political ideology in nigeria politics: from the genesis of the nation nigeria 1914-2011

Political Ideology in Nigeria Politics: From the Genesis of the Nation Nigeria 1914-2011

SHAIBU Sunday Danladi, MA, Ph.D. CandidateFACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, CHARLES UNIVERSITY

Email: [email protected]

◆The genesis of political ideology in Nigeria (1914-2011) ◆ Unleashing the missing links: Nigeria ◆ Nigeria in the face of multi-cultureless ◆ Nigeria in the geopolitical panic of history: 21st century lens ◆ Nigeria regional and continental roles: analytical perspectives ◆ The question of corruption in Nigeria and the risk of survival ◆ Factors that increase the chances of corruption in Nigeria ◆ Democracy and the Nigerian survival: which way remains ◆ Religion in Nigerian politics: regional dimension

AGENDA

1562 - 1862• People as Commodity• Slave Coast• 1914- Nation was born

After Industrial Revolution • Shifted Interest: Oil • British Rule in Nigeria• 1954 3rd constitutions

in 8th years

1960• Nation independence

granted• 1999 re-drafted

Constitutions -1979 constitutions

•1914 Nigeria unified under one colony•1920 National Council of British West Africa formed•1923 Nigerian national democratic party formed•1951 General constitution inaugurated•1960 granted (decorated) as an independent nation•1963 federal republic declared•1979 first indigenous constitution drafted•1995 constitution re-fine-tuned•1999 1979 constitution re-drafted and published

Nigerian constitutional ideologies: historical line


AGENDA

Regional Hostilities in Nigeria

• …let resolve to be masters, not the victim of our history, controlling our own destiny without giving way to the blind suspicious and emotions” F.J. Kennedy (1917-1963

• reconciliation, 1967-1970 • oil abundance & corruption and looting• military coup, 1975• a constitution that speaks for every tie of the nation • Real changes never comes from mere reforms, changing national flags

but changing the institutional frame-work, via reconciliation and all inclusive public participations.


AGENDA

• Historical challenges and conflicting ideologies• complex-fraction state with unique culture & history• two undeniable challenges (a) The state of the union redefinition, (b) high-level perilous corruption

The 21st Constitutional Dilemma“I have also sought to present the territorial states as historically contingent, and the process of integration as at least potentially reversible” (M.Keating,1988a, 1998a)

• Power must be exercised according to established rules• The rules must be justified in terms of shared beliefs • Legitimacy must be demonstrated by the expression of

consent on the part of the governed

Beetham, D. 1991. Legitimation. London: Macmillan. p19


AGENDA

“We must not allow ourselves to become like the system we oppose. We cannot afford to use methods of which we will be ashamed when we look back, when we say, and ‘...We shouldn’t have done that.’”

---Desmond Tutu

• The reform• The vestige • The vision• The solution • The question


AGENDA

Nigeria’s regional and continental roles (1/2)

• International Peace-keeping missions• New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)• Anti-apartheid “South African freedom”• Independence of Namibia, Liberia, South Sudan, etc.• Organization of African Unity (OAU)

• African Union• Economical Community of West African States

(ECOWAS)• Technical Aid Corp (TAC) • Nigerian Defense Academy • Trust Fund in African Development Bank

Nigeria’s regional and continental roles (2/2)


AGENDA

Between 1999 and 2011 almost 99% of Nigerian politicians are convicted of corruption.Yet sign of change seem inevitable

Segun OSOBA, Corruption is an anti

social behavior conferring improper benefits contrary to legal and moral norms, and which undermines the authorities to improve the living conditions of the people.

Amartya SEN,Corrupt behaviour involves the violation of established rules for personal gain and profit.

Seymour M. LIPSET & Gabriel S. LENZ,corruption is efforts secure wealth or power through illegal means; the private gain at public expense; or a misuse of public power for private benefit.

• Web: looters and receivers• “Spoil politics” (Chris Allen, 1999)• State weakness, explode, ceases to exercise

authority • Corruption-frustration-lawlessness-instability

◆The genesis of political ideology in Nigeria (1914-2011) ◆ Unleashing the missing links: Nigeria ◆ Nigeria in the face of multi-cultureless ◆ Nigeria in the geopolitical panic of history: 21st century lens ◆ Nigeria regional and continental roles: analytical perspectives ◆ The question of Corruption in Nigeria and the risk of survival ◆ Factors that increase the chances of corruption in Nigeria ◆ Democracy and the Nigerian survival: which way remains ◆ Religion in Nigerian politics: regional dimension

AGENDA

• “All animals are born equal but some animals are more equal than others” George Orwell, June,p-109)

• Elites’ belief on inequality• The absence of willingness• politics as quick access to wealth• Influence, loyalty over taking intellectual artistic• Poverty is enforced on the unprivileged• “Rapacity” complete absence of national interest

Logic of Corruption

Break the Bridge!


AGENDA

“History’s conclusion is that Africa has tried to work the wrong models.” --- Basil Davidson

• Natural resources battle• Re-unification• Corruption • Foreign policy• Constitutional reform


AGENDA

• Spiritualism religion signifies a pattern of belief and related behavior

• Politics are now centered around the competition for positions (Graf 1988:18)

• Groups of Northern elite politics are codified in the context of religion

• citizens become slaves in their own country• rules of law are established for the privileged• poverty replaced freedom and liberty• peoples are confined with the limits of what is unjust• citizens are not represented nor hope for a better future

What kind of exploitation is more than such a situation?

• national constitution remains the composition of colonial and military legitimacy;

• the nation’s definition lingered tight of colonial and military fabrication.

What kind of Democratic institutions could Nigeria be surveyed as a system of government?

When…

• the entire foundation of the country is adequately reviewed, diagnosed

• the constitution is re-drafted to speak for the generality of the masses

• equal participation by all-Nigerians is ensured on the bases of one voice, one nation

• The survival in the 21st century will remain questionable

THANK YOU ALL, APPRECIATE YOUR ATTENTION…

political ideology in nigeria politics: from the genesis of the nation nigeria 1914-2011

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