PowerPoint PresentationDenise L. Pappas Valcom/Keltron
cabling types • Multiple trades • Multiple AC outlets
Converged Building • Multiple building
Intelligent Building Trend
• Structured (IP) Cabling and Market Trends
• Codes & Standards • Power (PoE) Options &
Concerns • Cabling System
Layouts for LED Lighting
IP Cabling Selection Copper and fiber cable types for bandwidth/resolution and distance for data and power
Trending – the Move to IP Cabling
Traditional Building Employ a vast array of different protocols and cabling systems
One cable type means: • Rapid deployment • Reduced labor costs
Converged Building Multiple building systems over a single IT cabling infrastructure (fiber and copper)
Recognized Horizontal Cables The following types of horizontal cables are recognized in TIA Standards
• Four-pair 100 balanced twisted-pair • Two-core (two strand) OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 and OM5 multimode
optical fiber • Two-core OS1 & OS2 single mode optical fiber
Balanced Twisted Pair Copper Cable Types
Category 3 (voice only), 5e, 6, 6A Category 7, 7A, 8
Copper Performance Categories Components
Frequency)
Category 7 -- 600 MHz 10GBASE-T and cable sharing
Category 7A -- 1000 MHz Beyond 10GBASE-T, cable sharing and broadband video
Category 8.1 Category 8 2 GHz 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T
Category 8.2 -- 2 GHz 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T
Performance designations are based on International Standard ISO/IEC 11801:2011 Ed. 2.2 and North American Standard ANSI/TIA-568.2-D. (ANSI/TIA-568-C.2-1)
Optical Fiber Types
62,5µm 50µm 9µm
Singlemode
Features & Benefits Copper Fiber
Bandwidth Category 6 – 250 MHz Category 6A – 500 MHz Category 7A – 1000 MHz
OM3 – up to 1500 MHz/km1
OM4 – up to 3500 MHz/km1
Singlemode - unlimited
Distance 100 m (90m of horizontal cable; 10m of patch cables)
Multimode – Up to 2km2
Singlemode - Up to 40km2
Applications Data and PoE (Power over Ethernet)
Data only (Power can be achieved through a hybrid cable with media converters)
Termination RJ45 field termination Factory terminated (trunks) or Requires trained/skilled labor for field termination
Cost $ - Most cost effective cable and connectivity
Multimode cable - $$$ Singlemode cable - $$ Electronics/Transceivers - $$$$
1Minimum Overfilled Modal Bandwidth at 850nm wavelength 2Application and fiber type dependent
Codes and Standards
Meeting Applicable Codes & Standards
• NEC 2017 Code
Copper Media Selection
• TIA-862-B-2017 • Category 6; category 6A recommended
• ISO/IEC 11801-6 Ed1.0 • Class EA or higher
• BICSI 007-2017 • Category 6A/Class EA or higher recommended
Category 5e
Shielded UTP
Category 6A
Category 6
Structured Cabling Infrastructure Standard for Intelligent Building Systems General substitution of the term “intelligent building system”
for the previous term “building automation system” Addition of guidance for cabling for: Wireless systems Remote powering over balanced twisted-pair cabling Smart lighting
ANSI/TIA-862-B-2016 Horizontal Topology Options
• Communications Infrastructure & Network Integration
• Building Systems (Lighting, Digital Signage, Vertical Transportation, Sound Systems, ESS, etc.)
• Building Monitoring Systems • Commissioning
Designing a Telecom Room that Supports Multiple Systems
Specialty Systems
Wall-Mounted Systems
Dual TRs that Provides Restricted Access to the Core Network
Restricted Access
BICSI 007: Horizontal Cabling Elements
Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL)
• The MPTL is constructed by direct field termination of horizontal cabling at the device end with a modular plug - replacing the TO/SO and associated Work Area (WA) cord.
• TIA-568.2-E requires that horizontal cable be terminated onto a TO. In certain cases there may be a need to terminate horizontal cables directly to a plug.
