politics at his time 37 questions a.s. hashim, md questions about al-kadhim

Politics at his time37 Questions

A.S. Hashim, MD

Questions about Al-Kadhim

Questions, Al-Kadhim and Politics at his timeQuestions, Al-Kadhim and Politics at his time 22

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Definition of Terms in this Slide ShowDefinition of Terms in this Slide Show

• Institute of Ahlul Bayt:Institute of Ahlul Bayt: Refers to the teachings Refers to the teachings and discussions by Ahlul Bayt. This was and discussions by Ahlul Bayt. This was conducted at:conducted at:• The house of the ImamThe house of the Imam• Masjid Al-NabawiMasjid Al-Nabawi• At or near the Grand Mosque during HajAt or near the Grand Mosque during Haj

• Piety-minded:Piety-minded: Refers to the many Schools of Refers to the many Schools of thought: Like that of Ibn Abbas, of Ibn Omar, thought: Like that of Ibn Abbas, of Ibn Omar, Jabriah, Qadariyah, Murj’iah, Ahlul Raa’y, Ahlul Jabriah, Qadariyah, Murj’iah, Ahlul Raa’y, Ahlul Qiyas, etc.Qiyas, etc.

Questions, Al-Kadhim and Politics at his time

3


Give a historical perspective of Al-Kadhim’s life‑time.

a. Al-Kadhim was born during the reign of Marwan the Ass

b. Was contemporary to the revolts which toppled Benu Umayya,

c. a+b+ Lived throughout the reign of 5 Benu Abbas' Rulers.

d. a+b+ Lived throughout 12 Benu Abbas’ rulers


4


How was the political transformation in the early years of Al-Kadhim?a. The Khilaafah passing from Benu Umayya to

Benu Abbas,

b. the initial euphoria of the Ummah, followed by blood shed, then

c. a period of administrative consolidation associated with severe repression

d. a+b+c+ and establishment of a spy-network particularly against Ahlul Bayt.


5


Aalim was a nickname of Al-Kadhim. Give the meaning of Aalim.

a. The erudite and the uniquely knowledgeable in Islam

b. The Knowledgeable in Adventure

c. The Knowledgeable in innovation

d. The Knowledgeable in manufacture


6


Which rulers was Al-Kadhim contemporary to?a. Marwan the Ass, Al-Saffah, Al-Mansoor, Al-

Mahdi, Al-Haadi and Haroon Al-Rashid

b. Marwan the Ass, Al-Saffah, Al-Mansoor, Al-Hasan, Al-Husain

c. Al-Saffah, Al-Mansoor, Al-Mahdi, Al-Ridha, Al-Jawaad

d. Marwan the Ass, Mu’awiya, Yazid, Abdul Malik and Haroon Al-Rashid


7


Name most Piety-minded communities at the beginning of Al-Kadhim’s Imamah.a. The Shi'a, schools of Ibn Abbas and Ibn Omar,

Murji'ah, Khariji, Mu'tazila, Jabriah, Qadariyah, Jah'miyyah plus less important others.

b. The Shi'a, schools of Ibn Abbas and Ibn Uthman

c. The Shi'a, Mu'tazila, Jabriah

d. The Shi'a, Murji'ah, Khariji,


8


Give the Piety-minded viewpoint of the rule of Benu Abbas.a. The Piety-minded looked upon the Abbasi

regime as a compromise with the pious ideals for Muslim society.

b. a+ The arbitrariness of Benu Abbas was an alien intrusion into proper Islamic social order.

c. The arbitrariness of Benu Abbas was welcomed by all

d. The arbitrariness of Benu Abbas was welcomed by Al-Kadhim


9


Give the Khalifa court viewpoint of the Piety-minded.a. Piety-minded could have, at best, only

marginal significance.

b. Piety-minded were given full reign in the government

c. Piety-minded were not tolerated

d. Piety-minded were banned


10


Describe the religious aura which Benu Abbas put forth.a. the Abbasi Khalifa was made to be a major

figure,

b. he was the Majestic King,

c. he was the one to have a certain religious aura;

d. a+b+c+ and this was an attitude foreign to the spirit of the Shari'ah as envisaged by the Piety-minded.


