Politics, Immigration, and Urban LifePolitics, Immigration, and Urban Life

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Section 1Section 1

• Gilded AgeGilded Age• Termed by who for what purpose?Termed by who for what purpose?• Meaning?Meaning?• Who was this a golden period for? Describe.Who was this a golden period for? Describe.

Laissez-faireLaissez-faire

The United States faced great challenges as it The United States faced great challenges as it emerged from Reconstruction. emerged from Reconstruction. Describe Describe

Businesses operated without government Businesses operated without government regulation. regulation. Describe the approach and who developed the Describe the approach and who developed the

term.term. Many people supported government involvement Many people supported government involvement

when it benefited them. when it benefited them. Give an exampleGive an example

Spoils SystemSpoils System

Describe this system.Describe this system.

Opposing Political PartiesOpposing Political Parties Democratic and Republican parties had roughly the same number of Democratic and Republican parties had roughly the same number of

supporters. supporters. differed greatly-supporters and issues.differed greatly-supporters and issues.

RepublicansRepublicans Who did they appeal to? Who did they appeal to? Where were they strongest?Where were they strongest? Favored? Favored?

Democratic Party Democratic Party Who did they appeal to? Who did they appeal to? Where were they strongest?Where were they strongest? Favored? Favored?

Hayes Fights the Spoils SystemHayes Fights the Spoils System After his election in 1877, Rutherford B. Hayes refused to After his election in 1877, Rutherford B. Hayes refused to

follow spoils system. follow spoils system. What actions did he take?What actions did he take?

Garfield's Term Cut ShortGarfield's Term Cut Short James A. Garfield, an Ohio congressman and ally of the Half-James A. Garfield, an Ohio congressman and ally of the Half-

Breeds, won the party's presidential nomination.Breeds, won the party's presidential nomination. ((Half-BreedsHalf-Breeds, who followed Senator James G. Blaine of , who followed Senator James G. Blaine of

Maine, hoped to reform the spoils system while remaining Maine, hoped to reform the spoils system while remaining loyal to the party.) loyal to the party.) were a political faction of the United were a political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century.States Republican Party in the late 19th century.

Pendleton Civil Service ActPendleton Civil Service Act

Upon James Garfield's death who Upon James Garfield's death who became V.P.? became V.P.? Describe what he reformed and an act Describe what he reformed and an act

introduced.introduced.

Democrats Take PowerDemocrats Take Power

Who became first Democratic Who became first Democratic President in 1856?President in 1856? Favored ?Favored ? Supported ?Supported ?

Regulating RailroadsRegulating Railroads 18691869

Railroad regulation had begun in 1869, when ?Railroad regulation had begun in 1869, when ? What was the practice of rebates? What was the practice of rebates? In 1877 the Supreme Court, in Munn v. Illinois, allowed In 1877 the Supreme Court, in Munn v. Illinois, allowed

what? what? As you read in the last chapter, in 1887 Congress As you read in the last chapter, in 1887 Congress

responded by passing the Interstate Commerce Act. responded by passing the Interstate Commerce Act. Remember! The act required that rates be set in Remember! The act required that rates be set in

proportion to the distance traveled and that rates be proportion to the distance traveled and that rates be made public. 1877 Interstate Commerce Act was made public. 1877 Interstate Commerce Act was passedpassed

Depression to ProsperityDepression to Prosperity

Boosted by industrial growth, Boosted by industrial growth, American business grew during the American business grew during the late 1880s to 1890s.late 1880s to 1890s.

Focus on TariffsFocus on Tariffs

Cleveland lost the 1888 presidential Cleveland lost the 1888 presidential election to Republican Benjamin election to Republican Benjamin Harrison.Harrison.

The campaign had focused on ?The campaign had focused on ? Cleveland favored?Cleveland favored? Harrison wanted ?Harrison wanted ?

Harrison's position won him plenty of Harrison's position won him plenty of business support and, ultimately, the business support and, ultimately, the presidency.presidency.

List Harrison's achievements List Harrison's achievements These actions would later damage the economy, and they These actions would later damage the economy, and they

did not help Harrison in the election of 1892.did not help Harrison in the election of 1892.

Cleveland's Second TermCleveland's Second Term What did he campaign for again? What did he campaign for again? A panic hit the country in 1893. What did this begin?A panic hit the country in 1893. What did this begin?

McKinley Wins in 1896 McKinley Wins in 1896 1896, William Jennings Bryan, the presidential candidate of 1896, William Jennings Bryan, the presidential candidate of

the Populists and Democrats, lost to the Republican the Populists and Democrats, lost to the Republican candidate, William McKinley.candidate, William McKinley.

