pop diseases insectpests grapes

8/10/2019 POP Diseases InsectPests Grapes

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Technical Bulletin No. 8

PACKAGE OF PRACTICES FORMANAGING MAJOR DISEASES AND

INSECT PESTS ON GRAPES

NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GRAPES

(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)P.B. No. 3, Manjri Farm P.O., Solapur Road, PUNE - 412 307, India.

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PREFACE

Grape cultivation in India faces serious threat from several insect pests and

diseases. The major fungal diseases and insect pests include downy mildew, powdery

mildew, anthracnose and mealybug and thrips respectively which cause enormous

economic losses to grape sector every year.

Use of appropriate pesticide in right dose at right time holds the key for

effective pest management. Indiscriminate use of pesticides not only add to the cost of

production significantly, but also results in pesticide residues in the final produce and

also in soil and water.

This technical bulletin covers the practices including IPM package to be

followed at veraison stages of grape cultivation for the management of major diseasesand pest prevalent in Indian conditions. It covers not only the practices to be followed

but also the preventive measures to be taken for effectively implementing those

practices.

This bulletin will serve as a guideline for grape growers, State Govt. officers

and other stake holders besides grape researchers and students. I acknowledge the

guidance and help received from Dr. Mangala Rai, Secretary, DARE and Director

General, IACR, New Delhi; Dr. T.P. Rajendran, Assistant Director General (Plant

Protection) and Dr. S.N. Pandey, A Assistant Director General (Hort.). I alsoacknowledge my colleagues Dr. S.D. Sawant, Dr. N.S. Kulkarni, Dr. Indu S. Sawant,

and Dr. M. Mani in preparation of this bulletin in short time and Dr. Anuradha

Upadhyay for getting it printed.

Place: Manjri, Pune (P.G. ADSULE)

Date: March 2007 Director


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CONTENTS

1. Major diseases after foundation pruning (April to October) ..........................1

1.1 Downy mildew.......................................................................................11.2 Powdery mildew ....................................................................................2

1.3 Anthracnose ...........................................................................................3

2. Major diseases after forward pruning (October to April): ..............................5

2.1 Downy mildew.......................................................................................5

2.2 Powdery mildew ....................................................................................8

2.3 Post harvest berry rots caused by fungi ...............................................11

3. Major insect pests - after foundation pruning (April to October) ....................12

3.1 Mealybugs............................................................................................12

3.2 Flea beetle ............................................................................................14

3.3 Thrips and Hoppers..............................................................................14

4. Major insect pests - after forward pruning (October to April).........................15

4.1 Mealybugs............................................................................................15

4.2 Fleabeetle .............................................................................................174.3 Thrips and Hoppers..............................................................................17

4.4 Stem borers ..........................................................................................18

4.5 Mites ....................................................................................................19

5. General information about various insect pests of grape.................................21


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1. Major diseases after foundation pruning (April to October)

1.1 Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola(Berk. & Curt.) Berl. & de Toni)

What to do When to do Why to do How to do What not to do

Remove abnormal un-

harvested bunches fromvines and burn them.

Immediately after

harvesting is over.

Downy mildew infected

bunch contains oosporesin dead tissue whichhelps in survival ofpathogen during adverseconditions and act asprimary source of diseaseinoculum.

Symptomatic

bunches left invineyard aremanuallycollected anddisposed incompost pit.

Do not allow the

infected bunchesto remain invineyards.

Remove dead woodpresent on arms and

paste cut surfaces withBordeaux paste.

orSpray vineyard with 1 %Bordeaux mixture.

Within 1-2 days afterpruning.

Dead wood harbour theinoculum of downy

mildew andBotryodiplodia. Pastingon cut surfaces will avoidsecondary infection ofwood rotting fungi.

Dead wood isremoved with

the help ofknife andpasting is donewith flat paintbrush.

Application offungicide should

not be delayedmore than 2 daysof pruning.

Remove all shootsemerging from the crownnear ground.

Shoots hanging fromtrellises towards groundshould be tied on trellises

or can be removed if theyare extra.

During June and afteronset of monsoon.

To avoid nearness oftender leaves and shootsto soil.

