Index

MY LEARNING PROCESS ..............................................................................................................................................1

Modals to Express Degrees of Necessity ..................................................................................................................2

Grammar Notes ..................................................................................................................................................................3

Modals to Express Degrees of Certainty ..................................................................................................................6

Grammar Notes ..................................................................................................................................................................7

Scanned Documents ..................................................................................................................................................9

Proofread Documents ............................................................................................................................................. 14

Final Test ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Pictionary ................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Appendix ................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Interesting Facts ................................................................................................................................................................ 19

1

MY LEARNING PROCESS HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL

COURSE: Language Arts III TEACHER: Ana Lucia Perez Garcia UNIT: Second Academic Unit (March 2- April 13) GRADE: 6th Bilingual / 6th Accounting

UNIT COMPETENCE: Creates business-related documents in a variety of contexts applying vocabulary, grammatical structures, and topics seen throughout the unit while following American Business Guidelines in form and format.

ACHIEVEMENT INDICATORS ASSESMENT ACTIVITIES DATES PER

WEEK SCORING CONTROL

Differentiates the usage of verb tenses and various grammatical elements in review worksheets.

1. Grammar (4)

Sentences and Fragments Modals (Necessity) Modals (Certainty) Topic Sentences

March 10 March 17 March 24 April 10

/100 /100 /100 /100

Organizes documents and proofread written assignments in a chronological order following rubric, teacher instructions, and editing techniques in the digital portfolio to maintain information which can be readily accessed upon request.

2. Portfolio (Digital)

Pictionary, Summary of Grammar Notes, Examples, Scanned and Proofread Documents uploaded to Issuu **Rubric provided

Throughout the Unit April 9

/100

Communicates effectively in oral form using appropriate vocabulary, grammatical elements, pronunciation, and fluency.

3. Speaking (3)

Modals Toeic Speaking Topics Debate (Ted Conference)

Throughout the Unit

/100 /100 /100

Produces writings that contain appropriate vocabulary, spelling, organization, content, and coherence..

4. Writing (2)

Travel experience pg. 47 Cultural Background pg. 86

March 10 April 8

/100 /100

Retains and extracts information when listening and is able to answer questions related to information extracted upon request.

5. Listening (2) Throughout the Unit

/100 /100

6. Reading (3 extensive readings)

Throughout the Unit

/100 /100 /100

Answers a test integrating acquired knowledge and critical thinking on the situation presented.

7. Unit Two Final Test (Platform):

Grammatical Elements Vocabulary Listening and Reading

Comprehension

April 7

/100

NOTE: Dates are subject to change. All students must have this learning printed in their notebook and they must register their grades.

2

Modals to Express Degrees of Necessity

3

Grammar Notes

1

Modals are auxiliary verbs. The modals are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, and had better. Use Simple Modals to show degrees of necessity in the present and the future. Use Perfect Modals to show degrees of necessity in the past. Modals are used to talk about obligations, advice, expectations, and suggestions.

She could play with your brother.

They should bring a bottle. Ana must know about it.

2 Some modal-like expressions have meanings equivalent to or similar to meanings of modals: Must = have to, have got to Should = ought to May = be allowed to

You have to start your

homework.

Mila ought to play soccer.

Luis may use the ticket.

3 Had better is like should and ought to but stronger. Use had better to give a warning that something bad or negative will happen if advice isn’t followed.

Jorge had better arrive

here.

They had better avoid you.

Hadn’t you better playing

tennis his season?

4

4

Use must not to say that it is necessary not to do something (that is prohibited). Use don’t/doesn’t have to + base form to say that something is not necessary. In the past, use didn’t have to + base form to say that something was not necessary. BE CAREFUL! Although must and have to have similar meanings, must not and don’t have to have very different meanings.

You must not avoid people

when you’re angry.

Wilfredo didn’t have to

fight.

We mustn’t loose the party

tickets.

5 Use should or ought to to offer advice. Use should have/ought to have + past participle to express advice about past situations. Suggest that the action did not happen. NOTE: We can use shall in questions to ask for advice or direction. It is only used with I or we.

Regina should bring the

glass here.

We ought to have played

with the ball.

Shall Danny get these

cellphone?

6 Use could or might + base form to make polite, not-too-strong suggestions about the present or future.

Use could or might + past participle to make polite suggestions about a past opportunity.

Federico could take them

here.

Vero might bring your food.

You could have taken the

water.

5

7 Use be supposed to to show an expectation. Only in the present and the past. In the past, the affirmative suggests that the action didn’t happen. The negative suggests that the action did happen. You can use be to + base form in more formal English to express a strong expectation.

Teddy were supposed to

make you happy.

We were supposed to take

the bus early.

All of you are to visit the

new office.

8

Use must, have to, and have got to to show strong necessity.

Use must in more formal English to show a very strong obligation that can’t be escaped.

Use have to in all forms and situations.

Use have got to in conversation and informal writing.

Use will have to show future necessity.

BE CAREFUL! Use had to + base form to show past necessity.

Rodrigo must have to be

here in 10 minutes.

They must eat this

hamburgers now.

Sara will have to take a

shower.

6

Modals to Express Degrees of Certainty

7

Grammar Notes

1 We use modals and modal-like expressions to express different degrees of certainty. When we want to state a fact we are absolutely 100% sure of, we don’t use modals.

Polar bears must be starving. (99%)

He might be at home. (50%) Your fruit is sweet. (100%)

2 Use must/have/have got to + base form when you are speculation about the present and are almost certain. To make a negative speculating use can’t/couldn’t. Use must not + base form when you are slightly less certain. NOTE: Don’t contract must not. In questions, use could/couldn’t + base form.

