pokhara university nepal engineering college m.sc ......the knowledge of fluid properties and their...

Pokhara University

Nepal Engineering College

M.Sc. (Interdisciplinary Water Resources Management)

Course Aims (overall)

The overall aim of the course, leading to M.Sc. degree in Interdisciplinary Water Resources

Management, is to train water professionals with interdisciplinary knowledge and skills in

pursing and promoting integrated water resources management in the country consistent to water

resources development policy set forth by Water Resources Strategy (2002) and National Water

Plan (2005).

The graduates upon completion of the course are expected to be able to:

i. Pursue an interdisciplinary approach in managing the water resources.

ii. Critically assess the water resources endowment as linked to upstream and

downstream hydrology, ecology, pollution, consumptive and non-consumptive

uses, water induced disasters and climate change and uncertainties thereto.

iii. Deliver key roles in planning, development and management of water resources,

sustaining national, regional and local economy and well being of the people.

iv. Responding to the water conflicts within wider contexts of socio-economic and

environmental challenges, locally, nationally and internationally.

v. Recognizing the importance of and critically treating political processes as an

important element to decision making pertaining to acquisition, allocation and

utilization of water resources.

List of Courses (Approved by Academic Council of Pokhara University)

First Semester (Basic Courses):

Code Subject Evaluation Scheme Credit

Int. Ext. Total

IWM 611.3 Hydrological Science 60 40 100 3

IWM 612.3 Water Flow and Hydraulics 60 40 100 3

IWM 613.3 Role of Water in Productive

Activities

60 40 100 3

IWM 614.3 Society and Water: Public Health,

Livelihood and Ecosystem

60 40 100 3

IWM 615.3 EIA and GIS Application in Water

Resources

60 40 100 3

IWM 616.3 Presentation, Writing and Reporting

Skills

60 40 100 2

Total 17

Second Semester (Integration Courses):


Int. Ext. Total

IWM 621.3 Economics of Water Resources

Management

60 40 100 3

IWM 622.2 Gender, Water and Social Inclusion 60 40 100 2

IWM 623.3 Conflicts in Water management 60 40 100 3

IWM 624.3 Legal and policy Dimensions of

Water Management

60 40 100 3

IWM 711.3 Water Induced Disaster and Risk

Management

60 40 100 3

Total 14

Third Semester (Application Courses):


Int. Ext. Total

IWM 712.3 Integrated Water Resources

Management

50 50 100 3

IWM 713.4 Field Research Methodology 50 50 100 4

IWM 714.2 Power, Authority and History 50 50 100 2

IWM 750.3E Elective 50 50 100 4

Total 13

Fourth Semester:


Int. Ext. Total

IWM 700 Thesis 50 50 100 16

Elective Courses*:


Int. Ext. Total

IWM 750.3E Groundwater Management 50 50 100 4

IWM 751.3 E Management of Irrigation

Infrastructure and Services

50 50 100 4

IWM 752.3E Climate Change, Livelihood

and Adaptation

50 50 100 4

IWM 753.3E Land Degradation and

Management

50 50 100 4

Note: One elective subject, from among the four options, to be selected by the student pursing M.Sc.

(Interdisciplinary Water Resources Management) based on his/her academic and/or career aspiration

Detailed Curriculum

Hydrological Science

(IWM 611.3)

Course Objective:

The nature and occurrence of water, its spatial and temporal variability, quantity and quality

considerations and human influence are fundamental in defining the water resources endowment

on which development and use of water resources must be planned. This course is expected to

develop a sound foundation on dynamics of water in the nature and human interferences thereto

in developing wider perspectives on integrated water resources management.

Expected learning Outcomes:

Upon studying this course the students should be able to:

i. Appreciate the circulation of water in earth-atmosphere system and the hydrologic

processes over a river basin and emerging quality and quantity concerns thereto.

ii. Quantify the occurrence and variability of rainfall, runoff, flood and sediment

transport processes.

iii. Quantify the occurrence and distribution of groundwater to plan potential

groundwater uses.

iv. Analyze the human interferences on hydrologic processes and the resulting

consequences in terms of quantity and quality.

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (31 hours)

1. Introduction

• Water Circulation in Earth-Atmosphere System

• Components of Hydrologic Cycle

• Atmospheric Phenomenon- Weather and Climate, Atmospheric

Processes in Water Circulation

• Hydro-Meteorological Elements and their Measurements

5

2. Precipitation

• Forms of Precipitation- Causes and Occurrences

• Spatial and Temporal Variability in Rainfall

• Collection, Presentation and Analysis of Rainfall Data.

5

3. Surface Hydrology

• Runoff Process

• Components and Factors Affecting Runoff

• Catchment Morphology Affecting Runoff

• Runoff Estimation

• Rainfall-Runoff Relationships

7

• Runoff Gauging

• Rating Curves for Streams

• Hydrograph- Purpose and Applications, Hydrograph Analysis,

Unit Hydrograph, S-Curve, Synthetic Hydrograph.

4. Flood Hydrology

• Definition of Flood

• Causes and Consequences of Floods

• Flood Routing and Flood Prediction

• Headwater Flood Control

4

5. Sediment and Sediment Transport

• Sediment Properties

• Sources of Sediment Production

• Sediment Motion- Bed Load and Suspended Load

• Sediment Gauging

• Reservoir Sedimentation

• Sediment Yield of Catchment; Sediment Prediction Models

4

5. Groundwater Hydrology

• Occurrence and Movement of Ground Water

• Aquifer Characteristics Affecting Ground Water Yield

• Ground Water Recharge and Withdrawal

• Groundwater Movement

• Evaluation of Safe Yield

• Well Hydraulics- Steady and Unsteady Flow, Partially and Fully

Penetrating Wells, Types of Wells, Multiple Well System

• Groundwater Development and Utilization in Nepal

• Conjunctive Use of Groundwater

• Ground Water Pollution- Point and Non-Point Sources, Boundary

Conditions and Transport Process in Aquifer System, Problems of

Groundwater Pollution in Nepal

6

6. Human Influences on Hydrologic Cycle

• Effect of Population Change, Deforestation, Urbanization and

Industrialization

• Encroachment on Wetland and Protected Areas

• Land Use and Land Cover Changes

• Wastewater disposal and surface and groundwater pollution

4

Experimental Studies (11 hours)

1. Study Tour to Hydro-Meteorological Station 3

2. Flow Measurement: Stream Gauging, Stage-Discharge Relationship,

Development of Rating Curve

5

3. Data Analysis on Pattern and Variability of Precipitation and Stream Flow 3

Evaluation Scheme:

Class Participation and Attendance- 10%

Written Test (Mid-Term and Assessment)- 30%

Assignments, Term Paper and Group Works- 20%

End of Semester Examination- 40%

Reference:

i. Applied Hydrology by C.W. Fetter, 2000, Prentice Hall.

ii. Introduction to Hydrology by Warren Viessman, Gary L. Lewis, 5th

Edition, Prentice

Hall.

iii. Groundwater Hydrology by Todd D. K. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.

iv. Basic Water Science by Ajay Dixit. Nepal Water Conservation Foundation, Kathmandu,

Nepal (2002).

Water Flow and Hydraulics

(IWM 612.3)

Course Objective:

The knowledge of fluid properties and their statics and dynamics and behavior of fluid flow in

pipelines and open channels and their governing equations are important in understanding the

functions and behavior of water structures for acquisition, distribution and utilization of water for

different uses. This course is expected to provide basic understanding on flow of water through

pipe lines and open channels and the flow behavior in the context of stream morphology and

sediment transport.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course the students are expected to:

i. Develop understanding on fluid flow through open and closed conduits and

continuity, momentum and energy equations and their applications.

ii. Develop understanding on behavior of water control structures under different

conditions of flow.

iii. Apply the knowledge of water flow behavior in open and closed conduits in

developing practical solution to water system development.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (32 hours)

1. Basics of Fluid Mechanics

• Fluid Properties- Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension,

Elasticity

• Absolute and Gauge Pressure

• Manometers

• Hydrostatic Pressure

• Hydrostatic Forces

• Buoyancy

4

1. Basics of Fluid Kinematics

• Fundamentals of fluid flow: Continuity, Energy and

Momentum Equations and their Applications.

• Laminar and Turbulent Flow

• Theory of Boundary Layer

4

2. Pipe Flow

• Steady and Unsteady Flow in Pipes

• Use of Continuity Equation in Pipe Flow

• Head Loss and Its Relationship with Flow Parameters

6

• Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines

• Pipe Networks- Series and Parallel Network, Short and

Long Pipes, Economic Diameter of Pipes

3. Open Channel Flow

• Differences between Pipe and Open Channel Flow

• Shape and Geometric Properties of Open Channels

• Conditions of Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow in Open

Channels and their Governing Equations

• Flow Conditions and Analysis of Hydraulic Jump

• Gradually Varied Flow- Assumptions and Equations

• Spatially and Rapidly Varied Flows

• Mobile and Rigid Boundary Channels- Characteristics and

Differences

• Conditions of Shear Stress and Critical Tractive Stress

• Flow Regimes and Types of Bed Forms

10

4. Hydraulic Structures

• Reservoir

• Gravity and Arched Dams

• Dam Appurtenances

• Weir

• Barrage

• Typical Intake Structure of Irrigation and Hydropower

Plant

5

5. Hydraulic Modeling

• Physical Modeling- Design of Physical Models

• Dimensional Analysis

• Numerical Modeling in Open Channel Flow

3

Experimental Studies (13 horus)

1. Laboratory Experiments on Pipe Flow 5

2. Laboratory Experiments on Open Channel Flow 5

3. Laboratory Experiments on Sediment Transport 3

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment, Quizes)- 30%

Assignments, Laboratory Reports and Group Works- 20%


References:

i. Open channel hydraulics by V. T. Chow, McGraw Hill International Book Company

(1985).

ii. Flow in Open Channels by K. Subramanya. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New

Delhi.

iii. Flow through Open Channels by K. G. Ranga Raju. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.,

New Delhi.

iv. Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering by Andrew Chadwick, John

Morfett and Martin Borthwick.

v. Mechanics of Sediment Transportation and Alluvial Stream Problems by R. J.