11


How did the U’lamaa view the attitude towards the Khalifa?a. When the Khalifa was addressed —as he was

— as Allah's shadow on earth, the U'lamaa (scholars) could only be profoundly shocked.

b. Shari'ah Islam, with its insistence that all men were on equal level before Allah, could ill-tolerate such a Khalifa-figure.

c. Yet the courtly circles of Benu Abbas were willing to ascribe such similar position to the Khalifa, only limiting themselves to the proper language.

d. All the above


12


Explain the background of Khalifa Al-Saffah.a. Al Saffah's mother was the previous wife of

Abdul Malik son of Marwan of Benu Umayya.b. He grew up in a house very resentful of Benu

Umayya and a sympathizer of Ahlul Bayt in the beginning.

c. Al-Saffah learned:1. to be cautious, and not to take anything for

granted.2. how to plan well and execute when needed.3. to be hardy and tough yet enduring.

d. a+b+c+ Al-Saffah had attended many of the discourses of Imam Al-Saadiq in Medina.


13


Describe the person of Al-Saffah.a. He was entrusted the Khilaafah because of

his strategy that toppled Benu Umayya.b. a+ Al-Saffah established the state on the

basis of all force:1. he slaughtered his opponents treacherously, with

gross brutality, especially Benu Umayya2. he acceded to digging out from the graves the

remains of the Khalifas of Benu Umayya, to be burned or thrown away.

c. He treated Benu Umayya lovinglyd. Appointed one of Benu Umayya as secretary

of State


14


Describe more personal traits of Al-Saffah.a. Al-Saffah was a good-looking man who

relished food, enjoyable company, nice narratives and anecdotes.

b. a+ For nights of gaiety he began a custom of sitting behind a curtain separating himself from the entertainers.

c. a+ He loved to dance almost every night

d. He loved to pray all night


15


Describe the contribution of Al-Khallal and the intrigue surrounding his death.

a. Al-Khallal was an ardent supporter of Ahlul Bayt, and was the first appointed Wazir of Benu Abbas.

b. He was scholarly and an extremely efficient administrator.

c. He sent letters to Al-Saadiq for Khilaafah but the offer was rejected.

d. a+b+c+ It is said Al-Khallal was killed by unidentified people, because of his support of Ahlul Bayt.


16


Enumerate some accomplishments of Al-Saffaha. He built Al-Anbaar to be the capital city, in

which he died.

b. He gave power to Benu Abbas' members to all sensitive and prestigious positions in his government.

c. He continued the Monarchy.

d. a+b+c+ His power rested mainly on the Arab and Khurasani Persian gentry and their peasant troops.


17


Give some points of Al-Mansoor’s backgrounda. Al‑Mansoor's mother was Sallama, from

North Africa —Berber stock.

b. He had attended many of the discourses of Al-Saadiq in Medina.

c. a+b+ Al-Mansoor was chased after by Benu Umayya; he eluded them successfully.

d. His piety and sense of justice were well known


18


Describe the Person of Al-Mansoor:

a. Al-Mansoor succeeded his brother (Al Saffah) as the Khalifa.

b. Al-Mansoor treacherously killed Abu Muslim, who brought Benu Abbas to power by toppling Benu Umayya.

c. Al-Mansoor used the black dress and black flags as a symbol for Benu Abbas

d. All the above.


19


Describe further the Person of Al-Mansoor a. He murdered some of the most prominent

Shi'is, who had figured prominently in bringing Benu Abbas' family to power

b. a+ When he put down the rebellion of Al-Nafs Al-Zakiyah at Mecca and forced the U'lamaa (Scholars) to choose either hopeless opposition or accommodation with him,

c. a+ He loved Imam Al-Saadiq and used to visit him often

d. a+ He called upon Al-Saadiq 18 times to visit Baghdad


20


Give an account of the Al-Mansoor's administration.

a. Al-Mansoor tied the religious specialists to the state by making the Maaliki into an officially established order, and

b. Thus asserting a final Khalifa authority in questions of Fiqh law.

c. a+b+ Such a course was difficult because the Abbasi victory depended on the Khurasani animus

d. Because Maaliki school was a subsidiary of Ahlul Bayt School.


