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    PhysicalSciences

    PracticeBoo

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    Grade

    10Prac

    ticeBoo

    kExam

    CAPS

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    Grade 10

    PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST ONE

    Marks: 40

    QUESTION 1

    There are four possible options for each answer in the following questions. Each question hasonly ONE correct answer. Choose the correct answer and write only A, B, C or D next to thequestion number.

    1.1 Consider the following statements regarding waves:

    (i) The velocity at which a wave travels along a spring is directly proportional to the

    tension of the spring.(ii) The velocity at which a wave travels along a spring decreases as the mass density

    of the spring increases.

    (iii) The mass density of a spring depends on the length of the string.

    Which of the above statements are CORRECT?

    A (i), (ii) and (iii)

    B (i) and (ii)

    C (i) and (iii)

    D (ii) and (iii) (2)

    1.2 Consider the diagram of a wave with a frequency of 5 Hz.

    The distance XY can be described as:

    A the wavelength

    B the amplitude

    C the period

    D twice the amplitude. (2)

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    1.3 The distance between two consecutive crests in a wave train is 8 cm. If two completewaves pass a point in 1 s, then the velocity of the wave is:

    A 16 cms1

    B 8 cms1

    C 4 cms1

    D 1,25 cms1 (2)

    [6]

    QUESTION 2

    Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the correct word/term nextto the question number.

    2.1 A single disturbance that moves along or through a medium. (1)

    2.2 The rate of change in the distance that an object travels. (1)

    2.3 Materials that can transmit an electric current. (1)

    2.4 The place on a wave where the particle displacement has the maximum positive value. (1)

    2.5 The phenomenon that occurs when superposition results in greater displacement of theparticles in a medium. (1)

    2.6 Electricity that does not move around in a circuit. (1)

    2.7 The capacity to do work. (1)

    2.8 Sound caused by irregular vibrations. (1)

    [8]

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    QUESTION 3

    Two pulses, A and B, are moving at the same speed along a light string. Pulse A is moving tothe right with an amplitude of +7 cm, while pulse B is moving to the left with an amplitude of+3 cm. Pulses A and B meet at position C. Assume that all energy is conserved.

    3.1 Make a labelled sketch to represent these two pulses before they meet at C. Include the

    amplitudes and direction of motion. (4)

    3.2 What type of interference will take place when these two pulses meet? (1)

    3.3 What is the amplitude of the pulse as they meet at point C? (1)

    3.4 How will the amplitude of pulse B change after the interference at point C? Write onlyINCREASE/DECREASE/STAY THE SAME. (1)

    3.5 Make a labelled sketch to represent the resulting pulse(s) after they have crossed eachother. (2)

    [9]

    QUESTION 4

    The diagrams below show three wave sketches. Each block represents 1 unit.

    4.1 Which sketch has the greatest amplitude? (1)

    4.2 Which sketch has the shortest wavelength? (1)

    4.3 Describe how the wavelength would be affected if the period of the wave in A wasdoubled. (1)

    4.4 Which ONE of the following is a transverse wave? Write only the correct answer.

    SOUND WAVE / LIGHT WAVE / ULTRASOUND WAVE (1)

    4.5 Light waves are used in fibre optics to send digital signals all over the world. NameTHREE advantages of the digital signal over the analogue one. (3)

    [7]

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    QUESTION 5

    Standing waves form the basis of music. When a guitar string is plucked the string vibrates toform a standing wave. The diagram below is a sketch of a three-segment standing wave.

    5.1 Describe the boundary conditions at A and E that give rise to the standing wave in thediagram above. (2)

    5.2 Name THREE conditions that are necessary to form standing waves. (3)

    5.3 Choose a letter that indicates a(n):

    a) node (1)

    b) antinode. (1)

    5.4 What does the term antinode refer to? (2)

    5.5 The distance between two consecutive nodes is: (Write only the correct letter.)

    A half a wavelength

    B one wavelength

    C one-and-a-half wavelengths

    D two wavelengths. (1)

    [10]

    [TOTAL: 40 marks]

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    Grade 10

    PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST TWO

    Marks: 65

    QUESTION 1

    1.1 An atom of element X has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23.

    a) What is the definition of atomic number? (1)

    b) How many protons, electrons and neutrons are in this atom? (3)

    c) A different atom of X has an atomic number of 11, but a mass number of 24. Give aname for these two forms of X. (1)

    d) Would these two atoms have similar chemical properties? Give a reason for youranswer. (2)