If the shootssprouts arenoticed theyare rubbed off

Shootshanging from

trellises aretied on wireswith the help ofsutli (jutethread).

Do not allowsuch shoots afterJuly.

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Spray Bordeaux mixture0.5 % or Copperhydroxide 2.0 g/l or COC3.0 g/l at 15-20 days

interval to cover all rainyperiod.On an average aboutthree to four sprays maybe needed to cover allrainy days from June toSeptember.

After the outbreak ofmonsoon, and duringshort break aftercontinuous rainy

periods.

To control downy mildew. Sprayers withHTP pump canbe used.

About 400 l ofwater shouldbe used peracre to achievegood coverage.

pH of theBordeaux mixtureshould be 7 to7.5 and not be

allowed belowthis level.

Do not spray anyacidicsubstances afterthe sprays ofcopperfungicides.

1.2 Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator(Schw.) Burr.)


Spray Sulfur 2.0 g/l orPotassium bicarbonate5.0 g/l if powdery mildewis noticed.

During last week ofMay.

To control Powderymildew as it usuallyappears if dense canopyis developed duringsummer, especially afterflood irrigation.

Sprayers withHTP pump canbe used.During Mayonly 80-90 %canopy will bedeveloped,hence about320-360 l ofspray volume isrequired.

Do not spraySulfur iftemperatures arevery high (35 40

oC).

Spray Sulfur 2.0 g/l or

Dinocap 0.25 ml/l orPotassium bi carbonate10.0 g/l.

If cloudy weather

prevails without rainsmore than 2 mm rainfor 3 to 5 days duringJune to August.

To control powdery

mildew.

Sprayers with

HTP pump canbe used.Canopy will befull and 400 lspray volumeswill be needed.

Do not spray

Dinocap if tendershoots arepresent incanopy.

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Use of non-ionicspreaders along withpotassium bicarbonate @1.0 ml/4-5 l of spray

solution.

Whenever potassiumbicarbonate is used asspray.

To improve the bio-efficacy of potassiumbicarbonate.

Mix in spraysolution beforespraying @2ml/10 l.

-

One or two sprays ofBordeaux mixturesuggested for control ofdowny mildew can begiven after mixing sulfur@ 2.0 g/l.

After onset ofmonsoon, but if verylow incidence ofpowdery mildew isseen.

To control powderymildew.

Sprayers withHTP pump canbe used.Canopy will befull and 400 lspray volumeswill be needed.

pH of theBordeaux mixtureneeds to beadjusted to 7after mixingsulfur and notbefore mixingsulfur.

1.3 Anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina (de Bary) Shear)

What to do When to do Why to do How to do WhRemove all pruned materialaway from vineyard and disposein compost pit.

As early aspossible afterpruning.

If pruned material is retainedclose to vineyard and open onsoil surface, it may get wet withrain and air borne spores of thepathogens such as ElsinoeandBotryodiplodiawill again infectnew shoots.

Collect the prunedwaste in tractortrolley and dump it incompost pit.

Do pruneadur

Broad spectrum fungicideMancozeb (6.0 g/l) orCarbendazim (2.0 g/l) along withhydrogen cyanamide used aspasting on cane for uniformsprouting.

During pasting ofcanes withhydrogencyanamide.

To kill left over inoculum fromcane effectively.

Swabbing on canes. -

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2. Major diseases after forward pruning (October to April):

2.1 Downy mildew

What to do When to do Why to do How to do

Downy mildew infected

leaves should beselectively collected anddisposed in compost pit.

Just before forward

pruning.

To reduce inoculum of downy mildew in

vineyard.

Collect infected

leaves and disposein compost pit.

Spray 1% BordeauxMixture as preventivemeasure.

Within 1-2 days offorward pruning.

To reduce general disease inoculum onplant surface.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be used.Canopy will be only70% and 280 l

spray volumes willbe needed.

Afunm

o

Mix mancozeb 6.0 g/lwith Hydrogencynamide solution forswabbing canes.

At the time of pastingcanes with Hydrogencyanamide.

To reduce inoculum of downy mildewfrom canes effectively.

Swabbing oncanes.

-

Spray 0.5 % Bordeauxmixture in un-prunedblock close to prunedblock.