McKinley was supported by urban workers and the middle McKinley was supported by urban workers and the middle class.class.

Section 2 People on the MoveSection 2 People on the Move

1. Why did immigration boom in the late 1800’s?1. Why did immigration boom in the late 1800’s?

2. How did immigrants adjust to life in the U.S2. How did immigrants adjust to life in the U.S..??

The Immigrant ExperienceThe Immigrant Experience

In the late 1800s, people in many In the late 1800s, people in many parts of the world were on the move parts of the world were on the move from farms to cities and from one from farms to cities and from one country to another.country to another.

Immigrants from around the globe Immigrants from around the globe were fleeing crop failures, shortages were fleeing crop failures, shortages of land and jobs, rising taxes, famine, of land and jobs, rising taxes, famine, and escaping religious or political and escaping religious or political persecution.persecution.

Immigrants Hopes and DreamsImmigrants Hopes and Dreams

1860- In U.S resident population was 1860- In U.S resident population was 31.5 million people.31.5 million people.

Between 1865 and 1920 close to how Between 1865 and 1920 close to how many additional people entered the many additional people entered the country?country?

Reasons for immigrationReasons for immigrationI. Push Factors-I. Push Factors- Conditions that drive Conditions that drive

people from their homespeople from their homes describe and give an example.describe and give an example.

Faced hostility from Christian neighbors Faced hostility from Christian neighbors and government. Limited places to and government. Limited places to live. America offered freedom!live. America offered freedom!

II. Pull Factors- conditions that attract II. Pull Factors- conditions that attract immigrants to a new areaimmigrants to a new area

describedescribe

III. The Long VoyageIII. The Long Voyage

A. describe their voyageA. describe their voyage

Arriving in America Arriving in America

Historians estimate that about 10 million Historians estimate that about 10 million immigrants arrived between 1865 and 1890. immigrants arrived between 1865 and 1890.

Where did they come from? Describe the pattern Where did they come from? Describe the pattern change in 1890s.change in 1890s.

Immigrants entered the United Immigrants entered the United States through several port cities. States through several port cities. European newcomers might come European newcomers might come

through Boston, Philadelphia, or through Boston, Philadelphia, or Baltimore. Baltimore.

Asians might enter through San Asians might enter through San Francisco or Seattle. Francisco or Seattle.

Yet more than 70 percent of all Yet more than 70 percent of all immigrants came through where?immigrants came through where?

1892- Europeans arrived in New York City- saw the 1892- Europeans arrived in New York City- saw the Statue of LibertyStatue of Liberty, stopped at , stopped at Ellis IslandEllis Island- where they - where they

had to pass a medical inspectionhad to pass a medical inspection

Where Immigrants SettledWhere Immigrants Settled Once settled, immigrants looked for work.Once settled, immigrants looked for work. When jobs were scarce, employers (many When jobs were scarce, employers (many

of whom were immigrants themselves) of whom were immigrants themselves) took advantage of the newcomers. took advantage of the newcomers. paid less (women even less than the men)paid less (women even less than the men)

GhettosGhettos

Define.Define. Why did they chose to live like this? Why did they chose to live like this? Restricted covenants were what? How did they Restricted covenants were what? How did they

come in to play?come in to play?

Immigrants From AsiaImmigrants From Asia

Most of the immigrants who entered the United States Most of the immigrants who entered the United States through West Coast ports came from where? Who through West Coast ports came from where? Who formed the largest groups?formed the largest groups?

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Describe this. What did it state and why was it Describe this. What did it state and why was it

developed?developed?

Japanese RestrictedJapanese Restricted By 1920 some 200,000 Japanese immigrants had arrived in By 1920 some 200,000 Japanese immigrants had arrived in

the United States through West Coast ports. Most Japanese the United States through West Coast ports. Most Japanese settled in the Los Angeles area, and soon they were settled in the Los Angeles area, and soon they were producing a large percentage of southern California's fruits producing a large percentage of southern California's fruits and vegetables.and vegetables. Labor unions and the political leaders who supported Labor unions and the political leaders who supported

them fought to stop Japanese immigration.them fought to stop Japanese immigration. President Theodore Roosevelt reached a compromise with President Theodore Roosevelt reached a compromise with

Japanese officials in 1907. Japanese officials in 1907. describe.describe.

Immigration from MexicoImmigration from Mexico

When the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 When the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 limited immigration from Europe and Asia, limited immigration from Europe and Asia, labor shortages again drew Mexicans across labor shortages again drew Mexicans across the border.the border.

1925- Los Angeles largest Spanish speaking 1925- Los Angeles largest Spanish speaking population.population.