics where energy-dense objects powered by electromagnetic energy can provide new vistas in high-power electronics, plasma-enabled chemistry, and fluid/turbulence dynamics arenas Sub-area: High Power Microwave (HPM) sources, non-equilibrium plasmas, and pulsed power

AFOSR AFOSR

AFOSR


“What’s past is prologue…”

2008 Spring Review BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO: To advance the state-of-the-art in high power electronics for USAF applications in DEW, radar, EW, and communications. Sub-area: • HPM sources • Pulsed power • Cold plasma


Plasma and Electro-energetic Physics

5 mm

NEP

HPM/DE

PP Often far from equilibrium


High Power Microwaves

• HPM and vacuum electronics has demonstrated Pf2 (energy density) doubling every 26 month since 1930

– MW-GW, ~30-40% efficient, 0.1-1 µs

• Emission physics fundamental physics for input power (Joint RD/RX/EOARD/AFOSR)

10-100µm diameter

Substructure of nanotube super-ropes with 200-600nm diameter ~70-90% of the theoretical close-packing density for 1.0nm nanotubes

RD

RX/Rice


Recirculating Magnetron (U-Michigan and AFRL/RD)

Conventional 12 vane magnetron

Anode

Cathode

Conventional-polarity 20-vane RPM

Anode Cathode

• Larger cathode surface area provides higher

current

• Larger anode area allows for faster heat dissipation

• RPM allows for nearly full electron beam recirculation

• Planar cavities are decoupled from the anode-

cathode and spacing

• Magnetic field volume (V) scales linearly with # cavities (N) instead of (N2) as with cylindrical magnetron


Phase Control

Phase locked for µs


Amplifiers vs Oscillators A Grand Challenge

80kW (10kW ave)

Haystack/Warloc Fundamental challenge in mating high power (nonlinearity) and amplification (linearity)

electron beam RF in

RF out

30dB gain at 300W (200MHz BW) MIT


High Power MM for Transformation Optics

\.J ••• •

(

I .1'

.r-

~1200~

l1 ~1 000~ SOD ~

IJ) _, 600 .!!!

.!!! :::>

- Gradient ro § - Ac:cunulated Elfealtdowns ,200 <

100 1 SD 200 250 300 350

Pr~~$~if>!l r~ (1\r)

FY'12 MURI Transformational Electromagnetics

U N IVERSITY of A CALIFORN IA MTMs design LSU

IRVINE ~A STATE UNIVERSITY

UNM I r.lectrical & Computer Fngineering

High Power VEDs, MTMs, plasma diagnostics

Collaboration with UT-Austin (G. Shvets group)

MTMs design and characterization,

antennas

I . U .l."iio8il'"'-1.:3"'l'111oaJ: l.:!el'lll.al: I U.,.,.,o'OQ.:! I Hl7oo$12 U~Ml!co4Q!

~.seti31o0Q:

J.~ ... : lT-2 .!. ~.:DI•OU

J. r.ze& .. : ..!. ~toe..-:

_, 'l!lt')!I ... Z l Eo!""'o$1Z ..5.2~91:--:

J. :l£12co.Ga: .!.~oGII:

17


Non-Equilibrium Air Plasma

Light from 3 µs discharge

MIT for CHPM effort/Energy Transfer BRI

Trot=450K~Tg

Tvib=5000K


Novel Plasma Chemistry \.J ••• • EDF f(E

a( E)

~

Transient Plasma, Higher energy, nonthermal electrons. No significant change in

gas temperature

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N M ~ ~ ~ ~ 00 m ~ ~ N M ~ ~

EDF f(E)

Electron Energy (eV)

a( E)

Equilibrated Plasma, Electron and gas temperature are both less than a few eV

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ N M ~ ~ ~ ~ 00 m 0 ~ N M ~ ~

~ ~

Electron Energy (eV)

AI,O,

- I AI

~ .......... ; .....

'!