Whenever un-prunedblock in close vicinityof pruned block is notlikely to be prunedwithin 5-8 days.

To avoid spread of active diseaseinoculum from un-pruned block.

Sprayers with HTPpump can beused.Canopy will be100% and 400 l


Tbbse

p

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What to do When to do Why to do How to do

Spray any of thefungicides (Metalxyl +Mancozeb) 72 WP, 2.5g/l or (Cymoxanil +

Mancozab) 72 WP, 3.0g/l or Fosetyl Al 3.0 g/lor any formulationcontaining potassiumsalt of phosphonic acid3.0 ml/l orDimethomorph 50 WP,0.8 g + mancozeb 75WP2.0 g/l as tank mix, orAzoxystrobin 23SC 200ml/acre.Total three fungicidesprays to cover 15 to 30

days.

First spray at three leaf stage(i.e. 15 days after forwardpruning)

and then two more sprays at 5-10 days interval coinciding with5 and 7 leaf stages.

The disease first appears atthree leaf stages and can bevery destructive and fastspreading till fruitset (i.e. up

to 50 days after pruning) andpreventive sprays areessential.Presence of free moisture onleaves or bunch for 2 to 3hours after sunrise is neededfor new infection. Hencespray is required only if suchconditions are present.

Sprayers with HTPpump can beused.Canopy will be only

70 % at first sprayand 80 % atsubsequent sprays.Hence 280 l, and320 l sprayvolumes will beneeded forrespective sprays.

Dsins

Spray copper fungicides(Copper hydroxide 2.0g/l or COC 3.0 g/l) or anyother non systemicfungicides viz. captan ,mancozeb, chlorothalnil@ 2.0 g/l after 3 to 4days after 2

ndor 3

rd

spray of systemic

fungicides suggestedabove. If wet conditionsdo not prevail, one of thesuggested sprays ofsystemic fungicide couldbe replaced by spray ofnon-systemic fungicide.

Spray as preventive sprayswhen interval between twosystemic fungicides suggestedabove is longer than 10 daysdue to unfavourable weatherconditions.

Use of non-systemicfungicides help in preventingresistance in systemicfungicides.

Sprayers with HTPpump can beused.Canopy will be80% hence, 320 lspray volumes willbe needed.

-

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What to do When to do Why to do How to do What not to

do

Spray Fosetyl Al 3.0 g/l insolution of GA prepared forspray.

Along with GAsprays givenafter 25 -30

days ofpruning.

GA sprays increase succulencein new shoots as well ashumidity in the canopy, and

increase the chances of downymildew infection. So for thecontrol of downy mildew FosetylAl is useful.

Fosetyl Al solution is acidic andimproves GA uptake.

Normally 2 to 3sprays of GA aregiven. Only one

or two of thesesprays,preferablysecond and thirdspray may begiven along withFosetyl Al.

-

The fungicide ismixed in GAsolution preparedfor dipping.

-Add any of the systemicfungicides suggested abovefor the control of downymildew in GA solution usedfor dipping at recommendedspray concentration.

At the time ofGA dippinggiven after fruit-set.

To prevent spread of the downymildew selectively on bunchesthrough GA solution used fordipping. While doing GAdipping of bunches, if bunchinfected with downy mildew isunknowingly dipped in thesolution, the solution iscontaminated with spores andselectively spreads downymildew on bunches.

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2.2 Powdery mildew

What to do When to do Why to do How to do What not

Spray Sulfur 2.0 g/l orSpray Penconazole 0.5 ml/l(PHI 50 days), or Flusilazole

25 ml/l (PHI 50 days),orTridemefon 1.0 g/l (PHI 45days).Two sprays of one each fromthe above fungicides may berequired to cover the periodfrom flowering to fruit set.

Flowering tofruit-set(about 35 to

50 days ofpruning).

To control powdery mildew.Many times if cloudy climateprevails powdery mildew can

develop sporadically in vineyardsleading to development ofinoculum. Infection of powderymildew on rachis near maturitydevelops only when earlyinfection of powdery mildewduring flowering to fruit-set isnoticed in vineyards.

Sprayers withHTP pump canbe used.

Canopy will be80% hence, 320 lspray volumeswill be needed.