• BICSI-007 recognizes the MPTL and refers to it as a direct connection method, with or without an HCP
Patch Panel in a TR
(H)CP Housed in a Zone Enclosure
100m Total Copper Channel Distance
MPTL/Direct Connect Applications
• IoT and Intelligent Buildings driving the proliferation of IP-based and PoE-based devices in the walls and ceilings of modern buildings
Zone Cabling/HCP (Horizontal Consolidation Point)
Zone cabling is a standards- based approach to support convergence of devices
Consists of cables run from connections in the telecommunications room (TR) to outlets housed in a zone enclosure servicing coverage areas
Shorter cables run from outlets in the zone enclosure directly to devices or to outlets servicing devices
25% spare port availability recommended for best ROI
Supports rapid reorganization and deployment of new devices and applications
MAC work costs less, is faster and less disruptive
Factory pre-terminated and tested trunking cables can be installed from the TR to the zone enclosure for quicker deployment
Power over Ethernet Running parallel power over the data cabling
Existing IEEE PoE Applications Minimum Power at PSE Output Number of Pairs Maximum Current
Per Pair (Per Conductor)
Power over Ethernet (Type 1) 15.4 W 2-pairs 350 mA (.17 Amp)
Power over Ethernet Plus (Type 2) 30.0 W 2-pairs 600 mA (.3 Amp)
4-pair PoE (Type 3) 60.0 W 4-pairs 600 mA (.3 Amp)
4-pair PoE (Type 4) 90.0 W 4-pairs 960 mA (.48 Amp)
Power over HDBase-T (POH) 100.0 W 4-pairs 960 mA (.48 Amp)
• Heat builds up within cable bundles: • Cabling insertion loss increases at temperatures above 20°C/68°F • The temperature of any cable should not exceed the temperature rating
for the cable • Cables with higher temperature ratings are listed and marked
accordingly
• Contact arcing occurs when un-mating pairs under load and may affect connecting hardware reliability
Temperature Rise Considerations
Pathway Capacity • Maximum pathway (cable tray/wireway)
capacity shall not exceed a calculated fill ratio of 50% to a maximum of 150 mm (6 in) inside depth.
• But what happens when powered cables heat up in bundles?
0 2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18 20
200 400 600 800 1000
Te m
pe ra
tu re
R is
e ( de
gr ee
s C )
Category 6A UTP, slim profile Category 7A S/FTP
Temperature Rise vs. Current in 100 Cable Bundle Type 2/3 Type 4Type 1
Chart3
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Category 7A S/FTP
Temperature Rise (degrees C)
Temperature Rise (degrees C)
2.45
1.8375
1.47
5
3.75
3
6.05
4.5375
3.63
11.25
8.4375
6.75
12.8
9.6
7.68
14.45
10.8375
8.67
20
15
12
Category 7A S/FTP
Temperature Rise (degrees C)
2.45
1.47
1.8375
1.28625
1.6905
0.94325
5
3
3.75
2.625
3.45
1.925
6.05
3.63
4.5375
3.17625
4.1745
2.32925
11.25
6.75
8.4375
5.90625
7.7625
4.33125
12.8
7.68
9.6
6.72
8.832
4.928
14.45
8.67
10.8375
7.58625
9.9705
5.56325
20
12
15
10.5
13.8
7.7
17.745
23.322
13.013
26.88
35.328
19.712
Category 6A UTP
Category 6A F/UTP
Category 7A S/FTP
Temperature Rise (degrees C)
7.2
5.4
4.968
4.32
3.78
2.772
Category 6A UTP
Category 6A F/UTP
Category 7A S/FTP
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645.4972243679
662.2661785325
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719.8157507487
776.1505257063
Panduit
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Temperature Rise (degrees C)
2.45
1.8375
1.47
1.28625
0.94325
5
3.75
3
2.625
1.925
6.05
4.5375
3.63
3.17625
2.32925
11.25
8.4375
6.75
5.90625
4.33125
12.8
9.6
7.68
6.72
4.928
14.45
10.8375
8.67
7.58625
5.56325
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7.7
17.745
13.013
26.88
19.712
SupEssex
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Category 6A F/UTP
Category 7A S/FTP
Temperature Rise (degrees C)
Figure 3: Worst Case Temperature Rise at 600 mA and 720 mA
7.2
5.4
4.32
4.968
3.78
2.772
10.368
7.776
6.2208
7.15392
5.4432
3.99168
Leviton
Ambient
Current capacity, mA, normalized R values to 15 degrees at 720
All Data Normalized to 15 degrees at 720 mA for cat 5e
Cat 5e
Cat 6
Cat 6A
30.0
720
790
845
811
880
950
= 12.4
= 10.8
= 11.8
= 10
= 8.6
20.0
720
790
845
811
880
950
**Note: 50 degree values were manually adjusted by a few degrees to match Sterling's IEEE numbers
Siemon Data - Riser
10.0
9.5
8.3
14.1
Factor
Temperature
1.9
45
950
CommScope
(3) TIA Data Normalized to 15 degrees at 720 mA for cat 5e
(1) TIA Data
Siemon Data - Riser
6.2-(7.3-5.1)
= 7.2
= 5.4
= 4.0
10.4 comes from FIT 5e at 720 and 7.8 comes from FIT 6 at 720.