Garde and K. G. Ranga Raju.

Role of Water in Productive Activities

(IWM 613.3)

Course Objective:

Water uses in food and energy production are the most significant productive uses of water

though other uses, such as, those relating to fisheries, recreational and industrial uses also have

significant contribution to local economy and livelihood. These uses are subjected to increasing

competition resulting from water scarcity and also the technological innovations that different

uses have been undergoing over time. The challenge therefore is to look for sustainable

management of water in different uses ensuring equitable access to water and its benefits now

and for future generations. The objective of the course is to develop comprehensive

understanding on productive water uses involving consumptive and non-consumptive uses, their

livelihood linkages and economic implications and ways and means of enhancing the efficiency

and productivity of water use.

Expected Learning Outcomes:


i. Identify the determinants of water productivity in agricultural, hydropower, industrial,

fisheries and tourism and recreational uses.

ii. Develop understanding on the options of technologies and their relevance for different

productive uses.

iii. Quantify the forward and backward linkages of different productive uses to economy and

livelihood of the people at the local, regional and national level.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

I. Productivity of Water in Irrigated Agriculture (20 hours)

1. Irrigation Productivity

• Determinants of Irrigation Productivity

• Factors of Agricultural Production and Role of Irrigation

• Characteristics of Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Agriculture

• Water Production Function in Irrigated Agriculture

• Evolution of Cropping System and Production Technology

in Irrigated Agriculture

• Role of Research, Extension and Related Support Services

in Agricultural Productivity Enhancement

• History of Irrigated Agriculture in Nepal and in the

Neighboring countries

3

2. Options of Technologies for Irrigation

• Surface Gravity Irrigation

• Groundwater Irrigation

• Pressurized Irrigation

3

• Non-Conventional Irrigation

• Characteristics and Adaptability of Different Irrigation

Technologies

3. Forward and Backward Linkages of Irrigation in Irrigated

Agricultural System

• Contribution of Irrigation in Agricultural and Non-

Agricultural Sectors

• Role of Irrigation in Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood

Improvement

• On-Farm and Off-Farm Employment Generation

• Industrialization

2

4. Water Use Efficiency in Irrigated Agriculture: Significance and

Options for Improvement

• Sources of Water Losses in Irrigated Agriculture

• Attainable Efficiencies in Surface and Groundwater

Irrigation Schemes

• Role of On-Farm Water Management for Enhanced Water

Use Efficiency

• Role of Land Development and Agricultural Technologies

in Enhancing Water Use Efficiency

2

5. Assessing Water Productivity in Irrigated Agriculture

• Cost of Production in Irrigated and Non-Irrigated

Agricultural System

• Analysis of Irrigation Productivity in Surface, Groundwater,

Pressurized and Non-Conventional Irrigation

• Water Productivity in Subsistence and Commercial

Agriculture

4

6. Policy Reforms in Sustaining/Enhancing Irrigation Productivity in

Nepal

• Modernization of Irrigation Infrastructure- FMIS, AMIS

• Groundwater Irrigation Development

• Participatory Irrigation Management

• Integrated Crop and Water Management

• Integrated Water Resources Management

3

7. Irrigation Management

• Objectives of Irrigation Management

• Irrigation Management Activities

• Types of Management and their Linkages with Irrigation

Systems

• Irrigation Governance

• Water Rights and Water Conflict

• Gender Dimension of Irrigation

• Equity Issue in Irrigation

• Water Pricing and Irrigation Service Fee

• Private Sector Involvement in Irrigation

5

II. Water Productivity in Hydropower (21 hours)

1. Introduction

• Basic concept of energy and electricity

• Sources of Energy Production

• Hydropower

• Utilization of Hydropower

3

2. Hydropower Development in Nepal

• Potential of Hydropower Development

• History of Hydropower Development

• Achievements in Hydropower Development

• Policies and Constraints

3

3. Working Principle and Components

• General Concepts of Load Factor, Plant Factor, Capacity

Factor and Load Distribution

• Civil and Electro-Mechanical Components in Micro, Small,

Medium and Large Hydropower Projects

• Concepts of Design and Operational Needs

4

4. Transmission System

• Concept of Transmission Including Voltage and Circuits

• Transmission Procedure

• Grid Concepts

• Design and Management Parameters

3

5. Economic and Financial Evaluation

• Micro-Hydropower System

• Small Hydropower System

• Medium Hydropower System

• Large Hydropower System

3

6. Power Tariff

• Concept of Power Tariff

• Process and Principles of Regulatory Review

• Process of Tariff Approval

• Special Considerations in Tariff Settings

• Consumer Tariff

2

7. Public, Private and Community Participation in Hydropower

Development

1

8. Legal and Policy Regimes in Hydropower Development 1

9. Power Trade 1

III. Water Productivity in Industrial, Tourism, Fishery and Recreational Uses (4 hours)

1. Water Productivity in Industrial Uses 1

2. Water Productivity in Tourism 1

3. Water Productivity in Fishery 1

4. Water Productivity in Recreational Water Uses 1

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term and Assessment)- 30%

Assignments and Term Paper- 20%


References:

i. Hill irrigation: Water and development in mountain agriculture by Linden Vincent,

Intermediate Technology Publication, London (1995).

ii. Getting the process right: Improving irrigation management with farmer organization and

participation, by Norman Uphoff, Cornell University, Ithaca (1986)

iii. Managing canal irrigation by Robert Chambers, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta (1988)

iv. The Agricultural Groundwater Revolution: Opportunities and Threats to Development –

M. Diordano and K.G. Villholth (editors), 2007. CABI in association with IWMI.

v. Human Development Report 2006. Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global

Water Crisis – UNDP.

vi. The World’s Water 2006-2007: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources – Gleick,

David Katz, Emily Lee, Heather Cooley, 2006, Island Press.

vii. Water for Food Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in

Agriculture by David Molden (ed.). IWMI (2007)

Society and Water: Public Health, Livelihood and Ecosystem

(IWM 614.3)

Course Objective:

Water is critically related to health, livelihood and wellbeing of the people. Also, water is a part

and product of ecosystem and hence critical element in the ecosystem services. Therefore, water

development initiative must take into considerations the health and livelihood consequences and

must ensure ecosystem integrity in order achieve sustainable and equitable water resources

development agenda. These considerations have become still more important in the context of

changing paradigm and global discourse on integrated water resources management. This course

addresses these issues in the context of water sector development and its societal and ecosystem

linkages.

Intended Learning Outcomes:


i. Establish linkages of water to health, livelihood and wellbeing of the people.

ii. Analyze water as a product of ecosystem services and hence the need of maintaining

ecosystem integrity.

iii. Analyze the health and livelihood consequences resulting from water resources

degradation, especially those relating to water pollution

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (35 hours)

1. Water Quality Concerns

• Water Quality Parameters

• Surface and Groundwater Quality Concerns

• Effects of Water Quality on Health and Environment

• Water Borne Diseases and Health Problems

• Water Quality Standards

• Water Quality Monitoring

• Water Sampling and Quality Analysis

• Water Treatment

5

2. Water Quantity Concerns in Public Health and Sanitation

• Surface and Underground Water Sources

• Hydraulics of Water Conveyance and Distribution in

Water Supply System

• Estimation of Water Supply and Demand

• Assessment and Forecasting of Water Demand

5

3. Waste and Waste Water Management and Sewerage Treatment

• Management of Solid and Liquid Wastes and Waste

4

Water from domestic, urban, industrial and hospital

sources.

• Management of Storm Water

• Sewerage Treatment

4. Participatory Processes in Water Supply and Sanitation

• Communication Skills for Improved Management

System

• Community/Social Mobilization

• Participatory Management of Water Supply and

Sanitation Systems

3

5. Ecosystem Functions and Services**

• Concepts of Ecology, Ecosystem Functions and

Systems

• Food Chain and Food Webs

• Concept of Carrying Capacity

• Biodiversity

• Characteristics of Fresh Water Environment

• Ecosystem Services

• Valuation of Ecosystem Services

5

6. Livelihood

• Agrarian Economy and Livelihood in Nepal

• Elements of Livelihood Diversification and

Transformation

• Pattern of Livelihood Transformation in Nepalese

Society

• Livelihood Linkages to Ecosystem Services

5

7. Environmental Impacts of Water Sector Development Projects

• Hydrological and Water Quality Impacts

• Ecological and Biological Impacts

• Social and Cultural Impacts

• Landscape Changes

• Human Health Impacts

• Livelihood Impacts

4

8. Society-Natural Resources Interaction**

• Social Forestry

• Irrigation

• Biodiversity Conservation

• Indigenous Ecological Knowledge

• Collaborative Natural Resources Management

4

Experimental Studies (10 hours)

Water Quality Analysis

Waste Water Analysis

5

5

Field Studies

Case Study Development on Health and Livelihood One day in field

Consequences Resulting from Water Quality Degradation ** These topics added/modified based on Staff Training on Water and Ecosystem organized in Kathmandu

during November 25-December 3, 2008.