Avoid spraysulfer after set.

Sprays ofsystemicfungicide wlong PHI (PHarvest Inteare preferreduring thisperiod.

Spray penconazole 0.5 ml/l(PHI 50 days) or tridemefon1.0 g/l (PHI 45 days) or

hexaconazole 1.0 ml/l (PHI38 days) or myclobutanil 0.4g/l (PHI 30 days).

Apply one spray of each ofthe fungicides suggestedabove at an interval of 10days to cover 40 days period.While deciding sequence,PHI and expected time ofharvest may be taken in toconsideration.

Four sprays at10 daysinterval from

fruit-set toveraison(50 to 60 daysafter pruning).

After 50 days of forward pruningthe temperature drops downconsiderably. The canopy

becomes dense and microclimatewithin is most suitable fordevelopment of powdery mildew.Cloudy days with less light andrelatively warmer temperature(20-25

oC) are most favourable for

disease development.During these 40 days bunchdevelops and it is physiologicallymost active. Hence, it is mostappropriate time for use ofsystemic fungicides. Use of non-systemic fungicides during this

period protect leaves frompowdery mildew but fail to protectbunches. Use of systemicfungicides during this period isthus unavoidable.

Sprayers withHTP pump canbe used.

Canopy will be100% hence, 400l spray volumeswill be needed

Spray of anthe fungicidshould not

repeated duthis period.

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What to do When to do Why to do How to do What not

Any of the systemicfungicides mentioned abovecan be sprayed after mixingpotassium bi carbonate

5.0 g/l.

-do- Use of non-systemic fungicide willhelp in reducing chances ofresistance development forsystemic fungicides

Use of potassium bicarbonatealongwith systemic fungicidesimproves the curative action andprovides better control of thedisease.

Sprayers withHTP pump canbe usedCanopy will be

100% hence, 400l spray volumeswill be needed.

Do not sprapotassiumbicarbonateveraison.

Mono Potassium Potassium bicarbonatePHI NA

Dinocap

75-85 days65-75 days55-65 days

TriadimePHI 45 d

PenconazolePHI 50 days

HexaconazolePHI 38 days

MyclobutanilPHI 30days

One Systemic fungicides spray at 10 days interval Starting from 50 days

If diseases risk is noticed after systemic fungicide do not repeat spray ofungicide, but use non-systemic fungicide or potassium salts

Scheme for judicious use of systemic fungicides for powdery m

10 days(8090 da

10 days(70-80 days)

10 days(60-70 days)

10 days(50-60 days)

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What to do When to do Why to do How to do What n

Between two sprays ofsystemic fungicidesnon-systemic fungicide

Dinocap 30 ml/100 lwater can be sprayed.

Up to 65-70 days afterpruning.

Use of non-systemicfungicide will help in reducingchances of resistance

development for systemicfungicides.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be used.Canopy will be 100%,

hence, 400 l sprayvolumes will beneeded.

Do not sDinocapshoots a

in canopDo no sp80 days pruning.

The sprays ofpotassium sourcespotassium nitrates /potassium sulphate /monopotassiumphosphate @ 2-3 g/lcan be given betweentwo sprays of systemicfungicides suggestedabove.

70 to 80 days ofpruning.

To ensure that vines do notsuffer from potassiumdeficiency.Potassium deficiency in vinesleads to more infection ofpowdery mildew. Potassiumdeficiency cause upwardcurling of leaves. The curledleaves are more susceptibleto disease, and inside curledarea better microclimate forpowdery mildew developmentis created.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be usedCanopy will be 100%hence, 400 l sprayvolumes will beneeded.

Do not gthan oneMonopophospha

Spray systemicfungicide Myclobutanil0.4 g/l purposemyclobutanil is used forspray once after 50 60days of forward pruningand then again after 90days of forward pruning.

Can be sprayed till100-110 days afterpruning.

To control powdery mildewinfection on rachis.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be used.Canopy will be 100%hence, 400 l sprayvolumes will beneeded.

It can beprovidedduring lathe samewas not and therleast 30 for harve

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What to do When to do Why to do How to do Wh

Spray HP Grape Spray oil 5 7 ml/l or Tricure(Azadirachtin 0.03 %) 5 ml/l.