7.3 comes from the Siemon 6A UTP data and 8.3 comes from the Siemon 6A Slim UTP data
Best Fit
Worst Case Temp Rise
Summary of Cable bundle temperature rise of inner conductor over ambient.
Thermocouple temperture measurements versus calculated temperature rise shows differences in the temperature rise measurement.
It is expected that the calculated temperature rise should be large then the thermocouple measurement. But in the 1.2m long bundles they are not.
Foam packing sheets were wrapped several inches on each end of the cable bundles to help reduce end effects.
The difference is most likely due to cable bundle end effects. The ends on the cable are not bundled as tight due to the cable loops.
Some of the center cable is outside the bundle for termination reasons.
The percentage of end effects may be significant compared to the 1.2m bundle length used in this experiment.
Most bundles were 1.2 m long. When thermocouples were used they were mounted at 0.6m.
Two bundles were 5m long. The thermocouples were placed at 2.5m.
100 around 1 bundles temperature stabilized in about 3 hours
36 around 1 bundles temperature stabilized in about 2 hours
Temperature Coefficient used to calculate conductor temperature rise (0.0038).
Cable Type
Bundle Size
Sample Length
Thermocouple inside center cable ( C )
Thermocouple outside center cable ( C )
Measured Resistance of center cable at ambient, Wired per Joe Walling Contribution
Bundle Diameter (Inches)
Conductor Diameter (Inches)
2.2702702703
TABLE 1: STEADY STATE TEMPERATURE RISE (°C) @ 500 mA CURRENT
DT (°C) in:
Center cable powered
Table 2: STEADY STATE TEMPERATURE RISE (°C) @ 800 mA CURRENT
DT (°C) in:
Center cable powered
PoEP – TEMPERATURE RISE IN BUNDLED CABLES
Tests were performed using the procedure outlined in J-H. Walling’s paper TR42.7-06-10-101 Cable Heat Test using a 37 cable bundle
Cables types tested were a standard Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A
Tests were performed using 500 and 800 mA
VALUES ARE PER CONDUTOR
Three iterations were measured – center cable powered (1 cable), center and 1st layer powered (7 cables), all cables powered (37 cables)
Initial results for Cat 5e CMR and CMP cables showed little difference in the temperature rise for the two cable types. CMR had a slightly higher temperature rise
Majority of tests were, therefore, performed on CMR cables
Ambient temperature was controlled at 22 ± 0.5 °C
Accuracy of temperature results estimated as ± 0.2 °C
Table 1 summarizes the steady state temperature rise as a function of cable type and number of cables powered at a current of 500 mA
Table 2 summarizes the steady state temperature rise as a function of cable type and number of cables powered at a current of 800 mA
Typical plots of temperature rise versus time are attached for the Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A, with all cables powered, at both 500 and 800 mA.
The data presented may be used to interpolate or extrapolate the temperature rise in cables as a function of resistance, applied current, or number of cables in a bundle.
Settled temp rise (deg. C) of a  90 cable bundle’s core at a stable…
750ma
550ma
9.7
5.4
Note there are TWO cat6A plenums in there.        No extra charge.
It wasn’t required to be indicated.. but you really should know that my cat5e plenum was ScTP and had a dramatic effect on temperature rise.
My temperature data was taken using multiple sensors; the numbers above were the worst case values.