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment, Class Tests)- 30%

Term-Paper, Case Studies, Group Work and Presentation- 20%


References:

i. Sustainable livelihoods: Distance Learning Guide, DFID, UK (www.livelihoods.org)

ii. Ecology and agroecosystems edited by Bunce, R.H.G., Ryszkowski,L. and Paoletti, M.G,

Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo (1993)

iii. Water for Life: Water Management and Environmental Policy by James L. Westcoat,

Gilbert F. White. Cambridge University Press (2003).

iv. Environmental Hydrology by Andy D. Ward, Stanley Trimble. 2nd

Edition, Lewis

Publishers.

v. Groundwater in the Environment: An Introduction by Paul L. Younger, 2nd

Edition,

Blackwell Publishing Limited.

vi. Participatory Research in Conservation and Rural Livelihoods: Doing Science Together

by Fortmann L. (ed.). Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell (2008).

vii. Collaborative Environmental Management by Koontz, T.M., T.A. Steelman, J. Carmin,

K. Smith Korfmacher, C. Moseley, and C.W. Thomas.Washington D.C.: RFF Press

(2004)

viii. Making Collaboration Work by Wondolleck, J. and S. Yaffee. Washington D.C.:

Island Press (2000).

ix. Freshwater Ecology (Concepts and Environmental Applications) by Walter K.

Dodds.

x. Payment for Ecosystem Services by Pushpam Kumar and Roldan Muradian. Oxford

University Press (2008).

xi. Biodiversity, Land Use Change and Human Wellbeing by Kanchan Chopra, Preeti

Kapuria and Pushpam Kumar. Oxford University Press (2009).

xii. Environment, Sustainable Development and Wellbeing by M.N. Murt. Oxford University

Press (2009).

EIA and GIS Application in Water Resources

(IWM 615.3)

Course Objective:

Geographic Information System (GIS) has emerged as a strong tool in the analysis of

geographically referenced information and such this has wider applications in the analysis,

development and management of water resources systems. Assessment of the positive as well as

negative impacts of water development programs, and ensuring the corrective measures as an

integral part of development planning, has been made mandatory to all water sector development

programs. The value of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is therefore established

globally as a planning as well as decision making tool. This course is focused to application of

EIA and GIS in the context of water sector development projects.


Upon studying this course the students are expected to:

i. Undertake EIA of water sector projects independently.

ii. Apply GIS in carrying out relevant analysis with regards to natural resources

management in general and water resources systems in particular.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (35 hours)

1. Concepts of EIA

• Development and Basic Principles of IEE and EIA

• Basic Concepts

• Processes of IEE and EIA

• Subject Oriented Requirements

5

2. Requirements of EIA for Water Sector Development Projects

• Dams and Reservoirs

• Irrigation Projects

• Hydropower Projects

• Water Supply and Sanitation Projects

• Industrial Water Use

• Other Water Sector Projects

7

3. EIA Methodologies

• Screening and Scoping

• Checklist Matches

• Network Overlay Mapping

• Benefit/Cost (B/C) Analysis

• Impact Identification

10

• Measurement

• Interpretation

• Evaluation and Communication

4. Introduction to GIS

• Fundamental Concepts

• Scope and Application in Water Resources

• Overview of GID Software and Hardware

2

5. Raster Data Structure and Input

• Data Types- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio

• Methods of Data Input- Manual, Digitizing, Scanning

• Creating Thematic Data Layers

• Digitizing Rules

• Data Management

3

6. Vector GIS and Data Management

• Storing Spatial Data in Vector GIS

• Representing Multiple Features

• Digitizing Rules and Steps

• Digitizing Errors and Correcting Spatial Data

3

7. Database Management and Analysis

• Coordinate System for Multi-Coverage Database

• Real-World Coordinate System

• Retrieval and Classification of Data

• Measurements- Distance, Area, Perimeter and Slope

• Overlay Operations

• Neighborhood Operations

• Network Functions

• GIS Outputs

5

Field Exercises

1. EIA/IEE of Hydropower Projects Half day

2. EIA/IEE of Irrigation Projects Half day

3. EIA/IEE of Water Supply and Sanitation Projects Half day

Laboratory Exercises

1. GIS Based Project Works Relating to Relevant Water Issues 10 hours

Evaluation Scheme:

Class Participation- 10%

Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment, Class Tests)- 30%

Group Works, Assignments and Presentation- 20%


References

i. Sabins J.R. (latest edition). Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. W.H. Freeman

and Co.

ii. Heywood, Ian, Corenelius Sarah and Carver Steve. 1999. An Introduction to Geographic

Information System. Addison-Wesley-Longman

iii. Chrisman Nicholas. 1997. Exploring Geographic Information System. John Wiley &

Sons.

iv. Shultz, G.A. and Engman E.T. 2000. Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water

Management. Springer, New York.

v. E.C. Barret and L.F. Curtis (latest edition) Introduction to Environmental Remote

Sensing. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

vi. H.S. Chem (latest edition). Space Remote Sensing System: An Introduction. Academic

Press, New York.

vii. I.M. Lillesand and R.W. Keifer (latest edition). Remote Sensing and Image

Interpretation. John Wiley & Sons.

viii. Handbook of Environmental Decision Making in India by O.V. Nandimath. Oxford


ix. Environmental Impact Assessment: Theory and Practice by Wathern P. Unwin Hyman

Publishers. London (1988).

x. Environmental Impact Assessment by R.R. Barthwal. New Age International, New Delhi

(2002).

xi. Environmental Impact Assessment: Process and Practice by Batu Krishna Upreti.

Publisher Mrs. Uttara Upreti, Kathmandu (2003)

Presentation Writing and Reporting Skills

(IWM 616.2)

Course Objective:

Writing and reporting are the essential skills on part of the water professionals, needed in their

day to day responsibilities and also in making formal presentations in the meetings, conferences

and symposia. The objective of the course is to equip the students with the needed knowledge

and skills of technical writing and reporting so that they could prepare and present scientific

writings with confidence.


Upon studying this course, the students are expected to be able to:

i. Carryout bibliographical reviews in the library.

ii. Develop term paper, technical paper and research proposals independently.

iii. Make effective presentations in seminar, conferences and symposia.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hour

Lecture (16 hours)

1. Importance and Scope of Writing and Reporting 1

2. Bibliographical Reviews

• Purpose of Literature Review

• Elements of Literature Review

• Steps in Literature Review

• Making Notes

2

3. Forms of Technical and Scientific Writing

• Popular Article

• Technical Article

• Research Paper

• Research Proposal

• Technical Reports

• Term Paper

• Thesis and Dissertation

• Formal Correspondences and Memoranda

3

4. Elements of Technical Writing

• Functions and Structure of Sentences

• Development of Coherent Paragraphs

• Choices and Arrangement of Words- Principle of

Proximity, Clinches, Figurative Languages, Words

Causing Confusion

• Common Grammatical Problems and Errors

4

• Importance of Illustrations

• Use of Punctuations

• Writing Styles and Qualities

5. Components of Technical Manuscripts

• Organization of Text

• Presentation of Illustrative Materials

• Preparation of Draft

• Proof Reading

3

6. Presentation in Technical Forums

• Types of Forum and their Purposes

• Public Speaking

• Group Discussion

• Facing Interview Board

• Making Technical Presentations in Seminar and

Conferences

• Use of Audio-Visuals and Multimedia

3

Class Exercises (14 hours)

1. Library Search and Note Making 2

2. Preparation of Bibliography 2

3. Writing Term Paper 2

4. Writing Scientific/Technical Paper 2

5. Writing Research Proposal 3

6. Group Discussion 3

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment)- 20%

Assignments and Presentation- 30%


References:

i. Writing for Change:An interactive guide to effective writing , Writing for science and

writing for advocacy , Alan Barker and Firoze Manji , IDRC/ Fahamu 2000

ii. How to write and publish a scientific paper , 5th

edition Robert A Day., Oryx Press

iii. Reporting Technical Information by K.W. Hope and T.E. Pearsall. V edition. Macmillan

Publishing Co., New York

iv. Effective Technical Communication by Anne Eisenberg. McGraw Hill Publishing Co.

v. Thesis Writing: Manual for All Researchers by Abdul Rahim. New Age International P.

Ltd. New Delhi

Economics of Water Resources Management

(IWM 621.3)

Course Objective:

The economic implications of water sector continue to dominate the decision making at the

household, community, regional and national levels. The economic considerations have become

still more important considering the growing complexities of water use and increasing scarcity

and uncertainties in occurrence and distribution of water. This demands that the water

professionals must have solid grounding on water resources economics. This course is designed

to present and apply economic theories to water management problems, such as, valuation,

pricing, allocation and stakeholders' interaction.


Upon completion of this course the students are expected to be able to:

i. Understand the micro and macro economic theories and their application to water sector

management problems and decision making.

ii. Develop quantitative skills with regards to valuation of natural resources, pricing of water

services and evaluation of economic efficiency of water sector projects.

iii. Develop skills on optimal allocation models for application in integrated river basin

planning.

