pmp exam preparation course: 07 project quality management

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B. M. Shahrier Majumder, PMPPMP® Exam Preparation

Project Quality Management


Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this topic you will learn about

– The processes, activities and documentation items for Project Quality Management

– Elements (and deliverables) for Project Quality Management– Tools and techniques of the key activities of the Project Quality

Management

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Quality Management

Project Quality Management includes the processes and activities of the

performing organization that determine quality policies, objectives and

responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was

undertaken. procedures and processes of quality planning, quality

assurance and quality control, with continuous process improvement

activities conducted throughout, as appropriate.

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Key Activities of Quality Management

• Plan Quality: The process of identifying quality requirements and/or quality standards for the project and product, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance.

• Perform Quality Assurance: The process of auditing the quality requirements and results from quality control measurements to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definition are used.

• Perform Quality Control: The process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to asses performance and recommend necessary changes.

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Plan Quality | Data Flow Diagram6


Plan Quality

Inputs Tools & Techniques Outputs

Scope baselineStakeholder registerCost performance baselineSchedule baselineRisk registerEnterprise environmental factorsOrganizational process assets

Cost-benefit analysisCost of QualityControl chartsBenchmarkingDesign of experimentsStatistical samplingFlowchartingProprietary quality management methodologiesAdditional quality planning tools

Quality management planQuality metricsQuality checklistsProcess improvement planProject document updates

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Plan Quality > Inputs

• Enterprise Environmental Factors

•Governmental agencies rules, standards and guidelines

specific to the application area, may affect the project

• Organizational Process Assets

•Organizational quality policies, regulations and guidelines

•Historical databases

•Lessons learned from previous project specific to the

application area, may affect the project

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Plan Quality > Tools and Techniques

• Cost-benefit Analysis

– Consider the trade-offs of the cost of quality

• Constant focus on stakeholder satisfaction

• Constant focus on the bottom line (benefits must outweigh the costs)

• Cheaper and more efficient to prevent defects than have to spend time

and money fixing them later

– Benefits of meeting quality requirements are

• Stakeholder satisfaction is increased

• Costs are lower

• Productivity is higher

• There is less rework9



• Cost of Quality

– Total cost of all efforts to achieve product/service quality

– Measures all work to ensure conformance to requirements and all

work resulting from nonconformance to requirements

– 3 types of costs

• Prevention costs

• Appraisal cost

• Failure cost

– Internal

– External

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• Benchmarking

• Comparing similar activities to the current activities

• Current activities become a standard to measure performance

against (benchmark)

• Design of Experiments

• An analytical technique that identifies the elements or variables

that will have the greatest or optimal effect on overall project

outcomes

• A statistical method11


Plan Quality > Outputs

• Quality Management Plan

• Quality management plan is a component or subsidiary plan of the

project management plan

• Describes how the project management team will enforce the Quality

Policy

• Documents the resources required to carry out the plan, the

responsibilities of the project team in quality implementation and all

processes and procedures that are used to satisfy quality

requirements

• Must address quality control, quality assurance and continuous

process improvement for the project

• Quality actions will be assigned to activities in the WBS12


Quality Planning >> Outputs

Quality Metrics Specifically describes what is measured and how it will be measured according to the Quality

Control Plan and process

Quality Checklists A tool and technique of the Risk Identification process

An input to the Quality Control Process

Process Improvement Plan Process boundaries

Process configuration

Process metrics

Target for improved performance

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Perform Quality Assurance | Data Flow Diagram

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Perform Quality Assurance


Quality management planQuality metricsWork performance informationQuality control measurements

Plan Quality and Perform Quality Control tools and techniquesQuality auditsProcess analysis

Organization process assets updatesChange requestProject management plan updatesProject document updates

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Perform Quality Assurance > Inputs

• Work Performance Information

• Technical performance measures

• Project deliverables status

• Schedule progress

• Cost incurred

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Perform Quality Assurance > Tools and Techniques

• Quality Audit

• Structured review of quality management activities

• May be in-house or independent

• Identify all the good /bad practices being implemented

• Identify all gaps/shortcomings

• Share the good practices introduced or implemented in similar projects

in the organization and industry

• Proactively offer assistance in a positive manner to improve

implementation of processes to help the team raise productivity

• Highlight contributions of each audit in the lesson learned repository of

the organization

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Perform Quality Assurance > Tools and Techniques

• Process Analysis

• Follows the steps as specified in the process improvement plan

to identify the improvements from an organizational and

technical standpoint

• Looks at the problems encountered, constraints experienced

and other non-value added activities identified

• Root Cause Analysis

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Perform Quality Control

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Perform Quality Control


Quality management planQuality metricsQuality checklistsWork performance measurementsApproved change requestsDeliverablesOrganization process assets

Cause and effect diagramControl chartsFlowchartingHistogramPareto chartRun chartScatter diagramStatistical samplingInspectionApproved change request review

Quality control measurementsValidated changesValidate deliverablesOrganizational process assets updatesChange requestsProject management plan updates

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Perform Quality Control > Tools and Techniques

• Cause Effect Diagram

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• Control Chart

– Stable Process

– Unstable Process

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• Flow charting

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Perform Quality Control >> Tools and Techniques

• Histogram

A histogram (or frequency

distribution chart) is a bar graph

that groups data by

predetermined intervals to show

the frequency of the data set. It

provides a way to measure and

analyze data collected about a

process or problem, and may

provide a basis for what to work

on first.

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• Pareto Chart

The Pareto chart is a special type of histogram, used to view causes

of a problem in order of severity from largest to smallest. It is a

simple statistical tool that graphically shows the 20-80 rule where

20% of the sources cause 80% of the problems.

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• Run Chart

Chronological order that displays changes and trends in the central

tendency (average)

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• Scatter Diagram

A scatter plot is used for problem solving and understanding cause-

and-effect relationships. It shows whether a relationship exists

between two variables, by testing how one variable influences the

response (other variable).

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Statistical Sampling

Selecting a portion of the population (0% - 100%)

Statistical terms

Mean – sum of measurements divided by number of measurements under

consideration

Median – value having as many observations above it as below it when the

observations are arranged in increasing or decreasing sequence of value

Mode – most frequently occurring observation

If two modes, considered bimodal

If three or more modes, not a viable measure of central tendency

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Statistical Sampling (Continue)

Range – difference between the largest measurement and

the smallest measurement

Variance:

Population or process variance – sum of the squared

deviations from the mean divided by the number of

measurements

Sample variance – sum of the squared deviations from the

mean divided by number of measurements minus 1 (n-1)

Standard deviation – positive square root of the variance

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• Inspection

– Inspections are formal manual techniques that are a natural

evolution of desk checking. This procedure requires a team,

usually directed by a moderator.

– Measuring, examining, and testing

– Determine whether results conform to requirements

– Conducted at any level

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Quality Management > Some Important Concept

• Gold Plating:

– Giving the customer extras

– Adds no value to the project

• Just in Time (JIT):

– Decreasing inventory close to zero

– Forces attention to quality

• Total Quality Management (TQM):

– Company and employees focus on finding the ways to

continuously improve the quality of their business practices and

products

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Questions

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pmp exam preparation course: 07 project quality management

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