Cat 6 Plenum Cable/ 0.5 Amperes per pair
Assembly Configuration
• NFPA 70 (2017 NEC)
• TIA-569-D-2-2018
2017 NEC Code Revisions • Cable Ratings and Markings for Safety • Ampacity Table for Bundles
Part VI. Premises Powering of Communications Equipment over Communications Cables
840.160 Powering Circuits. Communications cables, in addi- tion in carrying the communications circuit, shall also be permitted to carry circuits for powering communications equipment. Where the power supplied over a communications cable to communications equipment is greater than 60 watts, communication cables and the power circuit shall comply with 725.144 where communications cables are used in place of Class 2 and Class 3 cables.
2017 NEC Table 725.144 • Conductor gauge, bundle size and temperature rating
are used to establish a safe power rating (Ampacity) for each conductor
Example: Can this cable support Type 4 PoE? • 24 AWG category 5e cable • Bundle size of 75 cables • Mechanically rated to 60°C (Operating Temperature)
TIA-569-D-2-2018 Additional Pathway and Space Considerations for Supporting Remote Powering Over Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling (July 2018)
• Pathways differ in regard to geometry and contact area between cables, pathway, and air
• Provides general guidance on heat dissipation of various pathways by bundle size
Pathway Type Cable Routing Cable Quantity
1-37 38-61 62-91 > 91
Unbundled High High High N/A
Conduit (Metallic & Non-metallic)
Sealed Conduit Bundled Low Low Low Low
Unbundled Low Low Low Low
TIA-569-D-2-2018: J-hooks & Conduits
1 2 ≥ 3
Ventilated High Medium Low
Unventilated Medium Medium Low
Mitigation Recommendations
• Use Category 6A or higher-performing 4-pair twisted-pair cabling, or larger AWG or shielded cables
• Reduce channel length, as necessary, to offset increased insertion loss
• Use open wire tray or similar cable management that provides for largely unrestricted airflow around the installed cables
• Mix unpowered cables with powered cables • Reduce bundle size (24) and allow space between bundles
Potential for arcing under load conditions • “Unmating under load” produces an arc as the applied current
transitions from flowing through conductive metal to air before becoming an open circuit
• Remote powering applications offer some protection to these critical connection points by ensuring that dc power is not applied over the structured cabling plant until a PD is sensed by the PSE
• Connecting hardware should be qualified for mating and un- mating under electrical power load. IEC 60512-99-001 is referenced as a suitable test schedule
Cable Layout Options for LED Lighting
Different cable layouts
Node Centric vs. Fixture Centric
Fixture Centric One to One
More Powered Ports More Costly
1:1
the supplied PoE power
Sensor
Network
PoE Gateway/Node
Example: Centralized Cabling – Zone Fixture Centric
Example: Centralized Cabling – Node Centric
Example: De-centralized – Zone Node Centric
Making the transition to Fire Alarms
• Today PoE for LED Lighting – tomorrow, powering an entire Fire Alarm System?
• Challenges with PoE
Emerging Technologies
• Constantly Changing • AHJ Approval • Proof Of Concept • Looking towards the future…..
Key Takeaways: Planning Your Infrastructure for Intelligent Buildings
• Familiarize with the codes and standards
• Power and data will co-exist, but can create cabling & pathway challenges
• Zone cabling provides a flexible infrastructure
• Direct connection (MPTL) now acceptable at the device end
• Understand the requirements of the specific applications, requirements and locations before planning the cable infrastructure
• Infrastructure needs to be incorporated at the beginning of the building planning stage
Thank You
Intelligent Building Trend
IP Cabling Selection
Slide Number 5
Recognized Horizontal Cables
Slide Number 7
Copper Performance Categories
Slide Number 9
Slide Number 10
Codes and Standards
Slide Number 17
Dual TRs that Provides Restricted Access to the Core Network
BICSI 007: Horizontal Cabling Elements
Modular Plug Terminated Link (MPTL)
MPTL/Direct Connect Applications
Slide Number 22
Power over Ethernet
Resources for Cabling Heat Concerns
2017 NEC Code Revisions
2017 NEC Table 725.144
TIA-569-D-2-2018
Cabling Layout Selection based on Active Equipment
Node Centric vs. Fixture Centric
Typical PoE LED Lighting System
Example: Centralized Cabling – Fixture Centric
Example: Centralized Cabling – Zone Fixture Centric
Example: Centralized Cabling – Node Centric
Example: De-centralized – Zone Node Centric
Making the transition to Fire Alarms
Emergency Services
Emerging Technologies
Thank You