Course Contents:

S/N Topics Hours

Lecture (35 hours)

1. Introduction

• Nature and Scope of Economics

• Economic Elements and Structures

• Micro Vs. Macro Economics

• Introduction to Environmental Economics

• Basic Concept of Supply and Demand and Price

Mechanism

• Economic efficiency

5

2. Micro Economic Theory

• Introduction

• Profit Maximization and Cost Minimization

• Theory of Consumer Behavior- Utility, Choice, Demand,

Duality

• Theory of Market Structures (Competitive and Non-

Competitive Markets)

6

3. Macro Economic Theory

• International Economics- Capital Flows, Exchange

5

Rates, Business Cycle Theory

• Growth Theories- Solow model, New Growth Theory,

Infinite Horizons and Overlapping Generation Models)

4. Water Resources Economics

• Valuation Techniques- Water Trade and Value Theory,

Market Failures, Non-Market Valuation Methods,

Economic Rents

• Optimal Allocation- Marginal Net Benefit Functions,

Opportunity Costs, Economic Efficiency, Water

Transfers

• Water Pricing- Water Charges, Objectives of Rate

Setting, Decision Support System for Water Pricing,

Taxation, Polluters Pays Principle, Economic Theory of

Pricing

12

5. Managerial Resource Economics**

• Review of Free Market Economic System

• Market Failures

• Economics of Common Property Resource

Management

• Economics of Renewable and Non-Renewable Water

Management

7

Case Studies/Analysis (10 hours)

Case Studies and Analysis of Relevant Cases in Classes 10 ** These topics added/modified based on Staff Training on Water and Economics organized under CB Project in

New Delhi on March9-17, 2008.

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment, Quizes)- 30%

Case Studies and Assignments- 20%


References:

i. Water Resource Economics – Ronald C. Griffin. MIT Press.

ii. Economic Valuation of Water Quality – John C. Bergstrom, Kevin Boyle, Greg Poe

(Editors) 2001. Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.

iii. Economics of Water Management in Developing Countries: Problems, Principles and

Policies – Phoebe Kaudouri-Pittis (editor), 2003. Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.

iv. Determining the Economic Value of Water: Concepts and Methods – Robert A. Young,

2005. Resources for the Future (Publisher).

v. Water Market: Priming the Invisible Pump – Terry, L. Anderson, Pamela Snyder, 1997.

CATO Institute.

vi. Principle of Microeconomics by Dominick Salvatore. Oxford University Press (2009).

vii. Microeconomics by Frank Cowell. Oxford University Press (2007).

viii. Leading Issues in Economic Development (eighth edition) by Gerald M. Meier

and James E. Rouch. Oxford University Press (2005).

ix. Development Economics by Yujiro Hayami and Yoshihisa Godo. Oxford University

Press (2005).

x. A New Institutional Approach to Economic Development by Satu Kohkenon and Mansur

Olson. SAGE Publications (2001).

Gender, Water and Social Inclusion

(IWM 622.2)

Course Objective:

Social differentials influence the development processes and their outcomes in big ways in

Nepalese society. In water sector development and management social differentials, resulting

from caste, class and gender, influence the equity in access to resources and benefit sharing.

Therefore understanding the social differentials and ways and means of inclusive planning and

development is key to achieving equitable water resources agenda. The objectives of this course

is to understand the history and theories of social inclusion, gender linkages to water, gender

analysis and mainstreaming gender concerns in water sector development programs.



i. Appreciate the social differentials existing in the Nepalese society and need of addressing

them for inclusive development.

iii. Understand the links between gender and water and integrating gender concerns in water

sector development relating to agricultural, domestic, industrial and other uses.

iv. Apply tools for gender analysis and mainstreaming gender concerns in integrated water

resources management.

Course Contents:

S/N Topics Hours

Lecture (23 Hours)

1. Social Differentials in Nepalese Society**

• Historical and Cultural Contexts of Social Differentials

• Attributes of Social Differentials

• Inequalities Resulting from Social Differentials

2

2. Social Inclusion

• Social Inclusion in Development Agenda

• Approaches to social inclusion

2

3. Concept of Gender

• Gender Definition and Related Terminology

• Differences between Sex and Gender

• Gender Concerns in Water Sector

1

4. Gender Relationship**

• Intra-household relationship- bargaining power,

access/control,

• Gender bias in Agrarian Institution

• Sex Role Stereotyping

• Influence of Social Institutions (Case, Culture and Religion)

4

in Gender Stereotyping

• Cooperation and Conflict

5. Feminist Thought and Gender Approach to Development

(WID,WAD, GAD), Welfare, Equity, Anti Poverty, Efficiency,

Empowerment, Right Based Approach

2

6. Gender Analysis

• Concept

• Approach- Gender Auditing, Gender Impact Assessment,

Gender Budgeting

• Exercises

3

7. Empowerment and Gender Mainstreaming

• Empowerment Concept and Approach

• Gender Mainstreaming- What and How?

3

8. Gender and Water

• Concept of Gender Mainstreaming

• Global Trends in Gender and Water

• Gender Bias in Technology

• Social Organization of Technology

• Technology Shaping the Society/Gender Relation

• Gender Issues in Agricultural Water Use

• Gender Issues in Domestic Water Use

• Gender Issues in Industrial Water Use

4

9. Policies and Water Rights 2

Case Studies (9 hours)

1 Case Studies Orientation 1

2 Case Study Assignment and Supervision 8 ** These topics added based on Staff Training on Gender and Water organized under CB Project in Pune during

October 3-12, 2007.

Evaluation Scheme:

Attendance and Class Participation- 10%

Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment)- 30%



References:

i. Ararwal B. (1994). A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia.

South Asian Studies 58. Cambridge University Press.

ii. Agarwal B. (1997). The Gender and Environment Debate: Lessons from India. In The

Women Gender and Development Reader, Vishwanathan et al. (ed.). Zed Book

Publisher, London.

iii. Boelens, R. and M. Zwarteveen (2002). Gender Dimensions of Water Control in

Andean Irrigation. In Water Rights and Empowerment, R. Boelens and P.

Hoogendam (eds.).

iv. Manandhar L.K. and Krishna B. Bhattachan (2001). Gender and Democracy in Nepal.

Central Department of Home Science, Women Studies Program. Tribhuvan

University and Friedrich-Eber-Stiftung.

v. Sen, Amartya K. (1990). Gender and Cooperative Conflicts. In Persistent Ineaulities,

Inker Irene (ed.). Oxford University Press.

vi. Shiva, V. (1988). Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development. Zed Books,

London.

vii. Social Power and Everyday Class Relations by Anand Chakravorti. SAGE

Publications.

viii. The Politics of Gender, Community and Modernity by Nita Kumar. Oxford


ix. Unequal Citizens by Zoya Hasan and Ritu Menon. Oxford University Press (2006).

x. Gender, Caste and Religious Identities by Anshu Malhotra. Oxford University Press.

xi. Social Stratification by Dipankar Gupta. Oxford University Press (1997).

Conflict in Water Management

(IWM 503.3)

Course Objective:

The development of water systems and diversification of water uses have resulted to emergence

of conflicts of different forms. Water can be managed effectively if conflicts related to water are

addressed adequately. The water professionals therefore need good understanding of the nature

and types of conflicts, issues and actors involved conflict and approaches to conflict

management. The course is designed to provide good understanding of conflict and violence and

the different aspects of conflict transformation and peace building to address conflicts in water

resource management effectively.



i. Understand the sources of conflicts in natural resources management, different aspects of

conflict transformation and peace building, conflict and violence and restorative justice.

ii. Understand the theories of conflict in water management, conflict dynamics and the

principle of mediation and negotiation in conflict.

iii. Develop skills to analyze conflicts using such tools as conflict mapping, stages of

conflict, the conflict tree, ABC triangle etc.

iv. Enhance knowledge and skill to build strategies to address conflict.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Lecture Hours

Lecture (31 hours)

1. Basic Concepts

• Understanding Conflict and Violence

• Conflict Transformation and Peace Building

• Restorative Justice in Conflict Transformation and

Peace Building

• Critical Issues in Conflict- Power, Culture, Rights,

Identity

4

2. Conflicts in Natural Resources

• Sources of Conflict

• Stages of Conflict Manifestation

• Actors involved in Conflict

• Conflict Theories- Human Needs Theory, The Nested

Theory of Conflict, Identity Theory, Conflict

Transformation Theory

5

3. Conflicts in Water Sectors**

• Dispute at the Source

6

• Conflicts from Water Allocation to Multiple Uses

(Drinking Water, Irrigation, Hydropower, Effluent

Discharge etc.)

• Compensation for Damage

• Conflicts Emerging from Entitlement and Use Rights

• Transboundary Conflicts

• Conflict Emerging from Choices of Technology

• Transfer to Water Conflict to Broader Social and

Political Conflict

4. Conflict Analysis Tools

• Stages of Conflict

• Conflict Mapping

• Conflict Tree

• ABV Trainable

• Other Tools

6

5. Building Strategies to Address Conflict

• Techniques in Disputer Resolution

• Skills in Conflict Resolution

• Working with Options

• Criteria and Standards

3

6. Negotiation

• Negotiation Styles

• Negotiation Process

• Negotiation Skills

• Translating Rhetoric into Operational Strategy

• Roles of Mediator

• Characteristics of Successful Negotiation

• Common Errors in Negotiation

4

7. Consensus Building and Public Participation 3

Class Exercises and Case Studies (14 hours)

1. Role Plays 4

2. Case Analysis 10 ** These modules added based on Staff Training on Water and Rights organized in Kathmandu, Nepal during

January 5-12, 2010.