If less than 30days are left forharvest and

powdery mildewon rachis isnoticed.

Control powdery mildew on rachis.HP grape spray oil contains mineraloil, while Tricure contains neem

extract with 0.03% azadirechtin. Boththese products are safe and permittedeven for organic farming, and hencecan be used near harvesting withoutthe risk of residue.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be used.Canopy will be

100% hence, 400 lspray volumes willbe needed.

Beforof theis adv

on feensuis no scorcon be

2.3 Post harvest berry rots caused by fungi (Cladosporium, Alternaria , Botryodiplodia, Rhizopus

What to do When to do Why to do How to do Wh

Spray Iprodion 2 g/l (PHI 7days) for control of postharvest berry rot.

7-15 days beforeharvesting.

For chemical control of post harvestberry rot.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be used.Canopy will be100% hence, 400 l


Do nodays after Trich

Pre harvest spray treatmentof Trichodermaspp. withliquid formulations @ 5 ml/l.

Two spraysabout 15 daysbefore harvest atweekly interval.In the event ofrains applicationof Trichodermacan bepreponed.

Control of post harvest berry rots.

It also helps I bio-remediation ofpesticide residue on berries.

Sprayers with HTPpump can be used.Canopy will be100% hence, 400 lspray volumes willbe needed.

Note: NRC for Grapes has also developed disease forecasting based disease management strategies. Risk of diffeclimate at three days interval and decision on spray of fungicide is taken only if the risk of disease is predictinstalled at different KVK and co-operative societies exporting grapes. Growers may collect the information frtaking decisions on above suggested fungicide sprays. It will be useful to them to reduce number of fungicide sprisk is low.

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3. Major insect pests - after foundation pruning (April to October)

3.1 Mealybugs


Removal and destruction of

loose bark and swabbing ofstem and arms with 2 ml ofDichlorvos 76 EC + 2 g of fishoil resin soap in a litre of water.

Immediately

after pruning.

This is done to expose

hiding population ofmealybugs, eggs of fleabeetle and destroy them

Removal of bark is

done by using knivesand swabbing is doneusing hand gloves andbrush.

Should not dum

the removed bin the vineyard

Application of sticky bands likeTrack-trap or Bird TangleFoot on arms or on main stembefore appearance of mealybugs on canes or bunches.

Immediatelyafter pruning.

This is done to preventcrawlers of mealybugsreaching the bunch andalso to preventmovement of ants.

Sticky bandapplication is donemechanically or byhand.

Do not incorpothe prunedmaterial in the

Removal of weeds andalternate host plants likehibiscus, bhindi, custard apple,guava etc in and nearbyvineyards.


Weeds and alternatehost plants helps inharboring insect pestslike thrips andmealybugs.

Weeding either bymanual weeding/ useof herbicide.

Do not dump tremoved weedand alternate hplants in thevineyard.

Locating of ant colonies and

destroy them with drenching ofChlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2 .5ml/l or apply Malathion dust @25 kg/ac.

Round the

year.

Ants helps in spreading of

mealybugs and they alsointerfere with themealybug predatorladybird beetle and othernatural enemies.

Ants management by

application ofinsecticides or bydusting or poison baitinaround identified anthills.

Indiscriminate

insecticideapplication is tavoided.

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Foliar spray of Methomyl 40 SP@ 1 g/l or Dichlorvos 76% EC@ 2ml/l.

30-45 daysafter pruning.

To reduce thepopulation ofmealybugs.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted high volume

sprayer/ knap sacksprayer according tocanopy size.

Do not mix theinsecticides wigrowth regulatwithout verifyin

the compatibili

Spraying of Phosalone 35 ECor Malathian 50 EC 2 ml/l.



Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted high volumesprayer/ knap sacksprayer.

Do not repeat same insectici2-3 timescontinuously.

Release of Australian ladybeetle adult/ grubCryptolaemus montrouzieri @

10,000 per ha / year.


Predators are effectivein killing all stages ofmealybugs.

Predator release isdone @ 5000 beetles/ha, two times in a

season especiallyduring August-September andDecember-January.

Avoid sprayingpesticides.

