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PLAY BASED LEARNING

Shamla Kumari KrishnanMC1405MD0014

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Theories On Play

◦

Play, for Piaget, provides children with opportunities to developsocial competence through ongoing interactions.

◦ Eric Erikson reinforced the development and use of play astherapy to help children cope with emotional difficulties.

◦ Vygotsky believed that all imaginary situations devised by youngchildren follow social rules. Through make-believe play, childrendevelop an understanding of social norms and try to upholdthose social expectations

◦ Sigmund Freud suggested that every child at play “behaves likea creative writer, in that he creates a world of his own, or, rather,rearranges the things of his world in a new way which pleaseshim

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Why the need to PLAY now?

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Where has PLAY gone?

◦ PLAY is in jeopardy

◦ Outdoor play is perceived as being too dangerous for children

◦ Children are bombarded by television, DVD and computer games, violenttoys that inhibit imaginative play, extracurricular activities, and academic

pressure.◦ Little time is being allocated to creative play. Greatest threats to children’s

creative play are television, video and DVD games, and computers.

Following a study:

1) American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP; 2001) has recommended that

young children, especially those under three who are in the formative yearsof brain development, have no exposure to television, as a preventativemeasure against attention problems and subsequent risk of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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Cont.. Where has PLAY gone?

2) National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), assertsthat “research demonstrates that watching violent programs is related toless imaginative play and more imitative play in which the child simplymimics the aggressive acts observed on television” The majority of toys thatchildren play with tend to be violent and expensive toys based on mediaprograms and which encourage children to reenact the aggressivebehaviors they see on television, in commercials, or in movies.

3) Priority in Academics. In Crisis in The Kindergarten (Miller & Almon, 2009),the authors argue that children are spending the majority of their day inliteracy and math instruction and in standardized testing and testpreparation, leaving less than 30 minutes (and sometimes no time at all) inplay or choice time. The same restrictions and pressures are being placedon preschoolers.

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What is Play?

◦ For an activity to be regarded as

PLAY, it should be freely chosen bythe child and the child must wantto do the activity for no otherreason than because it is fun.

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 Play fosters a child’s

physical, social, emotionaland intellectualdevelopment.

The Value of Play 

As children play, their brain develops, theirmuscles grow strong, and they developgood social and life skills such as learning toshare, take turns, make choices and

understand the feelings of others.

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Play also helps increasechildren’s concentrationand cooperation withothers.

It helps children learn who they are, what theycan do and allows them to explore and practice

how the world works.

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Types of Play:

Sensory Play

learning throughsenses

Exploratory Play

Learning byfinding

out

Manipulative Play

Learning bytouch/feel/handle

mould

Dramatic Play

Learning by

role-taking/

pretending

Creative

Play

Learning by

creating

textured/scented/

coloured play-dough

textured/scented/coloured water-play

textured/colouredsand play

cooking

mixing colours

shades/dark/light

relationshipsbetween shapes

spatial relations

numbers &

patterns

sizes

Blocks,lego, duplo,

Brush blockspaper-folding

cutting/pasting

physical

pretending to

be peopleanimals/

transport

acting out

situations

role-play

drawing

paintingscollages

printings

stories

songs

music &sound

patterns

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parten%27s_stages_of_play 

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Play is Child’s WORK! 

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Conclusion

This world of play offers children vastopportunities to learn aboutthemselves, others, and theenvironment in which they live.

◦Play is enjoyable for all but oftenunderestimated for its unique way ofpositively influencing physical,

cognitive, and psychosocialdevelopment

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◦ Time

◦ Space

◦

Materials◦ Care

◦ Contact

The most important things that adults canprovide for children are:

When adults argue that “we didn’t play when we were in school and itdidn’t  do us any harm”  they are forgetting that they had richopportunities to learn through play at home and in their communitywhich built their characters and life enhancing experiences that theytook for granted.

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THANK YOU forPLAYING withME!