Please get out your thinking map

homeworkPlease read the board

Build more dams – trap it upstreamUse more groundwaterTransfer water – pipe it long distancesDesalinate water – take the salt out of sea

water◦ Reverse osmosis◦ Distillation – boiling, then trapping the fresh

steamConserve water

5 Ways to increase water availability

Texas’ Colorado River

Thinking map

Build more dams – trap it upstreamUse more groundwaterTransfer water – pipe it long distancesDesalinate water – take the salt out of sea

water◦ Reverse osmosis◦ Distillation – boiling, then trapping the fresh

steamConserve water

5 Ways to increase water availability (sustainably?????)

Dams - How they work

Texas’ ONLY natural lake – Caddo Lake

Three Gorges DamYangtze River, ChinaOne of the world’s

largest power plantsDisplaced 1.3 million

people and flooded cultural/archeological sites

Controls flooding downstream

Aswan High Dam - Egypt

DamsAdvantages

Disadvantages

Use more groundwater

Use more Groundwater – Ogallala

Advantages

Disadvantages

Well, DUH!!!!

Reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis

Distillation

Desalination in TejasCity of Seminole

ProjectCost: $1, 625, 000Desalinating

brackish groundwater from Dockum Aquifer using wind-power.

California Water Transfer project

Too much to say! We’ll save it for Friday!

Two major topics:Water SUPPLYWater POLLUTANTS

clean water

Pollutant of the Day!Pathogens

World Health Organization Statistics:

Concerns: Improvements:

2.6 billion people do not have adequately clean water

rural habitants are 5 times less likely to use improved drinking water than those in urban centers.

84% of the population in developing regions are using an improved source;

in 2000, 1 billion more people used such a source than in 1990.

UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication

One out of four urban dwellers does not have access to improved sanitation facilities.

90% of all waste water in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and seas.

Every day, 2 million tons of sewage and other effluents drain into the world's waters

Lake Conroe and Lake Houston:E. Coli bacteria – double the limit set by state

Other Bacterial pathogensTyphoid – diarrhea, severe vomiting, inflamed

intestinesCholera – diarrhea, severe vomitingDysentery – diarrhea, usually only fatal in

infants

Giardia protezoan – diarrhea, cramps, fatigue

Schistosomiasis – parasitic worm

Guinea worm – burns as it leaves the human body

'Fiery serpent' ... A guinea worm emerges from the leg of a south Sudanese girl. (Reuters: Skye Wheeler, file photo)

How are all of these passed on?Overloaded sewage

treatment plantsDirect dumping of

sewage in communities

Lack of water treatment plants

The Life Straw

LifeStraw Swiss-based Vestergaard Frandsen for tourists and people living in developing nations. There are several models of the product: LifeStraw Personal filters a minimum of 700 litres of water, enough for one person and one year. LifeStraw Family filters a minimum of 18,000 litres of water, providing safe drinking water for a family for more than two years. It removes 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria, 99.99% of viruses, and 99.9% of parasites. LifeStraw Personal kills 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria and 98.5% of viruses.

Two types of sources•point sources – specific location that can be identified

•nonpoint sources – spread out, may not be easy to identify.

Coal-fired power plant

Feedlot: Point or non point?

Clear cut logging operation

Agricultural fields

Outfall effluent from sewage treatment plant

City streets

Active or abandoned mine

Mine tailings piles/gangue

Golf course

Factory effluent

Petroleum refinery

Suburban lawns

Storm drainsCarry water from

streets to local bayou/water way

The drain is just for rain!

Check for understanding!