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment and Quizes)- 30%

Assignments, Class Works and Case Studies- 20%


References:

i. The Rule of Water by David Mosse. Oxford University Press (2004).

ii. Conflict Management in Natural Resources: A Study of Land, water and Forest Conflicts

in Nepal by Bishnu Raj Upreti (2001).

iii. Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia’s International Rivers: A Legal Perspective by

Salman, S. M. A. and Uprety, K. The World Bank, Washington DC., 2002.

iv. Hierarchy and Discontents by Steven M. Parish. Oxford University Press (2008).

v. Negotiation and Social Space by Carla Risseeuw and Kamala Ganesh. SAGE

Publications (1998).

Readings:

i. The Little Book of Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding, Howard Zehr.

ii. The Little Book of Restorative Justice, Howard Zehr.

iii. Restorative Justice, Issues, Values and Debates, Gerry Johnstone.

iv. Working with conflict – skills, strategies and action, Simon Fisher et.al.

v. Getting Past No – Negotiating your way from confrontation to cooperation.

vi. The Strategy of Non Violence Defense – A Gandian Approach, Robert J. Burrowers.

vii. Essay Series Martin Luther King Jr.

viii. Preventing Violence, James Gilligan

Legal and Policy Dimensions of Water Management

(IWM 624.3)

Course Objective:

Law is an important instrument in managing water resources equitably. Policies set the course of

action and are embodied into the legislative acts and judicial decisions. Policies together with

laws create the synergy in defining, deciding and if needed intervening for just and equitable

water use. This course aims to make students aware of different principles of jurisprudence as

they apply to water, statutory, customary and international laws and policy regimes.



i. Understand the genesis of water law, contemporary development and changing

perspectives in water laws in Nepal and elsewhere.

ii. Appreciate the basis of realizing and safeguarding water rights and role of jurisprudence

and the state thereto.

iii. Understand international water course laws and their application in addressing

transboundary water conflicts.

Course Contents

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (35 hours)

1. Introduction to Water Law**

• Genesis of Water Law

• Eastern Water Law- Riparianism

• Western Water Law- Prior Appropriation and

Restriction of Riparian Rights

• Customary Laws

• Contemporary Developments in Water Laws

• Changing Perspectives

6

2. Acquiring Appropriation Rights**

• Diversion and Storage

• In-Stream Uses

• Beneficial Uses

• Discouraging Waste

• Groundwater Appropriation- Groundwater and

Surface Water Interconnections, Overdraft and

Groundwater Mining

5

3. State's Roles in Safeguarding Appropriation Rights**

• Public Trust Limits on Existing Appropriations

6

• Transfer of Appropriation Rights in Public Interest

• State Regulatory and Judicial Takings

• Quantity-Quality Integration

• State Leasing

• Record Keeping and Adjudications

• Water Organizations

4. International Water Courses Law

• Principles of International Water Law

• Sources of International Water Law

• International Water Disputes

• International Judicial and Arbitral Decisions

• International Water Law Reforms and Efforts

5

5. Nepalese Water Laws 4

6. Problems and Prospects of Nepalese Water Resources

• Potential of Nepal Water Resources

• Existing Uses of Nepalese Water Resources

• Tranboundary Issues

• Relations with Other Countries and Regional

Cooperation

• Issues of Downstream Benefits

5

7. National Water Resources Policy

• Review of Existing Policies

• Framework of National Water Resources Strategy

• Elements of National Water Resources Strategy and

their Relevance

4


Case Studies and Analysis 10 ** These modules added based on Staff Training on Water and Rights organized in Kathmandu during January

5-12, 2010.

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Tests (Mid-Term, Assessment and Class Tests)- 30%

Assignments, Term Paper and Case Studies- 20%


References

i. Conflict and cooperation on South Asia’s international rivers: A legal perspective by

Salman, S. M. A. and Uprety, K., The World Bank, Washington DC., 2002

ii. Water Conflicts in South Asia by Umesh Parajuli, M. Miah, Khalilur Rahman,

George Verghese, Somnath Mukherjee, and Shahid Hamid, Gloable Environment and

Energy in the 21st Century, Honoluly, USA, 2004

iii. UN conventions on international waters

iv. International watercourse law and its Application in South Asia by Trilocahn Upreti,

Pairavi Prakashan, Kathmandu, 2006.

v. Handbook of Environmental Law by P.B. Sahasranaman. Oxford University Press

(2009).

vi. Philosphy of Law by Jeffrie G. Murphy and Jules L. Colman. Oxford University

Press (2004).

vii. Water and the Laws in India by Ramaswami Iyer. SAGE Publications (2009).

viii. Water Law in India by Chatrapati Singh. Indian Law Institute, New Delhi.

ix. Water Rights and Principles of Water Resources Management by Chattrapati Singh.

Indian Law Institute, New Delhi.

x. Water Law and Transboundary Watercourses by Patricia Wouters. IWA Publishing,

London.

xi. Hydrology and Water Law: Bridging the Gap by J. Wallace and P Wouters. IWA

Publishing, London.

xii. The Evolution of Law and Politics of Water by Joseph W. Dellepenna and Joyeeta

Gupta. Springer, New York.

xiii. Water Law for the Twenty-First Century- National and International Aspects of

Water Law in India by Philippe Cullet, Alix Gowland-Gualtieri, Roopa Madhav and

Usha Ramnathan. Routledge.

Water Induced Disaster and Risk Management

(IWM 711.3)

Course Objective:

In recent decades water induced disasters have been more pervasive. These disasters not only

affect the livelihood of the people at the local level but these also have far reaching economic

implications at the regional as well as national levels. This course aims to provide theoretical and

analytical understanding relating to different forms of water induced disasters and use them as

bases in assessing risk and vulnerability and developing mitigation measures and adaptation

strategies.



i. Develop understanding on different forms of water induced, including those resulting

from climate extremities and uncertainties, and analyze their impacts at the local and

national level.

ii. Learn the analytical techniques relating to risk and vulnerability analyses for water

induced disasters of different forms and hence develop mitigation measures thereto.

iii. Propose management strategies to deal with different forms of water induced disasters.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (39 hours)

1. Fundamentals of Disaster Management

• Disaster Types

• Phases of Disasters

• Meaning, Significance and Interrelationship among

Risk, Hazard and Vulnerability

• Dominant and Alternative Perspectives

• Scope of Disaster Management

• Water Induced Disaster Risks in the Global and

Nepalese Context

4

2. Climate Hazards

• Hydrologic Variability and Extremes

• Rainfall- Normal, High, Deficient

• Cyclones

• Snow and Glacial Processes

• GLOF

• Drought

• Impacts of Fog and Cold Waves on Health and

Agriculture

4

3. Land Use Change and Impacts

• Causes of Land Use and Land Cover Changes

• Need of Land Use Plan for Rural and Urban Land Uses

• Changes in the Hydrologic Processes Resulting from

Land Use and Land Cover Changes

• Water Induced Disasters Resulting from Land Use and

Land Cover Changes

3

4. Landslide and Mass Wasting

• Causes of Landslide and Mass Wasting

• General Characteristics

• Predictability

• Landslide Hazard Grading and Mapping

3

5. Soil Erosion

• Causes Soil Erosion

• Forms of Soil Erosion

• On-Site and Off-Site Consequences

• Prevention and Control

3

6. Floods

• Definition and Types

• Flood Risk and Uncertainties

• Bed and Bank Cutting

• Flash Flood and Bishyari

• Fluvial Sedimentation Process

• Urban Flood and Consequences

4

7. Drought

• Types and Frequency of Drought

• Consequences of Drought at the Local and National

Level

• Preparedness Against Drought

3

7. Hazard Assessment

• Hazard Types

• Concepts of Hazard Assessment

• Frequency Assessment

• Frequency-Magnitude Relationship

• Examples of hazard assessment.

3

8. Risk Assessment

• Classification of Buildings, Infrastructure, Lifelines and

Critical Facilities

• Population Information

• Development of Risk Database (footprint map, census

data and LiDAR)

• Loss Estimation Models

• Qualitative Risk Assessment

• Selection of Risk Assessment Methods for Floods,

3

Landslides and Drought

9. Vulnerability Assessment

• Types of Vulnerability- Social Vulnerability, Physical

Vulnerability

• Development and Analysis of Vulnerability Curves

• Methods of Vulnerability Assessment

• Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis for Vulnerability

Assessment

• Community Perception of Disaster Risk and

Vulnerability

4

10. Tools of Disaster Risk Management**

• Prevention and Mitigation Tools- Stakeholder Analysis

• Hazard Mitigation, vulnerability reduction and

capacity building plans

• Hazard Scenario Development and Action Planning;

Livelihood diversification; Political intervention;

Public awareness

• Preparedness Tools- Planning the Response,

Establishing Organizational Structures for Each

Phase of the Disaster

• Establishment of End to End Early Warning System

• Tools of Post-Disaster Management

• Emergency Response management

5

Class Works (6 hours)

1. Case Analysis on Water Induced Hazard, Risk and

Vulnerability

6

Field Works

1. Field Study on Flood Risk and Vulnerability Assessment in and

around Kathmandu

Half day

2. Field Study on Land Slide Risk and Vulnerability Assessment

in and around Kathmandu

Half day

** Module added based on Staff Training on Climate Change in Water Organized under CB Project in Dhaka,

Bangladesh during August 2-9, 2009.