21


Describe the spy-network Khalifa Al-Mansoor.

a. Al-Mansoor built up a network of spies and informants to:

1. keep down any future conspiracies,2. to control (by the spies) information of

various officials with their widely ramifying responsibilities.

b. He was paranoid and frightened by Benu Umayya

c. He was frightened by the intrigue of his women


22


Give a report of an outstanding project Al-Mansoor built.

a. Al-Mansoor built Baghdad to be capital of the empire.

b. Al-Mansoor built Cairo

c. Al-Mansoor built Damascus

d. Al-Mansoor built Basrah


23


Describe the attitude of Al-Mansoor toward Imam Al-Hasan's person.

a. At one occasion Al-Mansoor gave a talk in which:

1. he belittled Imam Al-Hasan and falsely accused him of many incorrect things.

2. he was the first person to coin the term Sunni to describe the non-Imamah asserters.

b. He did that because he was paranoidc. He did that because of misinformation by his

spies


24


Describe how Al-Mansoor treated Al-Hasan's progeny.

a. Al-Mansoor arrested more than 100 of Al-Hasan's progeny,

b. He incarcerated them in the underground part of the building without any light,

c. and treated them with such abandon that when one died his body was left to decay and reek with stench.

d. a+b+c+ finally the roof of the prison was made to collapse and kill the rest who were still living.


25


Why did Al-Mansoor court Ibn Malik?

a. In a move to curb the influence of Ahlul Bayt,

b. Al-Mansoor appointed Anas Ibn Malik as the supreme religious head in Arabia

c. and made even the Governors of the Provinces subservient to him, and

d. a+b+c+ Ibn Malik became the head of the Maaliki school of thought and wrote Al-Mu'watta


26


How was the works of Ahlul Bayt in the early days of Al-Mansoor.a. The teaching at the Institute of Ahlul Bayt was in full

force, unhampered.

b. Al-Kadhim, as a teenager by this time was an active participant in the affairs and operation of the Institute of Ahlul Bayt,

c. a+b+ the Institute had reached its zenith by this period.

d. The Institute had to shut down because of Al-Mansoor’s threats


27


What happened to the Institute in later years of Al-Mansoora. Ever distrustful and paranoid, Al-Mansoor

utilized spies in particular against the Institute of Ahlul Bayt.

b. This reduced the activities of the Institute to a great extent.

c. Al-Mansoor also summoned Imam Al-Saadiq several times to question him and be assured

d. All the above.


28


Describe Khalifa Al-Mahdi's (son of Al-Mansoor) Administration.a. Al-Mahdi's reign improved the strained

relationship between the court and the highly dis appointed Piety‑minded

b. A new but less enthusiastic attitude of the Jama’ah‑Sunni U'lamaa was that the days of Al-Khulafaa Al-Rashidoon had been a time apart, which Benu Abbas could never hope to rival.

c. Ahlul Bayt continued to be the opposition party notwithstanding the new stand of the Al-Jama’ah-Sunni U'lamaa.

d. a+b+c+ Al-Mahdi made no attempt to soften the growing absolutism that seemed unavoidable.


29


Discuss Ahlul Bayt during the Khilaafah of Al-Mahdi son of Al-Mansoor.a. In his thirties by now Imam Al-Kadhim continued his

teachings but still cautiously.

b. Al-Kadhim continued his stand in refusing to give the institutional support to the Monarchy of Benu Abbas.

c. a+b+ Due to the prevailing conditions the size and activities of the Institute of Ahlul Bayt were very curtailed.

d. But Khalifa Al-Mahdi continued to oppose Malik Ibn Anas


30


Why was Al-Kadhim summoned by the Khalifa?a. Al-Mahdi summoned Al-Kadhim to be assured

that there would be no attempt to topple his throne.

b. Al-Mahdi detained Al-Kadhim in Baghdad, then released him after seeing a dream.

c. Al-Kadhim left Baghdad to continue his teachings in Medina.

d. a+b+c+ Al-Ridha was a teenager by this time.


