port and harbor engineering 5
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Port and Harbor Engineering
Radianta TriatmadjaLecture note 5
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Basin Design
Basin DesignResume of the 4th Lecture
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Tidal constants
n
ii
ii T
tA1
2cos
Amplitude
Phase
Period
Phase : change with time and place
Amplitude : change with location but not with time
Period : Doesn’t change with time and location
N = 200, 9 are normally used
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Most ImportantTidal Constants
• S2 • M2• O1• K1
MWL = Mean Water LevelHWL = High Water LevelLWL = Low Water LevelCDL = Chart Datum LevelCDL = MWL-Amplitude of (S2+M2+O1+K1)
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40.Air Pelayaran Sebelah Barat Surabaya (Karang Jamuang)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Time
Elev
asi
An Example of Water level Fluctuation
hours
dm
NeapSpring
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Tidal Constant
Main lunar semi-diurnal componentMain Solar semi-diurnal componentLunar component due to monthly variation in moon’s distance from earth
Soli-lunar constituent due to changes in declination of sun and moon throughout their orbital cycle
Soli-lunar componentMain lunar diurnal componentMain solar diurnal component
Moon’s biweekly component
12.4212.0012.66
11.97
23,9325.8224.07
327.86
M2S2N2
K2
K1O1P1
123
4
56 7
8
Semi diurnal
Diurnal
Long period
RemarkPeriod(hrs)
Symbol
NoType of Tides
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Ship : 8000 DWT
MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6.
Dredging 0.5; Sounding tolerance = 0.5, Sediment = 0.5 m
Volume of Dredging ?
CDL = 0.0- (0.2+0.3+0.4+0.6) = - 1.50 m
Draft = 8.0 m
Basin Depth = 8.0x 1.14= 9.1 m
Depth required for dredging = 9.1+1.5=10.6 m
Bottom level = -1.50 -10.6 = -12.10 m
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Example
-2
-4
-6
-10
-15
-20
-0
Ship : 8000 DWT (2 ships maximum at a time) 1000 DWT (12 Ships at a time)
MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6
Volume of Dredging ?
1500 m
1000 m
200 m
Harbor
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Size of Basin
Basin area should accommodate:• Space for Berthing (loading & unloading)• Space for ships anchored • Space for ships maneuver (Waterway
should be clear all time)
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Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships
1.22280230300001.21240198200001.23220179150001.23190154100001.2017014280001.2515012050001.211209930001.14100882000
LOB/LOALength Of Berth
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (GT)
Average LOB/LOA = 1.21
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Size of Wharf and area of berthCargo Ships
1.273302591000001.30280216500001.29240186300001.24170137100001.2716012680001.1913010950001.201109230001.2580641000
LOB/LOALength Of Berth
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (DWT)
Average LOB/LOA = 1.25
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Wharf and Pier
LOA LOA
LOB
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Wharf and Pier
LOALOB
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Example
• After some analysis it was found that the wharf should be able to serve 3 passanger ships at the same time. All of them are 3000 GT. How long is the total Wharf length?
Answer :According to table >> Each ships should
have 120 meter of berth. The total berthing space is 360 meters.
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Area of Basin for Anchorage
L+4 D +145 mWind Velocity 30m/s
L+3 D +90 mWind Velocity 20m/sMooring during Storm
L+4.5D +25 mBad anchoring
L+4.5D Good anchoringMooring with 2 Anchors
L+6D+30 mBad anchoring
L +6DGood anchoringSwinging mooring
Offshore waiting or Cargo handling
RadiusSea bed, Soil, or Wind
Mooring TypeObjective
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Area of Basin for Ship Maneuvering
Turning Basin• At least equals the area of circle with R
=1.5 L
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Calmness of the Basin
0.7 ~ 1.5Very Large Vessel(> 50 000 GT)
0.5 meterIntermediate and Large Vessels
0.3 meterSmall Vessel( < 500 GT)
Maximum Wave Height (H33)
Size of Ship
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Example
• The amplitude of M2, S2, O1 and K1 are 0.5 m, 0.3 m, 0.1 m and 0.2 m respectively.
What is the quay wall crown level for large ships?
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Length of Berth
5015)1( nnLL OAPeLd P 2
)2/(3 edAb
ed
15 m 25 m
Lp
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Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships (one)
280240220190170150120100
Length Of Berth(OCDI)
1.0280230300000.96248198200000.96229179150000.93204154100000.8819214280000.8817012050000.801499930000.75133882000
LOB/LOA(OCDI/BT)
Length Of Berth(BT)
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (GT)
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Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships (three ships)
840720660570510450360300
Length Of Berth
1.22770230300001.21674198200001.23617179150001.23542154100001.2050614280001.2544012050001.213779930001.14344882000
LOB/LOALength Of Berth (BT)
Length of Ship (LOA)
Size (GT)
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0100200300400
500600700800900
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Gross Ton
Berth Length
OCDI
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Example of Wharf
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Crown Height of QuayWallsAbove HWL
0.5 ~ 1.5 m0.3 ~ 1.0 mFor Small ship (Draft < 4.5 m)
1.0 ~ 2.0 m0.5 ~ 1.5 mFor Large Ship (Draft > 4.5 m)
Tidal Range < 3.0 meter
Tidal Range >=3.0 meter
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Crown Elevation
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Problems of Appron Elevation
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Floating Wharf
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Width of Pier
LOALOB
B
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Small Pier
Office Office
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Small Passenger pier
Office
Water depth sufficient no dredging required
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Space beteween ships35 – 50 m