Foliar spray of Verticilliumlecanii/Beauveria bassiana(2x10

8cfu/ml ) @ 5 g/ ml/l.

105-120 daysafter pruningduring high

humidmonths.


Foliar spray ofbiopesticides is donethrough tractor

mounted high volumesprayer/ knap sacksprayer.

Should not mixbio-pesticides fungicides. Wi

be effective in months.

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3.2 Flea beetle



To reduce thepopulation offleabeetle.

Foliar spray of Carbaryl 50 WP@ 2 g/l.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractor mounted

high volume sprayer/knap sack sprayer.

Carbaryl shouldnot be sprayedafter fruit set.

3.3 Thrips and Hoppers


Foliar spray of Imidacloprid 200SL @ 0.3 ml/l or Thiamethoxam25 WG @ 0.25 g/l or Lambda-cyhalothrin 05 EC @ 0.5 ml/l.

60-75 days afterpruning.

To reduce thepopulation ofthrips andhoppers.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted highvolume sprayer/knap sack sprayer.

Same insecticidis not repeated 23 times in aseason.

Foliar spray of Azadirachtin 1%@ 2 ml/l or 5% @ 1 ml/l.


Neemformulations detersap sucking pestsfrom feeding ontender tissues.

Biopesticides andbotanicals aresprayed likepesticides.

Should not bemixed withsulphur andcopperfungicides.

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4. Major insect pests - after forward pruning (October to April)

4.1 Mealybugs


Removal and destroy of loose

bark and swabbing of stemand arms with 2 ml ofDichlorvos 76 EC + 2 g of fishoil resin soap in a liter ofwater.

Immediately

after pruning.

This is done to

expose hidingpopulation ofmealybugs, eggsof flea beetle anddestroy them.

Removal of bark is

done using knivesand swabbing isdone using handgloves and brush.

Should not dump

the removed barkin the vineyard.

L

coh

Application of sticky bandsTrack-trap or Bird TangleFoot on arms or on mainstem.


This is done toprevent crawlers ofmealybugsreaching the bunchand also to preventmovement of ants.

Sticky bandapplication is donemechanically or byhand.

Do not incorporatethe pruned materialin the soil.

Pmpmhd

Removal of weeds and

alternate host plants likehibiscus, bhindi, custardapple, guava etc in vineyards.

Immediately

after pruning.

Weed and

alternate hostplants helps inharboring insectpests like thripsand mealybugs.

Weeding either

manually or withpermittedherbicides.

Do not dump the

weeds andalternate hostplants in thevineyard.

W

acpahcd

Locating of ant colonies anddestroy them with drenchingof Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/l or apply Malathion dust @25 kg/ac.

Round the year. Ants help inspreading ofmealybugs andthey also interferewith the mealybugpredator ladybirdbeetle and othernatural enemies.

Ants managementby application ofinsecticides or bydusting or poisonbaiting aroundidentified ant hills.

Indiscriminateinsecticideapplication is to beavoided.

Arwhi

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Foliar spray of Methomyl 40SP @ 1 g/l or Dichlorvos 76%EC 2ml/l.



Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted high

volume sprayer/knap sack sprayer.

Do not keep thedense canopy inthe vineyard at thisstage.

Itm

Spraying of Buprofezin 25 SC@ 1000-1125 ml/ha.


Effective againstmealybugs.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted highvolume sprayer/knap sack sprayer.

Same insecticide isnot repeated 2-3times in a season.

Iapi

Release of Australian ladybeetle adult/grubCryptolaemus montrouzieri @10,000 per ha / year.


Predators areeffective in killingall stages ofmealybugs.

Predator release isdone @ 5000beetles / ha, twotimes in a season

especially duringAugust-Septemberand December-January.

Avoid sprayingpesticides.

Pdbb

Foliar spray of Verticilliumlecaniior Beauveria bassiana(2x10

8cfu/ml ) @ 5 g/ ml/l.


Biopesticides areeffective when theenvironmentalconditions arefavourable.


Should not mix bio-pesticides andfungicides.

Fb

Spraying of Buprofezin 25 SC@ 1000-1125 ml/ha.

105 -120 daysafter pruning.