He must know about it. We must not be ok. Could that be the right

reason?

3 Use may/might/could + base form when you are speculating about the present and are less certain. Use may not/might not + base form in the negative. BE CAREFUL! NEVER contract might not. In questions, use could/might + base form.

We may go to the party. She mightn't be able to

come. Maria could have won the

lottery.

8

4 Use must have/had to have + past participle when you are speculating about the past and are almost certain. In negative, use can’t have/couldn’t have + past participle to suggest impossibility. Use must not have + past participle when you are slightly less certain. In questions, use can have/could have + past participle.

Luisa had to have bought a car.

They had to have visited my country to know that.

Carlos must not have took the train.

5 When you are speculating about the past and are less certain (about 50%) use may have/might have/could have

+ past participle.

BE CAREFUL! Could have + past participle has two meanings. In the negative, use may not have/might not have + past

participle. In questions, use might have / could have + past participle.

He may have gotten a big problem there.

Could they have had a daughter before?

Wilson may not have found his cellphone.

6 Use should/ought to + base form when you are almost certain about a future action or event.

We should be able to go to Spain.

They ought to climb the mountain next year.

7 Use may/might/could + base form when you are less certain about a future action or event. In the negative, use may/might + not/never + base form.

They may know it tomorrow. We might not enter to the

next course. Luisa could know about it.

9

Scanned Documents

10

11

12

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14

Proofread Documents

By: Sara Cifuentes Everybody likes to take vacations. Some take trips with their family, others with

their friend and also there is a few people that prefer to travel alone sometimes. In my

case, I always travel with my family but there is a trip I will never forget because it was

my first trip with friends, there were no one of my family just my friends. It is positive to

travel with your friends, you can learn some amazing things together.

At the end of 2014, my friend Mónica invited me to her birthday trip to Tecpan. I

was so excited because it was my first time without my complete family. We were a

group of four friends of my schools and it was an adventure to get to her house since

she lives a bit far from where we live. The journey was going to begin the next morning,

so we decided to stay to sleep together and make a sleepover which was an amazing

idea, we had a night full of laughs and happiness.

Then, the next morning we woke up early to leave for our birthday trip. None of

us wanted to get up but if we went late to the restaurant we were not going to be on

time to get breakfast so we rushed with our clothes and make up. We got into the car

and started our journey. When we got to a road we realized that the traffic was worse

than we thought ... we lost about half an hour in the same place and what at first was

laughter in four girls in the car became four girls sleeping because the sun was

exhausting.

Without realizing it, when we opened our eyes we had already reached the

restaurant. We forgot the traffic and got inside happy and very hungry. We took as

many pictures as we could. The food was delicious, I don’t know whether it was true

that we were hungry or if really it was the best food I've taste. We sang happy birthday

to our friend, we laughed about a video of "El Buki" but, above all, the most important is

that we spent an unforgettable moment.

In the end I can conclude that taking vacations or just a one day trip with your

friends is very positive because you spend time with them, you laugh about almost

every single thing you can, you clear your mind of all things of your school or work, you

really relax and it's very healthy for your mind and heart. It’s definitely something that

everyone should do to live happier and better.

15

Mythological creature that blows fire? By: Sara Cifuentes

Have you ever seen a film in which a dragon appeared? I'm sure we have all seen

more than once in our life a dragon on TV, read about one in a book, cartoon, etc. There is a

great variety of movies or TV series in which dragons could not miss for any reason because

they play an important role in history. Most of the time they are usually guardians of something

or someone and are described as malevolent and they are rarely part of the group of heroes

or the good ones.

Like any other mystery of this world, dragons have never been seen in public in front of

thousands of people and there is no evidence that proves they really existed but likewise

there is no evidence to show they never existed. A dragon is a mythological creature

represented by a reptile. Dragons were mostly envisaged as serpents, but since the Middle

Ages, it has become common to depict them with legs, resembling a lizard.

The dragon is attributed qualities and abilities such as being possessor of great wisdom

and knowledge or great sin of avarice and greed that leads to devastate entire populations

to pile huge treasures. Many dragons usually look like a big lizard or crocodile, winged, fire-

breathing, horns and great ferocity. Different cultures have described this mythological

creature thousands of years ago when there was no communication yet as today.

First, According to an ancient creation myth, the Vietnamese people are descended

from a dragon and a fairy. It represents the emperor, the prosperity and power of the nation.

In China, dragons can be found in artifacts from the Shang and Zhou dynasties with examples

dating back to the 16th century BC. Then, German mythology includes the dragon between

the forces of the underworld. It feeds on the roots of Yggdrasil, the sacred ash that extends its

roots through all the worlds. The Norsemen (Vikings), decorated the prows of their ships

sculpting dragon-shaped. For the Mayan people, the dragon (Imix) is the land of plenty, the

creative principle, lucky and fortunate sign, sex symbol, numerous descendants. Protector

god. And last, in the bible the dragon is the representation of Satan as quoted by Revelation

20:2 “And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan,

and bound him a thousand years”.

Finally, there are too many legends about dragons around the world and at different

times but they all symbolize strength. Power that can be good or bad. They are a mystery that

no one has been able to verify. Are dragons alive? Did they ever exist? Will we see them

someday? These are questions that no one can answer now.

16

Final Test

17

Pictionary

18

19

Appendix Interesting Facts

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