Evaluation Scheme:



Assignments and Case Analysis - 10%

Group Works and Class Presentation- 10%


References:

i. Slope Instability. D. Brundsen and D.B. Prior (eds.). John Riley. 1984.

ii. National Water Plan, HMG/N, WECS

iii. Water Induced Hazards. Irasawa, M., Fujita,M., Hiramatsu, S. and Kubota, T.

iv. Landslide hazard mapping along major highways of Nepal: a reference to road building

and maintenance, Yatabe, R., Bhandary, N.P. & Bhattarai, D. (eds.). Ehime University,

Japan and Nepal Engineering College, Nepal. 2005.

v. The role of extreme weather events, mass movements, and land-use changes in increasing

natural hazards. A report of the preliminary field assessment and workshop on causes of

the recent damage incurred in south-central Nepal (July 19-20, 1993), ICIMOD, ISBN

92-9115-175-0.

Integrated Water Resource Management

(IWM 712.3)

Course Objective:

The conventional approach to water development is dominated by sectoral approach. Further, the

development approach is driven by engineering and technology and all other perspectives are

considered peripheral to the planning and development process. Integrated Water Resources

Management demands integration of demand and supplies across different uses in a river basin.

This course aims to discuss the emergence of paradigm of integrated approaches, and use the

above background to discuss the integration as well as contradiction and to develop competency

for handling complex water management issues.


Upon completion of this course, the students are expected to be able to:

i. Develop Good comprehension and insights on the water problems and issues, technical as

well as non-technical, involving integrated management approach.

ii. Identify, formulate and analyze management problems in a given water management

system.

iii. Develop knowledge and skills in practicing and applying methodological tools for

integrated water resources management in solving complex water management problems.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (35 hours)

1. Paradigm Shift in Water Management**

• Global and National Perspectives of Water Crisis

• Water Functions in Life Support System

• Water Availability and Requirements for Humans and

Nature

• Concept of 'Blue Water', 'Green Water', 'Grey Water' and

Virtual Water and their Integration in Water Management

• Human-Landscape Interventions

• Water Management Issues and Challenges

3

2. Sustainability Concerns in Water Resources Management**

• Concept of Sustainable Development

• Sustainability Principles for Water Management

• Goals for Guiding Sustainable Water Resources

Management

• Important Preconditioning in Policies and Approaches

• Framework for Planning Sustainable Water Resources for

Future

4

3. Principles of IWRM

• IWRM Principles

• Concept of Integration

• Historical Context of Water Management and IWRM

• Socio-Technical, Economic, Political and Ecological Factors

Affecting IWRM

• Institutional Arrangement

• Management Instruments

• Participatory Approach and Decentralization

4

4. Status and Management of Water Supplies

• Surface and Groundwater Supplies

• Climate and Hydrological Changes and Uncertainties

• Water Pollution

• Impact of Land Management on Quality and Quantity of

Water

• Catchment Management

5

5. Management of Water Demand

• Assessment of Water Demand

• Water Demand Forecasting

• Water Use Efficiencies

• Water Conservation

• Water Treatment and Reuse

• Risk and Uncertainties Associated to Water Demand

6

6. River Basin Planning and Management

• History of River Basin Management

• Natural River Basin and Transfer System

• Sectoral Water Allocation and Allocation Principles

• Water Retaining Structures

• Climate Change and River Basin Management

• River Basin Institutions and Conflict Management

5

7. Modeling in IWRM

• River Basin Management Models

• Analysis of Behavior of Physical System

• Development of Scenarios and Impact Assessment

• Resource Allocation Plans

5

8. Institutional Arrangement

• Water Related Legislation and Regulation

• Public Sector Institutions

• inter-Agency Coordination

• Empowerment and Participation of Stakeholders

• Data Management and Information System

3

Case Studies and Analysis (10 hours)

Relevant Case Studies from Nepal and Other Countries Involving

Integrated Perspectives in Water Resources Management

10

** These modules adde/modified based on Staff Training on Gender, Water and Equity organized in Pune, India

during October 3-12, 2007 and Staff Training on Ecosystem and Water organized in Kathmandu, Nepal during

November 25-December 3, 2008.

Evaluation Scheme:

Participation and Performance in Class- 10%

Written Tests (Mid-Term, Assessment, Class Tests)- 30%

Assignments and Case Studies- 20%


References

1. Integrated Water Resources Management: Global Theory, Emerging Practice and Local need,

edited by Peter Mollinga, Agaya Dixit, and Kusum Athukorala, Sage Publication, 2006

2. Technical Committee Reports of Global Water Partnerships (GWP) (www.gwpforum.org)

3. Integrated Water Resources Management in South and South-east Asia by Olli Varis, Cecilia

Tortajada and Asit Biswas (editors), 2005, Oxford University Press.

4. Integrated River Basin Management through Decentralization by Karin Kemper, William

Blomquist, Ariel Dinar, 2007. Springer-Verlag NewYork, LLC.

5. Drought and Integrated Water Resources Management in South Asia by Jasveen Jairath and

Vishwa Vallabh. SAGE Publications (2008).

Field Research Methodology

(IWM 713.4)

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is make the students aware of processes in developing

interdisciplinary research and studies, approach to conceiving and developing interdisciplinary

research questions, tools of inquiries and data management and analysis. The course while

focuses on qualitative and quantitative research methods, it also aims to integrate the

participatory tools with the conventional research methods to make the course relevant to field

research initiatives.


Upon completion of the course the students are expected to be able to:

i. Understand the evolution of research methods and methodological paradigms and

qualitative and quantitative divides and integration in research methods in social and

natural sciences.

ii. Appreciate and apply the processes in interdisciplinary research, including farming of

research questions, setting out research hypothesis, identifying and designing appropriate

tools of inquiry and sampling techniques.

iii. Learn the techniques of data management and analysis to derive meaningful results.

iv. Learn and apply participatory field research tools in integration to conventional research

methods.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (40 hours)

1. Interdisciplinarity in Water System Research**

• Conceiving and Practicing Interdisciplinarity

• Key Elements of Research in Water Sector

• Value of Interdisciplinary Research in Water Sector

• Framing Interdisciplinary Research Questions in Water

System Research

5

2. Research Process and Stages

• Literature Review: Bibliographic Reviews and Identifying

Knowledge Gap

• Framing Research Questions

• Setting Research Objectives

• Setting Hypothesis

• Developing Conceptual Frameworks

• Developing Methodological Frameworks

6

2. Qualitative Research

• Subjective and Objective Paradigms in Qualitative Research

6

• Theories of Truth

• Objectivity in Qualitative Research

• Ethics in Qualitative Research

• Methodological Paradigms- Hermeneutics,

Ethnomethodology, Phenomenology, Symbolic

Ineractionism, Naturalistic Inquiry

• Methods of Information Gathering- Participant Observation,

In-depth Interviewing, Case Study, Focus Group Discussion,

Document Review

• Analysis Schemes in Qualitative Research

• Concept Mapping

• Deriving Conclusion

• Validation

3. Quantitative Research

• Development and Construct of Hypothesis

• Variables and their Selection

• Instruments for Measurements

• Levels/Scales of Measurement

• Questionnaire Design- Types of Questionnaire Survey,

Types of Questions, Construct of Questions, Questionnaire

Pre-testing

• Reliability and Validity of Instrument

• Research Design

• Sampling- Types of Sampling, Sample Size, Sampling Errors

8

4. Data Analysis

• Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

• Hypothesis Testing- Criteria for Hypothesis Testing, Errors

in Hypothesis Testing, Level of Significance

• Analysis of Variance

• Regression and Correlation- Simple Linear and Multivariate

8

5. Participatory Research Tools**

• Value of Participatory Research in Natural Resources

Management

• Stakeholder Selection and Diagramming

• Stakeholders’ Analysis: SPQR (Situation-Problem-

Question-Response)

• PRA/PLA Tools

• Ethical Instance in Participatory Research

• Integrating Participatory Research with the Traditional

Research Tools

7

Computer Application in Data Management and Analysis

Hands on Skills with Data Management and Analysis Using SPSS 10

Class and Field Exercises

1. Design of Questionnaire, Pre-Testing and Field Administration 3

2. Completing a Field Research, Presentation and Submission of

Research Report

7

** These modules adde/modified based on Staff Training on Participatory Field Research Methodology

organized under CB Project in Kathmandu during May 6-14, 2008.

.

Evaluation Scheme:

Class Participation and Performance- 10%


Assignments- 10%

Preparation and Presentation of a Research Report- 10%


References:

i. Basic Research Methods in Social Sciences by Julian L. Simon and Paul Burstein.

McGraw Hill Publishing Company.

ii. Research Methodology: Techniques and Trends by Y.K. Singh and R.B. Bajpai.

Vedams Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

iii. A Short Introduction to Social Research by Matt Henn, Mark Weinstein and Nick

Foard. SAGE Publications, New Delhi.

iv. Methodology in Social Research by Partha Nath Mukherji. SAGE Publications, New

Delhi.