    Element Y is in the same group as X, but in the period below X.

    e) Give the chemical name for the element Y. (1)

    f) Compare the ionisation energy of these two atoms which would have the largervalue? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

    g) Give the chemical formula of the compound that is formed when element Ycombines with chlorine. (2)

    h) Draw the Lewis structure to show the formation of the bond that has occurred inthis compound. (2)

    1.2 James picks up a brittle black solid that he calls element Z. He notes that it can conductheat and electricity and that it is often used to make fires for cooking or heating. It canalso be found in another form, a clear solid that is very hard. This form of Z is oftenused in fine jewellery. It does not react with acids.

    a) Is element Z a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

    b) Identify element Z. (1)

    c) Explain why element Z can be found as a brittle black solid, and a colourless hardsolid if it is the same element. (3)

    [20]QUESTION 2

    2.1 Consider the reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. It reacts toproduce sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.

    a) What is the common name for sodium chloride? (1)

    b) Balance the chemical equation below:

    Na2CO3(s) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (l)

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    c) State the Law of Conservation of Matter. (2)

    d) Show that the mass is conserved in the reaction. (6)

    2.2 Consider the production of hydrogen chloride. Balance the equation below and fill in themissing volume of gaseous product formed.

    H2(g) + Cl2(g) HCl (g)

    If 8 cm3of H2reacts with an excess of Cl2, ______ cm3of HCl (g) is produced. (2)

    [13]QUESTION 3

    Alice and Zureshni would like to do an experiment to investigate what happens when a chargedobject like a ruler is brought close to a neutral object. They have a small neutral ball wrapped intin foil attached to a piece of string and a Perspex ruler. Alice brings along a silk cloth.

    3.1 Explain the difference between a charged object and a neutral object. (2)

    3.2 Write down a possible investigative question. (2)

    3.3 Write down a possible hypothesis. (2)

    3.4 Name at least ONE variable that must be controlled during this investigation. (1)

    Alice rubs the Perspex ruler with the silk cloth to give it a negative charge.

    3.5 Were electrons added to or removed from the Perspex ruler during this process? (1)

    3.6 Is the ruler an electrical conductor or insulator? Explain your answer. (2)

    Alice then brings the ruler close to the ball without touching it. She notices that the ball isattracted to the ruler.

    3.7 Explain why the ball is attracted to the ruler. What is the name of this process? (3)

    3.8 Draw a sketch showing how the charge is distributed on the surface of the ball. (3)

    3.9 Provide ONE example of where this electrostatic attraction is used in everyday life andan advantage of its use. (2)

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    QUESTION 4

    Consider the circuit below: The bulbs are identical. The resistance of the battery, ammeter andconnecting wires can be ignored.

    4.1 Calculate the voltage of all three cells if they can transfer 90 J of energy to 20 C ofcharge. (4)

    4.2 What would the potential difference of each cell be? (2)

    4.3 A charge of 30 C of charge passes a point in the main circuit in 40 s. Determine thestrength of current passing through the main circuit. (4)

    4.4 Determine the current through each individual light bulb. (2)

    4.5 If one of the light bulbs burns out, how would the brightness of the other two bulbs beaffected? Write only SHINE BRIGHTER/SHINE DIMMER. (2)

    [14]

    [TOTAL: 65 marks]

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    Grade 10

    PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST THREE

    Marks: 45

    SECTION A

    QUESTION 1

    There are four possible options for each answer in the following questions. Each question hasonly ONE correct answer. Choose the correct answer and write only A, B, C or D next to thequestion number.

    1.1 Joseph is leaning on the railing of a tall building. His cellphone drops out of his handsand falls to the ground. Which of the following combinations of velocity and accelerationfor the motion of the cellphone is correct?

    Velocity Acceleration

    A Increases Increases

    B Decreases Increases

    C Increases Remains constant

    D Remains constant Remains constant

    (2)

    1.2 A truck is travelling at a constant velocity along a straight road. As it travels up a steephill it slows down uniformly. Which ONE of the following velocity vs. time graphs bestrepresents the motion of the car?

    A B C D

    (2)

    1.3 Which ONE of the following statements is true of a body that is accelerating at aconstant rate?

    A The rate of change of velocity with time remains constant.

