polymers.ppt

PLASTICPLASTIC FIBERFIBER ELASTOMERELASTOMER

Made by: Himalay sahuMade by: Himalay sahu

objectivesobjectives By the end of the class, students By the end of the class, students

should be able should be able To explain the importance of proper To explain the importance of proper

disposal of synthetic polymersdisposal of synthetic polymersTo suggest ways to dispose of To suggest ways to dispose of

synthetic polymers in order to synthetic polymers in order to preserve the environmentpreserve the environment

To practice good habits in disposing To practice good habits in disposing of synthetic polymersof synthetic polymers

What is What is Polymer ?!Polymer ?!o Food?Food?o Bag?Bag?o Animal?Animal?o Plant?Plant?o Cloth?Cloth?

o Or what?Or what?

POLYMERSPOLYMERS

large molecules made up of many large molecules made up of many smaller and identical repeating smaller and identical repeating units units

-> -> monomersmonomers These repeating units joins These repeating units joins

together by together by

covalent bondscovalent bonds

POLYMERSPOLYMERS

The chemical process that join The chemical process that join the monomers together the monomers together

- - POLYMERISATIONPOLYMERISATION

Polymerisation can be divided Polymerisation can be divided into 2 types :into 2 types : addition polymerisationaddition polymerisation condensation polymerisationcondensation polymerisation

POLYMERSPOLYMERS

Polymers can be divided into 2 Polymers can be divided into 2 types :types :

naturally occurring polymersnaturally occurring polymers

synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers

naturally occurring naturally occurring polymerspolymers

Polymers that exist in plants or Polymers that exist in plants or animalsanimals

Types of naturally occurring polymers Types of naturally occurring polymers proteinprotein : muscles: muscles carbohydrates carbohydrates : cellulose: cellulose natural rubbernatural rubber : latex: latex


Polymers made in industry from Polymers made in industry from chemical substanceschemical substances

Scientists are able to copy Scientists are able to copy structures of natural polymers to structures of natural polymers to produce synthetic polymers produce synthetic polymers trough scientific researchtrough scientific research


many of raw materials for many of raw materials for synthetic polymers are obtain synthetic polymers are obtain fromfrom

-> petroleum-> petroleum types of synthetic polymerstypes of synthetic polymers

plasticsplastics fibersfibers elastomerselastomers

plasticsplastics

composed of polymers of composed of polymers of carbon and hydrogen alone or with and hydrogen alone or with oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or sulfur in the backbone sulfur in the backbone

plasticsplastics

Properties of plastics :-Properties of plastics :- LightLight strong strong malleable malleable inert to chemicalinert to chemical insulators of electricity insulators of electricity

and heatand heat

plasticsplastics

example of plastics are :-example of plastics are :- polythene (polyethylene)polythene (polyethylene) polyvinylchloride (PVC)polyvinylchloride (PVC) polypropene (polypropylene)polypropene (polypropylene) polystyrenepolystyrene PerspexPerspex BakeliteBakelite

fibersfibers

long chain polymers that long chain polymers that withstand withstand stretchingstretching

example of fibers are :-example of fibers are :-polyamide nylon, polyamide nylon, teryleneterylenephenol-formaldehyde (PF)phenol-formaldehyde (PF)acrylic polymersacrylic polymers

elastomerselastomers

polymer that can regain its polymer that can regain its original shape after being original shape after being stretched or pressedstretched or pressed

example of elastomers are :-example of elastomers are :-Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)Polyisoprene (IR) Polyisoprene (IR) Polybutadiene (BR) Polybutadiene (BR) Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Chloroprene Rubber (CR)

What is What is the the

impacts impacts of of

synthetic synthetic polymers polymers towards towards

human human and and

environmenvironment?ent?

Environmental Environmental pollution pollution !!!!!!

Most of the polymers are non-Most of the polymers are non-biogradeablebiogradeable

Cannot be decomposed by Cannot be decomposed by bacteria / decomposerbacteria / decomposer

So… caused disposal problem So… caused disposal problem when polymer not decaywhen polymer not decay


Plastics items discardedPlastics items discarded Blockage of drainage systems & Blockage of drainage systems &

riversrivers So… caused flash floodsSo… caused flash floods


Polymer containers not buried in Polymer containers not buried in the groundthe ground

Become breeding ground for Become breeding ground for mosquitoesmosquitoes

So… caused diseases such as So… caused diseases such as denguedengue


The non-biogradeable polymers The non-biogradeable polymers thrown into rivers -> lakes -> thrown into rivers -> lakes -> seasseas

Swallowed by aquatic animalsSwallowed by aquatic animals Animals die due to chockingAnimals die due to chocking

That’s not the That’s not the only impacts of only impacts of

plasticsplastics

Ways to dispose Ways to dispose synthetic polymer synthetic polymer

properlyproperly PYROLISIS-burn without oxygenPYROLISIS-burn without oxygen

INCINERATION-gas is filteredINCINERATION-gas is filtered

INVENT A BIODEGRADEABLE INVENT A BIODEGRADEABLE SYNTHETIC POLYMERSYNTHETIC POLYMER

CATEGORY Code Example DENSITY

1 PETE Pop bottlePeanut butter jar

Mylar

1.38 – 1.39

2 HDPE Milk jugShampoo bottle

0.95 – 0.97

3 V Pipes and fittings, pill bottles, shower curtains, garden hoses, tile, leather like luggage and

upholstery

1.15 – 1.35

4 LDPE Trash bagsDiaper liners

0.92 – 0.94

5 PP Indoor/outdoor carpeting, kitchenware

0.90 – 0.91

6 PS StyrofoamPen casing

Clear plastic cups

1.05 – 1.07

7 OTHER Toothpaste and cosmetic containers

PRACTISING GOOD HABITS IN PRACTISING GOOD HABITS IN DISPOSING OF SYNTHETIC DISPOSING OF SYNTHETIC

POLYMERSPOLYMERS

1.1. Separate the synthetic Separate the synthetic polymers from other wastes.polymers from other wastes.

2.2. RecycleRecycle

3.3. ReuseReuse

3) State environmental disaster 3) State environmental disaster occurs due to improper disposal of occurs due to improper disposal of plastics.plastics.

Flash floodFlash flood

acid rainacid rain

Conclusions:-Conclusions:-

There are ways to dispose There are ways to dispose synthetic polymers:synthetic polymers:

a) pyrolisisa) pyrolisis

b) incenerationb) inceneration

c) use biodegradable c) use biodegradable synthetic synthetic polymerspolymers

Good habits in disposing of Good habits in disposing of synthetic polymers:synthetic polymers:

a) recyclea) recycle

b) reuseb) reuse

c) separate synthetic polymers c) separate synthetic polymers from from the other wastesthe other wastes

THANKTHANK

YOUYOU….!!!….!!!