...... ...&. ...... ../l

v


Non-Equilibrium Plasma in Space

NRL Space Chamber

AFRL/RY Theory on LH and IAW


Strongly Coupled Plasma (Γ = 99 = PE/KE)

Voss Sci/OSU

Ultracold, neutral plasma


Strongly Coupled Plasma

Zi = 25 mi = 56mp ne=1024 cm-3

T=Ti = Te Wigner-Seitz radius: a = (3/4πni)1/3

Coupling Parameter: Γ=Z2e2/akT

Plasma typically defined by kinetic energy > ionization energy Strongly coupled plasma occurs when PE > KE

BRI with T. Curcic + STTR Transition

Voss Sci/OSU


Sample PIC simulation using the density decomposition scheme including a non-local three-body recombination event.

Atomic processes in PIC Voss Sci/OSU

\.J ••• •

- • • I . a. i-" • • .. ... """'~ . ' ~~ • 411 II

I I '

nteract1on Sphere lon

\ - Position-+--------1 \ -~' "' - [Fixe~) I

I f ~K \

~ 0+---~-----~~~~ } ~'--/--~----~--~

.• - r-.., .. " ... Ill \ I/ v I 1• t. ef' - .. .. Electron / ~' ~

~ •• ..... ......, - Orbit~. , -5~~~-~~~~~~-+-~~~~~ ' .~

·~ : ~ .. • • ~·· . ..... ~-....... 'Ill -1 +-----+-----'-.... __.~--,_"'_.__:"''""=-· •-..,,,,._.=~·~=-.. t+--------1

+-~~·~~·+·~~~~~·-+~~~~~·~~~~ Electron , • • .... • .. I"' ..

_10 +-,~~~+~-~· ~·~+-~~~·~·~r+~~~··~· ~----+---------4--(3_r_d_B_o_d_y)_O_~~rb_it __ ~ -1 0 -5 0 5 10 -1 0 1

X X


Energy Evolution (40 time step duration)

Voss Sci/OSU

\.J ••• •

a) o.e

0.5

0.4

> e> 0.3 (I) c w

0.2

0.1

Total Energy

I Recombination

Event

Field Energy

Particle Energy

0. 0 +--r---r----r---r----r-~----r----..---,.----..---r----~ 0 50 1 00 150 200 250 300

Time

b)

> C) '-Q) c w

0.520

Recombination

0.518 Event I

I I

0.516 I Total Energy

I I I 0.514

I I 1- -t

0.512 40 Steps

0. 51 0 +-----..---r--r--~--r-----,.---r------. 120 140 160

Time

180 200


An Aside: Transformative Computation

Tech-X (treecode for SCP on GPU)

• 3 Recent Basic Research Initiatives (Curcic, Fahroo, JWL, Smith, Stargel) – Ultra-Scale and Fault-Resilient Algorithms: Mathematical Algorithms for Ultra-

Parallel Computing – Transformational Computing via Co-Design of High-Performance Algorithms and

Hardware – Transformational Computing in Aerospace Science and Engineering (Q.

Algorithms for Physics)

Software Spectrum

Hardware Spectrum

Requirements


Pulsed Power Science Challenges

• Fundamental focus on transport of charge and energy through solid-state high-energy materials

• MURI on Magnetic-Energy Conversion with Sayir

• BRI on Metal-Dielectric Interfaces with Sayir

• Engineer materials to provide competing characteristics of – Energy density (ε) – Rapid discharge

capability – Breakdown Dielectric

strength (E)


0.44h

Pulsed Power Successes

S. Heidger, STAR team

b

Zhang, UM


New Initiatives and Resources

Metal-dielectric

Ultracold/ strongly coupled

Energy Transfer

Magnetic Energy

Conversion

Ionosphere/ Heaters

Mat/Proc FarEquil CME

Plasma Chem

HP MM

Rel Optics

Influence of novel

weapons

Collaborations across AFOSR


Resources \.J ••• •

Computation

STTR

BRI

MURI

• LRIR

Core


AFOSR is the leading DOD 6.1 organization for non-equilibrium plasma physics, especially for HPM/vacuum

electronics EM sources

Collaborators/Teammates • Active collaborations with AFRL, ONR, ARL, DTRA, DARPA, NSF, DOE, and Air U • Joint project with DARPA in micro-plasmas • Close interactions with 9 LRIR, 3 MURI, and 11 BRI (fundamental sciences finds a

wide range of collaborations)

fs to hrs; nm to 100s km; solid-state energy/charge transport to plasma to WDM

plasma and electro- energetic physics · plasma and electro-energetic physics. 5a. contract number...

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