    B The velocity of the body increases by increasing amounts in equal time intervals.

    C The position changes by the same amount in equal time intervals.

    D Th t f h f iti ith ti i t t (2)

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    1.4 In an exothermic reaction, the following occurs:

    A the reacting substances gain chemical energy

    B the surroundings gain thermal energy

    C the products of the reaction have more mass than the reactants

    D the temperature of the reacting mixture decreases. (2)

    1.5 When a chemical change occurs:

    A there is no change in mass, in the number of atoms or in the number of molecules

    B there is no change in mass or the number of atoms, but there is a change in thenumber of molecules

    C there is no change in mass, but the number of molecules and the number of atomschange

    D the mass, number of atoms and number of molecules all change. (2)

    [10]QUESTION 2

    Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the correct word/term nextto the question number.

    2.1 The total amount of mechanical energy in an isolated system remains constant. (1)

    2.2 A wave in which the particles of a medium move at right angles to the direction of wavemotion. (1)

    2.3 An instrument that measures the potential difference across a particular part of a circuit. (1)

    2.4 The speed and direction of an object at a given instant. (1)

    [4]

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    QUESTION 3

    Write balanced chemical equations for each of the following descriptions:

    3.1 Lightning causes nitrogen to combine with oxygen to form nitrous oxide. (3)

    3.2 The industrial preparation of ammonia by the Haber process. (3)

    3.3 Sulfur dioxide dissolving in atmospheric water to produce acid rain. (3)

    [9]

    QUESTION 4

    Dumisane and Natalie were investigating the temperature changes that occur when calciumchloride (powder) is added to a sodium bicarbonate solution.

    4.1 Suggest a suitable investigative question. (2)

    4.2 Describe how you would conduct a suitable experiment to record the temperaturechanges when calcium chloride is added to a sodium bicarbonate solution. Include theapparatus that is required. (6)

    When the experiment was performed, Jane observed that a white precipitate was formed, alongwith the production of a gas. Dumisane recorded the following temperatures:

    Temperature (

    C) 21 34 42 45 46 46

    Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150

    4.3 What is the independent variable? (1)

    4.4 What is the dependent variable? (1)

    4.5 Name ONE condition that should be kept constant to ensure accurate results. (1)

    4.6 Plot the above results on a suitable graph. Join the points to form a smooth curve. (6)

    4.7 Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction? Provide a reason for your answer. (2)

    4.8 Write down a suitable conclusion for this experiment. (2)

    4.9 Suggest what change(s) Natalie could make to the experiment to increase the

    temperature by a further 5 C. (1)

    [22]

    [TOTAL: 45 marks]

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    Grade 10

    PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST FOUR

    Marks: 70

    QUESTION 1

    Thandi visits a theme park that has one of her favourite rides, The Pendulum. This is a ridewhere the rider acts as a human pendulum. Riders are secured in a safety harness and hoistedup to a height of 30 m and then released to swing like a pendulum through the U-shapedsupports as seen the picture. The riders can reach speeds of up to 90 kmh1.

    1.1 Assuming that Thandi has a mass of 75 kg, calculate her gravitational potential energywhen she is stationary at point A, the top of the hoist. Ignore the effects of airresistance. (4)

    1.2 Using your knowledge of mechanical energy, determine Thandis velocity on the swingat the lowest point, C. (4)

    1.3 If the force of air friction were taken into account, how would the velocity of the personat the lowest point of the swing be affected? Write only INCREASE/DECREASE/STAYTHE SAME. (1)

    1.4 Thandis baby sister, Yvonne, wants to go on The Pendulum but she does not pass thesafety regulations of the harness, as she is only 1,1 m tall and has a mass of only 32 kg.Predict what could happen if she is allowed on the ride. (2)

    [11]

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    QUESTION 2

    A lift carries 4 people from the ground floor to the sixth floor at a height of 19 m. The averagemass of each person is 65 kg and the mass of the lift is 800 kg.

    2.1 What is the definition of gravitational potential energy? (2)

    2.2 Calculate the potential energy of the lift and the passengers when it has come to rest atthe sixth floor. (5)

    The lift is stationary on the sixth floor when the cable holding the lift suddenly snaps, and the liftand the passengers fall to the ground. Ignore the effects of friction.