Power, Authority and History

(IWM 714.2)

Course Objective:

Access to water to the people has been synonymous to their status in terms of power structure

and hierarchy in most societies. Those with access to power have better access to water and vice-

versa. History reveals that people with power are better represented in staking and realizing the

claims on water. The objective of the course is to make students familiar with the notion of

politics in access to water and allocation, exposition of history and philosophy of the

technological path to water use and management.


Upon studying this course, the students are expected to be able to:

i. Understand the historical context of water sector development in Nepal and elsewhere

and appreciate the value of culture, tradition and power structure in the design and

construction of water systems.

ii. Appreciate the role of social order and hierarchy and power structure influencing the

access, availability and use of water.

iii. Appreciate the notion of political economy of water in water allocation decision making.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (25 hours)

1. Changing Histories of Water

• Concept of Power, Authority and History in Relation to

Water

• Status of Water in Civilization in Ancient, Medieval and

Modern Times

• Water as Private Goods

• Water as Common and Social Goods

• Role of Culture, Tradition and Power on Water System

Design and Construction

5

2. Construction of Water and Social Order

• Relationship Between Distribution, Control and Access to

Water

• Poverty and Social Development

• Inequity and Social Exclusion in Access to Water

4

3. Indigenous Technology in Water Management in Ancient Society

• Water Development Strategies

• Controlled Water Supply

• Water Harvesting and Recharging of the Resources

3

4. Political Economy of Water

• Pattern of Political Economic Control of Water at Local,

National, Regional and International Levels

• Comparative Assessment of Harnessed and Free Flowing

Rivers

• Water and Territorial Dispute

• Institutional frameworks for dispute resolution at local,

national, regional and international levels

6

5. Water Allocation

• Legal Status of Water Users

• Water Allocation Decision on the Basis of Social and

Geographical Boundary

• Sectoral Approach to Water Allocation

• Prioritizing Water Allocation Between Sectors

4

6. Technology Management

• Assessment of Appropriateness

• Technology Transfer and Associated Risks

• Innovation and Diffusion of Technology

3


Case studies and their analysis relevant to social order and power

hierarchy influencing water allocations, technology interventions

and management decisions in societies.

5

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Tests (Mid-Term, Assessment)- 30%

Assignments, Term Paper, Case Analysis- 20%


References: i. Sociology by Giddens, A. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK (1989).

ii. Appraising Sustainable Development by Asit K. Biswas and Cecilia Tortajada. Oxford


iii. The Rule of Water by David Mosse. Oxford University Press (2004).

iv. Power Matters by David Singh Grewal. Oxford University Press (2009).

v. The Governance Discourse by Bidyut Chakrabarty. Oxford University Press (2008).

vi. Decentralization by Satyajit Singh and Pradeep K. Sharma. Oxford University Press

(2007).

vii. The Contested Commons by Pranab Bardhan and Isha Ray. Oxford University Press

(2008).

viii. The Politics of Water Resources Development in India by John R. Wood. SAGE

Publications (2007).

ix. Towards Water Wisdom by Ramaswami Iyer. SAGE Publications (2007).

x. Water Institutions: Policies, Performance and Prospects by Chnnat Gopalkrishnan,

Cecilia Tortajada and Asit K. Biswas. Springer, New York

Groundwater Management (Elective)

(IWM 750.3 E)

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is to provide knowledge and skills relating to groundwater planning,

development and management. The course focuses on such issues as overcharging and

overexploitation of groundwater, pollution and resource augmentation which are important in

developing groundwater development plans and management and governance decisions relating

to groundwater management to a basin level.



i. Develop understanding on groundwater occurrence and movement and groundwater

assessment for safe groundwater exploitation for irrigation and other uses.

ii. Appreciate the externalities in groundwater, including groundwater pollution, affecting

quantity and quality of groundwater.

iii. Plan groundwater development and management at basin scale for sustainable ground

water development.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (50 hours)

1. Groundwater Resource Assessment

• Groundwater Exploration: Reconnaissance Survey, Surface

and Sub-Surface Geophysical Investigations, Test Drilling

• Hydrologic Assessment: Infiltration and Groundwater

Recharge, Water Balance Method, Rainfall-Runoff Models

• Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction

7

2. Fundamentals of Groundwater Flow and Wells

• Basics of Groundwater Flow: Groundwater Occurrence and

Aquifer Properties, Hydraulic Head, Storage Characteristics

• Darcy’s Law: Hydraulic Conductivity, Heterogeneity and

Anisotropy, Aquifer Flow and Transmissivity

• Equations of Groundwater Flow

• Radial Flow to Wells and Pumping Tests

• Types of Wells

• Multiple Well Arrays

8

3. Environmental Issues and Externalities**

• Overcharging: Waterlogging Induced by Irrigation, Water

Level Rise in Urban Areas, Water Level Changes in

Response to Vegetation Cover

8

• Drawdown Externalities

• Overexploitation: Groundwater Mining, Land Subsidence

due to Pumping, Migration of Low Quality Groundwater

• Externalities due to Groundwater Quality and

Contamination

4. Groundwater Pollution

• Sources of Groundwater Pollution: Point and Non-Point

Sources

• Movement and Attenuation of Pollutants in Aquifers

• Transport Process of Solutes

• Assessment of Groundwater Pollution: Data Needs, Data

Collection and Monitoring Strategy

• Vulnerability Assessment

• Groundwater Protection and Remediation

7

5. Groundwater Management

• Matching Patterns and Intensity of Groundwater Use with the

Available Resource

• Groundwater Access and Allocations: Bases for Groundwater

Access and Allocations, Short-Term and Long-Term Effects

of Abstraction, Framework of Sustainable Yield, Sustainable

Limits to Groundwater Extractions, Reconciling Competing

Uses of Groundwater

• Groundwater Valuation: Bases for Groundwater Valuation,

Groundwater Pricing, Groundwater Market

• Concept of Basin Management: Quantity and Quality

Considerations

• Integrated Use of Surface and Groundwater

• Groundwater Augmentation

• Water Saving Technologies and Adaptation

12

6. Groundwater Governance**

• Water Institutions: Structure, Environment and Change

Process

• Groundwater Legislation and Integrated Approach to

Groundwater Laws

• Power Policies and Electricity-Groundwater Conundrum

• Participatory Approach to Groundwater Management

8


Case studies and analysis of cases relevant to groundwater

management and governance.

10

** These modules added based on Staff Training on Water and Ecosystem organized in Kathmandu, Nepal

during November 25-December 3, 2008 and Staff Training on Water and Rights organized in Kathmandu, Nepal

during January 5-12, 2010.

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Test (Mid-Term, Assessment and Class Tests)- 30%



References:

i. Todd, D.K. and I.W. Mays. 2005. Groundwater Hydrology, III Edition. John Wiley &

Sons.

ii. Das Gupta, A. 1993. Groundwater Contamination. Environmental Systems Review

No. 34. Environmental System Information Center, AIT.

iii. USBR. 1995. Handbook of Groundwater Development. United States Bureau of

Reclamation.

iv. Principles of Water Resources Planning, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs by

Goodman, A.S. 1984.

v. Taming the Anarchy: Groundwater Governance in South Asia by Tushaar Shah.

Springer.

Management of Irrigation Infrastructure and Services (Elective)

(IWM 751.3 E)

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is to orient the students towards service oriented irrigation

management by providing them needed knowledge and skills in integrating the physical and

managerial infrastructures and socio-economic environments of irrigation schemes in setting out

operational objectives and achieving them through operational plans and their effective

implementation.



i. Formulate management objectives relevant to physical and managerial infrastructure and

socio-economic and environmental realm of irrigation schemes.

ii. Identify and execute water delivery arrangements, including suitable flow control,

amenable to management objectives.

iii. Design asset management programs and action plans.

iv. Devise and execute appropriate monitoring and evaluation and benchmarking of the

irrigation system for continued assessment of irrigation system performance and

irrigation service delivery.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (45 hours)

1. Irrigation Management

• Objectives of Irrigation, Interest Groups and their Conflicting

Interests

• Activities in Irrigation Management

• Precondition for Good Irrigation Management

• Water Delivery Policies: Entitlement to Water, Operational

Objectives (adequacy, equity, reliability), Cropping Policies

• Concepts of Service Oriented Irrigation Management- Service

Determining Factors, Irrigation Infrastructure and Service

Needs, Flow Control and Service Potential

• Water Charges and their Effect on Quality of Management

8

2. Operation Services

• Objectives of Operation Service

• Planning the Operation- Estimating Future Water Supply,

Estimating Water Demand, Matching Supply and Demand,

Restrictive Measures to Match Supply and Demand

• Implementation of Water Distribution- On Demand, Semi

10

Demand, Rotation and Free Demand, Rotational System,

Continuous Flow

• Monitoring the Operation

• Staffing the Operation Service

• Engaging and Managing Equipments for Operation Service

• Organizational Structure for Operation Service

3. Maintenance Services

• Objectives of Maintenance Service

• Types of Maintenance

• Maintenance Activities in- Dams and Reservoirs, Irrigation

Network, Drainage Network, Rural Roads and Flood Protection

Dykes, Pump Stations, Ancillary Works

• Planning Maintenance Activities- Inventory of Works, Volume

of Maintenance Activities, Optimum Cycle of Maintenance,

Machinery and Manpower Requirements, Costing and

Establishing Maintenance Priorities

• Implementation of Maintenance Program

• Staffing Maintenance Service

7

4. Asset Management

• Objectives of Asset Management

• Asset Management Concepts: Types of Asset, Life Cycle,

Economic Life, Useful Life, Residual Life

• Inventory of Asset

• Asset Management Functions- Asset Rehabilitation,

Modernization, Replacement and Disposal, Asset Investment

Profile, Service Cost, Risk Analysis on Asset, Asset Renewal

and Renewal Decision Making, Asset Valuation

• Asset Management Information System

6

5. Organization of Irrigation Schemes

• Meaning of Association, Institution and Organization

• The Hierarchical Goals of Irrigation Organization

• Types of Irrigation Organization- Segregated Organization,

Integrated Organization, Specialized Organization

• Multipurpose Organization

• Organizational Structure in Irrigation Schemes- Organization of

Water Management Activities, Distribution of Responsibilities

7

6. Benchmarking Irrigation Performance

• Objectives of Monitoring and Evaluation and Benchmarking

of Irrigation Performance

• Indicators of Irrigation Performance- Water Productivity,

Agricultural Productivity, Economic Productivity, Performance

Targets and Standards

7

Case Studies (10 Hours)