31


Give an account about Khalifa Haroon Al-Rashid’s person.a. Haroon Al-Rashid was tutored by the highly

regarded Khalid Al-Barmaki, a convert to Islam from Buddhism.

b. The Barmaki family had been Buddhist priests of Balkh in Central Asia.

c. Al-Rashid lived a luxurious life yet emphasizing the importance of prudence, power, and the use of force if need be.

d. a+b+c+ Haroon Al-Rashid was extremely close to Al-Barmaki family and gave them the Wazir position for 17 years.


32


How was Al-Rashid’s administration?

a. Al‑Rashid enjoyed the position of Khalifa at the peak of its splendor.

b. For a brief generation there was relatively unbroken peace and prosperity in the Khilaafah empire.

c. Under the Khalifa, the government was now largely delegated to administrators, a Wazir as financial chief and generally head of government, and his secretaries in their many bureaus (diwans).

d. a+b+c+ The Khalifa was to be a court of ultimate appeal.


33


Describe the wealth and manner of spending during Al-Rashid’s Khilaafah.

a. The Khalifa's family took first place, as in receiving, so in disbursing wealth, as patrons of the arts, of luxury, and of learning.

b. Ibrahim al-Mawsili, the musician, and Abu Nuwas the poet, both were identified with wine and the gaiety of song.

c. On occasions of courtly joy, liberality in giving (largesse) was scattered in the form of coins tossed in abandon in the streets,

d. a+b+c+ And of food served to all comers, or of robes of honor of luxurious silks or brocades passed out among favored courtiers.


34


Discuss Ahlul Bayt during Al-Rashid’s rule (Khilaafah).a. Imam Al-Kadhim continued to be Al-Marji'

b. The scope of the Institute of Ahlul Bayt was mush restricted because of the antagonistic stand of the Khalifa and his government.

c. By this period of time the teachings of Ahlul Bayt had followers and representatives in Iraq, Egypt, Persia, Arabia, Yemen ,among others.

d. a+b+c+ The Institute of Ahlul Bayt continued to be the Islamicly non-bending and pure, without backing or support from the ruling class;


35


What a plan did Khalifa Haroon Al-Rashid devise about Al-Kadhim?a. While he was on his way from Haj, Al-Rashid

stopped at Medina

b. He unexpectedly ordered to immediately arrest Al-Kadhim

c. At the time Imam Al-Kadhim was 51 years old,

d. a+b+c+ Imam Al-Kadhim was incarcerated for 4 years, first in Basrah then in Baghdad, where he died in imprisonment at the age of 55 years.


36


Describe Baghdad in its early days.

a. Baghdad was built on the Tigris at a location carefully chosen as an economic center for the whole population of the region.

b. Baghdad was chosen partly to command the agriculture of the Sawaad, and partly as a crossroads of bulk and luxury trade.

c. a+b+ Moreover, Baghdad was focused on the enormous Khalifa Palace.

d. Baghdad was focused on nothing but pure wealth.


37


Give more description of Baghdad.

a. Baghdad’s most important part was the round city, the administrative complex in which the Khalifa lived

b. and around him the other members of the Abbasi family and the various courtiers,

c. each in vast establishments which sheltered large numbers of dependents.

d. a+b+c+ At the outskirts of Baghdad sprang up the bazaars and housing for the rest of the servicing population.


38


Discuss the Monarchy of Benu Abbas.

a. The court etiquette of Baghdad was consciously modeled on that of the Persians.

b. Only the most privileged could normally speak with the Abbasi Khalifa at all.

c. He could be approached only through a chain of officials and in accordance with an elaborately formal ritual.

d. a+b+c+ It was this etiquette of obvious personal submission before the Khalifa that especially roused the ire of the U'lamaa and of the pious.


39


Discuss the use of surnames by Benu Abbas:a. The first Abbasi Khalifa had adopted a

surname of eschatological overtones, b. Al-Saffah, meaning bloody ruthlessness

in exacting divine vengeance. c. a+b+ Al-Mansoor implying that the

Khalifa was singled out for divine help in his victories.

d. Al-Mahdi, a title which the Sunni used for the expected restorer of Islamic justice.

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