    2.3 Using the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy calculate the velocity of the lift justbefore it hits the ground. (3)

    2.4 In reality, mechanical energy is not conserved during such a fall. Give TWO reasonswhy the falling lift may experience a much lower velocity than calculated. (2)

    [12]

    QUESTION 3

    A new stadium is being built in preparation for the football World Cup. A large pillar is being liftedby a crane. The mass of the pillar is 1 100 kg, and it is lifted 310 m above the ground when thecable holding it secure, breaks. The pillar falls to the ground. Ignore the effects of air resistance.

    3.1 State the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy. (2)

    3.2 Calculate the potential energy of the pillar at a height of 310 m. (4)

    3.3 Calculate the potential energy of the pillar when it is 50 m above the ground. Explain thedifference in potential energy between this height and 310 m. (4)

    3.4 Use the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy to calculate the velocity of the pillarjust before it hits the ground. (4)

    [14]

    QUESTION 4

    Read the following news extract carefully and answer the questions that follow:

    Sunshine powers water pumps in Africa (adapted fromhttp://www.waterforall.org/stories)-

    Marta Njamsa is 18 and like so many women and girls in developing countries, Marta was tasked withthe time-consuming chore of collecting water. In January, Water For All donated a solar water pump totheir village.

    Marta said, "Before the Sun Pump, we had to walk eight kilometres to the nearest village to get waterand used a hand pump. It was always breaking. Now Marta obtains clean drinking water with thesimple turn of a tap.

    The Sun Pump uses the power of the sun to drive a pump that is capable of producing between 8,000-30,000 litres of water a day. Each pump is powered by three solar panels.

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    Mbu, a teacher at the school where the Sun Pump was installed said, "Water has made the school intothe center of the community. People in the community used to have to collect water from far away butnow, we not only have water for the school but people come on weekends to wash clothes as well."

    4.1 Generally, people tend to consider boys to be physically stronger than girls. Why do youthink it is that women and girls instead of the men and boys in Martas village weretasked with the difficult task of collecting water? (2)

    4.2 One litre of water weighs one kilogram. If the Sun Pump produced 8000 litres a day andeach female could only manage to carry a maximum load of 15 kg, how many femaleswould be needed to collect the 8000 litres of water? (2)

    4.3 The water is pumped up from below the ground. Explain how the water got to beunderground in the first place. (2)

    4.4 Will this underground source of water ever run dry? Explain. (2)

    4.5 Are you able to suggest other ways in which the community could collect rain water. (2)

    4.6 The Water For All Project wants to ensure that the pumped water is clean anddrinkable. They instructed the science students at school that they must regularly testfor impurities such as carbonates, nitrates and nitrites. They must also test the pH of thewater, making sure it is not too acid, nor too alkaline. Explain how you would go abouttesting for (a) carbonates, (b) nitrates and (d) nitrites. Also explain how you would testthe (e) acidity level of the water. (8)

    4.7 Mention one way in which you would make acidic water drinkable. (2)

    4.8 How do you think the lives of the people and the plant life of the village would change

    now that they are able to get water from a tap close by to their homes instead of havingto walk kilometers to collect it. (4)

    4.9 Almost all civilization started close to a river (or clean water source).Why is water soimportant for life? How would we survive without it? (4)

    4.10 What is Fracking? Give a pro and a con of implementing this in rural communities. (5)

    [33]

    [TOTAL: 70 marks]

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    PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST ONE MEMORANDUM

    QUESTION 1

    1.1 B (2)

    1.2 D (2)

    1.3 A (2) [6]

    QUESTION 2

    2.1 Pulse (1)

    2.2 Speed (1)

    2.3 Electrical conductors (1)

    2.4 Crest (1)

    2.5 Constructive interference (1)

    2.6 Static electricity (1)

    2.7 Energy (1)

    2.8 Noise (1) [8]

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    QUESTION 3

    3.1

    (4)

    3.2 Constructive (1)

    3.3 10 cm (1)

    3.4 Stay the same (1)

    3.5

    (2) [9]

    QUESTION 4

    4.1 Wave 2 (1)

    4.2 Wave 3 (1)

    4.3 Halved (1)

    4.4 Light wave

    (1)

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    4.5 Digital signals can be transmitted further without loss of signal.

    Digital signals are clearer.