Case Studies Discussion and Analysis 15

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Tests (Mid-Term and Assessment)- 30%

Case Studies and Term Paper- 20%


References:

i. Sagardoy, J.A., A. Bottrall and G.O. Uittenbogaard. 1986. Organization,

Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation Schemes. FAO Irrigation and Drainage

Paper No. 40. FAO, Rome.

ii. ASCE. 1991. Management, Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation and

Drainage Systems. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 57.

ASCE, USA.

iii. Chambers, R. Managing Canal Irrigation Systems: Practice Analysis from South

Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Climate Change, Livelihood and Adaptation (Elective)

(IWM 752.3 E)

Course Objective:

It is now widely accepted that climate change will lead to variability in the climate conditions

and hydrologic cycle that will have major influence on occurrence and distribution of water at

the local, regional and global scale. This uncertainty in climate and water resources is expected

to produce serious social, economic and environmental impacts through linkages in food

production systems and ecosystem changes influencing and livelihood of the people. Even if

mitigation measures are developed and targets are achieved, the impacts are expected to continue

for decades. The option to deal with such situation is to develop adaptive capacities in dealing

with the uncertainties resulting from climate change. This course is designed to focus on

developing understanding on the changes occurring in climate system and hydrologic cycle,

uncertainties, risk and understanding of adaptation within the ambit of IWRM.



i. Understand and analyze the impacts of climate change on occurrence and distribution of

freshwater resources and the stresses resulting thereto.

ii. Analyze the livelihood linkages to freshwater resources and consequences to livelihood

resulting from climate change.

iii. Understand the value of such concepts as livelihood resilience and adaptation and

translating them in real life application in the context of IWRM.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Hours

Lecture (50 hours)

1. Introduction to Climate Change and Its Impacts

• Review of Climate Change Science

• Review of Climate Change Impacts

8

2. Global Debate/Discourse on Adaptation

• The Negotiation Process

• Conference of Parties- Beyond Copenhagen (COP15)

• Adaptation and Mitigation

8

3. Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources

• Mountain Glaciers and Ice Caps

• Surface Water Resources

• Groundwater Resources

• Floods

• Drought

• Water Quality

12

• Biodiversity Loss

• Erosion and Land Degradation

4. Non-Climatic Divers on Fresh Water Resources**

• Impact of Climate Change on Balance of Future Supply and

Demand of Water Resources

• Impact of Climate Change on Cost of Development of

Surface and Groundwater Resources

6

5. Adaptation Concept**

• Planned Adaptation and Autonomous Adaptation

• Adaptive Strategies

• The Assets Pyramid

• Uncertainties: How to Deal with Them?

8

6. Livelihood and Livelihood Diversification

• Vulnerability and Livelihood

• Livelihood Diversification

• Development and Adaptation

8

Case Studies and Assignments

Case studies on climate change, livelihood and adaptation 10 ** These modules modified based on Staff Training on Climate Change and Water organized under CB Project

in Dhaka, Bangladesh during August 2-9, 2009.

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Tests (Mid-Term, Assessment, Class Tests)- 30%

Case Studies, Term Paper and Assignments- 20%


References:

i. Climate Change and Water. IPCC Technical Paper No. VI. IPCC/WMO/UNEP.

ii. Climate Change Adaptation in Water Sector by Fulco Ludwig, Pavel Kabat, Henk

van Schaik, Michael van der Valk (editors). Earthscan U.K.

iii. Climate Change and Adaptation by Neil Leary, James Adejuwan, Vicente Barros, Ian

Burton, Jyoti Kulkarni, Rodel Lusco (editors). Earthscan, U.K.

iv. Economics and Management of Climate Change: Risks, Mitigation and Adaptation

by Bernd Hansjurgens and Ralf Antes (editors). Springer.

v. Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change: Costs, Benefits and Policy

Instruments by Shardul Agarwala and Samuel Fankhauser (editors). OECD.

Land Degradation and Management (Elective)

(IWM 753.3 E)

Course Objective:

This course aims to provide holistic understanding on processes of land degradation and

approach to conservation and management of land and watershed based natural resources.

Emphasis has been laid on the integration of physical, biological and cultural means to

conservation and management which are crucial to planning and management of watershed

based natural resources at the watershed level.



i. Develop needed knowledge relating to different forms of land degradation, associated

processes, and methods of observation and means of control.

ii. Develop skills and capacity in analyzing on-site and off-site consequences resulting from

land degradation and their valuation.

iii. Develop capacity in developing integrated watershed management plans based on

realistic analysis of watershed problems.

Course Contents:

S/N Topic Lecture Hours

Lecture (50 hours)

1. Hydrologic Processes and Catchment Hydrology

• Rainfall-Runoff-Infiltration Interactions

• Runoff Measurement and Estimation

• Hydrograph Analysis and Peak Flow

• Rainfall Erosivity Indices

• Water Yield of Catchments

6

2. Mechanics of Soil Erosion

• Mechanics of Water and Wind Erosion

• Soil Erosion by Water: Types, Processes at Work, Methods

Of Observation and Means of Control

• Soil Erosion by Wind: Processes at Work, Magnitude and

Consequences of Wind Erosion

• Gully Erosion: Causes and Processes at Work

• Stream-Bank Erosion: Forms and Processes, Damage Caused

• Mining and Construction Erosion

• Assessment of Severity of Erosion

• Soil Loss Measurement and Estimation: Catchment Gauging,

Erosion Plot Studies, Peer Catchment Studies,

• Statistical/Empirical Models

10

3. Sedimentation

• Types, Sources and Processes of Sediment Transport

• Factors Controlling Sediment Yield of Watershed

• Sediment Prediction Models

• Downstream Consequences of Sedimentation

6

3. Water Conservation

• Need for Water Conservation

• Water Conservation Measures

• Types of Water Storage Structures

• Losses of Stored Water

• Rainfall/Runoff Harvesting Structures for Rural and Urban

Applications

5

4. Indicators and Valuation of Land Degradation

• Determinants and Processes of Land Use and Land Cover

Changes

• Indicators of Land Degradation- Physical, Biological,

Environmental

• Indicators of Land Productivity Loss

• Visual Indicators of Land Degradation

• Approach to Valuation of Land Degradation

6

5. Land Management (Biological and Cultural Measures)

• Land Capability Classification and Land Use Planning

• Land Cover Management

• Conservation Farming

• Forestation and Landscape Management

• Land Reclamation and Improvement

• Soil Management

5

6. Soil Conservation (Physical/Mechanical Measures)

• Terrace Design, Layout and Construction

• Check-Dams

• Runoff Diversion and Waterways

• Gully Control and Stabilization Structures

• Structural Measures for Stream-Bank Erosion Control

6

7. Watershed Management

• Identification and Analysis of Watershed Problems

• Collection of Watershed Based Information

• Development of Coherent Watershed Management Plan

• Objectives and Approach to Integrated Watershed Management

• Participatory Watershed Management

• Role of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) in Watershed

Management

6


Analysis of Relevant Cases on Land Degradation Processes and On-

Site and Off-Site Consequences

5

Case Analysis on Integrated Watershed Management Programs in

Nepal.

5

Evaluation Scheme:


Written Tests (Mid-Term; Assessment and Class Tests)- 30%



References:

i. Hundson, N.W (ed.). 1993. Field Measurement of Soil Erosion and Runoff. FAO Soil

Bulletin No. 68. FAO, Rome.

ii. Hudson, N.W. 1992. Soil Conservation. B.T. Bastford, London.

iii. Hundson, N.W. 1992. Land Husbandry. B.T. Bastford, London.

iv. Lal, R. (ed.). 1994. Soil Erosion Research Methods. Soil and Water Conservation

Society, Ankeny, USA.

v. Morgan, R.P.C. 1995 (2nd

edition). Soil Erosion and Conservation. Longman Scientific

and Technical, Burt Hill, UK.

vi. Pierce, F.J. and Frye, W.W. 1998. Advances in Soil and Water Conservation. Ann Arbor

Press, Michigan.

vii. Schwab, G.O., Fangmeier, D.D., Elliot, W.J. and Frevert, R.K. 1993. Soil and Water

Conservation Engineering (4th

edition). John Wiley & Sons Inc. USA.

viii. Ward, A.D. and Elliot, W.J. 1995. Environmental Hydrology. CRC Press Inc.

Boca Raton, Florida.

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