Effective againstmealybugs.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractor

mounted highvolume sprayer/knap sack sprayer.

Should not be usedthrough dripirrigation.

Bca

tt

Foliar spray of Azadirachtin1% @ 2 ml/l or 5% @ 1 ml/l.


Neem formulationsdeter sap suckingpests from feedingon tender tissues.


Should not bemixed with sulphurand copperfungicides.

Lp

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Foliar spray of Imidacloprid200 SL @ 0.3 ml/l orThiamethoxam 25 WG @0.25 g/l or Lambda-cyhalothrin

5 EC @ 0.5 ml/l.


These aresystemicinsecticides andeffective against

sucking insects.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted high

volume sprayer/knap sack sprayer.

Should not applyexcessNitrogenousfertilizers.

EEbs

ib

Spraying Spinosad 45 SC @0.25 ml/l or Emamectinbenzoate 0.22 g/l.


These are naturalproducts andeffective againstthrips.

Foliar spray ofinsecticides is donethrough tractormounted highvolume sprayer/knap sack sprayerbased on canopysize.

Do not keep thedense canopy inthe vineyard. Avoidexcess ofnitrogenousfertilizers.

Efbpfi

4.4 Stem borers

What to do When to do Why to do How to do What not to do Wh60-75 days afterpruning.

To kill the larvalstage of stemborer.

Injecting vines with 2 ml ofDichlorvos 76% EC.

Making hole andinjecting withsyringe.

Healthy treesshould not beinjecting withinsecticide.

Injectinlike onmeasu

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4.5 Mites


Foliar spray ofAzadirachtin 1% @2 ml/l or 5% @ 1 ml/l

or Difenthiuron 0. 8g/l.

75-90 days after pruning. Neemformulationsdeter sap

sucking pestsfrom feeding ontender tissues.Difenthiuron isacaricide.

Biopesticides andbotanicals aresprayed like

pesticides.

Should not bemixed with sulphurand copper

fungicides.

Foliar spray ofAzadirachtin 1% @2 ml/l or 5% @ 1 ml/l.

90-105 days after pruning. Neemformulationsdeter sapsucking pestsfrom feeding ontender tissues.


Should not bemixed with sulphurand copperfungicides.

General precautions:

1. All the doses mentioned above are for high volume sprayers, where normal spray volume is 1000 L/ha.

2. Spray volume can however, be changed as per efficiency of sprayers used and canopy size.

3. Select appropriate spraying appliance according to canopy size and nature of pesticides to be applied.

4. Biopesticides must be sprayed in early morning or late evening i.e. especially in the cool hours.

5. Growers should use only the pesticides which are permitted for use in grapes by Central Insecticide Board, Govt o

6. Growers should not mix any pesticides, growth regulators and any other chemicals without verifying their compatib

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5. General information about various insect pests of grape

By and large, the major insect pests in the grapes are found to be mealybugs, thrips,fleabeetle, leafhoppers, stem borer and mites in order of their economic damage to the crop. Sincethe grape is a perennial crop, one has to look after full one year cycle of the crop where both thestages i.e. vegetative growth and fruit development takes place. Considering these facts, the

strategy for the management of insect pests is worked out.i. Mealybugs-Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Planococcus citri

Mealybugs are very important insect pests and they occur throughout the year and theirmanagement is very crucial near harvest. However, mealybug management can be planned well inadvance especially immediately after both April and October pruning.

ii. Thrips- Scirtothrips dorsalis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatis

Thrips are very important insect pests and they occur throughout the year and theirmanagement is very crucial during flowering and berry setting period (November -December).

iii. Fleabeetle-Scelodonta strigicollis

Fleabeetle occurs immediately after both foundation and back pruning and their management

is crucial immediately after both pruning.iv. Leaf hoppers-Arboridia viniferata

Hoppers are very important insect pests and they occur throughout the year and theirmanagement is very crucial during flowering period (November -December).

v. Stem borer-Celosterna scabrator

Incidence of stem borer is more after foundation pruning especially during November-January.

vi. Mites-Tetranychus urticae

Mites are becoming important pests in recent years and their management is crucial duringDecember-February months.

pop diseases insectpests grapes

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