    Cables can be covered in plastic and are less likely to be stolen. (3) [7]

    QUESTION 5

    5.1 Fixed end (2)

    5.2 Any THREEof the following:

    Same frequency ()

    Same amplitude ()

    Opposite direction ()

    Perfectly out of phase () (3)

    5.3 a) A or C or E (1)

    b) B or D (1)

    5.4 Points of constructive interference (2)

    5.5 A (1) [10]

    [TOTAL: 40 marks]

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    PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST TWO MEMORANDUM

    SECTION B

    QUESTION 1

    1.1 a) The number of protons in an atom. (1)

    b) 11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons (3)

    c) Isotopes (1)

    d) Yes. The number of protons and electrons and not the number of

    neutrons determines chemical reactivity. (2)

    e) Potassium (1)

    f) X (Na) since it has a smaller atomic radius. (2)

    g) KCl (2)

    h) (2)

    1.2 a) Metal, since it conducts heat and electricity. (2)

    b) Carbon (1)

    c) Carbon can form two different giant structures.

    In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four others, forming a strong 3-

    D shape.

    In graphite, six carbon atoms bind together to form thin hexagonal sheets.

    These sheets are held together by weak forces. (3) [20]

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    QUESTION 2

    2.1 a) Table salt (1)

    b) Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) (2)

    c) The mass of the reactants equals the sum of the mass of the products. (2)

    d) Mass (reactants) = 106 g + 2(36,5 g)

    = 179 g

    Mass (products) = 58,5 g + 44 g + 18 g

    = 179 g

    Mass (reactants) = Mass (products) (6)

    2.2 H2(g) + Cl2 (g) 2HCl (g)

    16 cm3 (2) [13]

    QUESTION 3

    3.1 A neutral object has the same number of protons and electrons , whereas a

    charged object has more of one charge than the other. (2)

    3.2 Will a charged object cause a neutral object to be attracted or repelled? (2)

    3.3 A charged object brought close to a neutral obect will cause the neutral objectto be attracted. (2)

    3.4 Temperature (1)

    3.5 Added (1)

    3.6 Insulator Electrons collect on the surface of the object and do not flow through it. (2)

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    3.7 The negative charges on the ball are repelled to the opposite side of the ball by

    the negative charge on the ruler. This leaves the side of the ball closest to

    the ruler positive. Induction. (3)

    3.8

    (3)

    3.9 Any ONEof the following and a suitable advantage:

    Photocopier () allows us to make copies of documents. ()

    Electrostatic precipitator () removes dust particles from chimneys at power

    stations. ()

    Finger printing () allows the police to take fingerprints of the criminals. ()

    Spray painting (

    ) ensures an even coating of paint and saves money byeliminating wastage. () (2) [18]

    QUESTION 4

    4.1 V =Q

    W

    =20

    90

    = 4,5 V (4)

    4.2One cell =

    3

    5,4

    = 1,5 V (2)

    4.3 I = t

    Q

    30

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    = 0,75 A (4)

    4.4 I =3

    75,0

    = 0,25 A (2)

    4.5 Shine dimmer (2) [14]

    [TOTAL: 65 marks]

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    QUESTION 3

    3.1 N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO (g) (3)

    3.2 N2(g) + 3H2(g)

    2NH3(g)

    (3)

    3.3 SO2(g) + H2O (l) H2SO3(aq) (3) [9]

    QUESTION 4

    4.1 Will the temperature of a reaction increase when calcium chloride is added

    to a sodium bicarbonate solution? (2)

    4.2 Use a measuring cylinder to measure a volume of sodium bicarbonate into a

    beaker.

    Record the temperature of the solution using a thermometer.

    Add the calcium chloride to the solution.

    Record the temperature every 30 s. (6)

    4.3 Time (1)

    4.4 Temperature (1)

    4.5 Ambient temperature (1)

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    4.6

    (6)

    4.7 Exothermic reaction. The temperature increases due to more energy being

    released than taken in. (2)

    4.8 Calcium chloride reacts with sodium bicarbonate in an exothermic reaction

    resulting in an increase in the temperature of the reaction. (2)

    4.9 Add more calcium chloride.

    [Note: the addition of more sodium bicarbonate solution will not increase the

    temperature, as the added liquid will dissipate the increase in energy.] (1) [22]

    [TOTAL: 45 marks]

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    Grade 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCES

    PRACTICE TEST FOUR MEMORANDUM

    SECTION B

    QUESTION 1

    1.1 U = mgh

    = (75 kg)(9,8 ms2

    )(30 m)

    = 22 050 J (4)

    1.2 K =2

    2

    1mv

    22 050 J =2)75(

    2

    1v

    v = 24,25 ms1

    (4)

    1.3 Decrease (1)

    1.4 The harness is too big for Yvonne. As she reaches the top of the swing she

    may slip out of the harness. (2) [11]

    QUESTION 2

    2.1 The energy that an object possesses due to its position relative to the earth. (2)

    2.2 U = mgh

    = (260 kg + 800 kg)(9,8 ms2

    )(19 m)

    = 48 412 J (5)

    2.3 48 412 J =2

    2

    1mv

    = 1

    2(1 060)v2

    1

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    2.4 Energy lost to heat

    Energy lost to air resistance (2) [12]

    QUESTION 3

    3.1 The sum of kinetic and potential energy of a system of bodies remains

    constant in the absence of friction. (2)

    3.2 U = mgh

    = (1 100 kg)(9,8 ms2)(310 m)

    = 3 341 800 J (4)

    3.3 U = (1 100 kg)(9,8 ms2

    )(50 m)

    = 539 000 J

    Some potential energy has been converted to kinetic energy. (4)

    3.4K =

    2

    2

    1mv

    2

    2

    1mv = 3 341 800 J

    1

    2(1 100)v2 = 3 341 800 J

    v = 77,95 ms1 (4) [14]

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    QUESTION 4

    4.1 Traditionally males were hunters and they often had to leave home for days in the hunt for meat.

    Women tended to stay at home nurturing babies and children. Their traditional jobs included

    collecting wood and water. Water was required daily for cooking, cleaning and drinking. (2)

    4.2 15 kg water 15 L of water. Therefore 8000 L / 15 L = 533.33 people. But since we cant ever

    have 0.33 people, we need 534 women to carry a load of 8000 L. (2)

    4.3 Water collects on the ground and seeps through to find its way into water below the

    ground. (2)

    4.4 No. The total amount of water in the hydrosphere is fixed, but water moves readily between

    various compartments through the processes of evaporation, precipitation, and surface and

    subsurface flows. There may be imbalances of input and output in particular areas, which will

    manifest as drought or flooding. (2)

    4.5 Build dams (large scale). Erect rain water retaining tanks that are fed by downpipes of

    houses (small scale). (2)

    4.6 Impurities, how to identify and treat

    a. Carbonates:

    To identify a carbonate, you mix it with an acid and pass any gas evolved through lime

    water. A milky precipitate indicates CO2is released.

    b. Nitrates:

    Devarda's alloy (Cu/Al/Zn) is a reducing agent. When reacted with nitrate in sodium

    hydroxide solution, ammonia is liberated. The ammonia formed may be detected by its

    characteristic odor, and by moist red litmus.

    c. Nitrites:

    Use a urine test kit (purchase at local pharmacy) to check for presence of nitrite is the

    water. Any pink discoloration of the test pad indicates a positive reaction which means

    nitrites are present.

    d. pH determination:

    Use litmus paper. If it turns red water is acidic. If it turns blue, water is alkaline.

    (8)

    4.7 Calcium Carbonate, another name for precipitated chalk can be used to reduce excessacids. We

    call this process neutralization. (2)

    4.8 Having access to a water source that is only a tap turn away would allow people to grow flowers

    and plants successfully. They would save hours in their day that before would have been

    spent on water collection. (4)

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    4.9The human body is more than 80% water. All our bodily systems and functions require water to

    operate normally. We also need water is cleanse our outside bodies as well as the clothes that we

    wear. Water is also required for cooking, nurturing vegetable gardens and watering of plants. We

    use water for recreation (swimming pools, boating, catching fish in dams etc). We could not

    survive long without water. (4)

    4.10 Fracking is a process where a strong jet of water, containing a cocktail mixture of chemicals, is

    pumped underground in order to fracture rocks (shale) apart. These broken rocks then release gas

    that was trapped inside it. The gas is caught and used to make oil and petrol. Pro: Fracking creates

    many jobs in impoverished rural communities. Con: Fracking runs the risk of contaminating the

    groundwater. (5)

    [33]

    [TOTAL: 70 marks]

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