power point alam sekitar asas tahap ii
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PERINGKAT ASAS
Disediakan oleh: Jawatankuasa Teknikal Kebangsaan
Kadet Pertahanan Awam KAPA!
"##$
JA%ATAN PERTA&ANAN A'A((A)A*SIA
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://web7.bernama.com/bernama/newspic/re/KL06_150306_PENCEMARAN%2520.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bernama.com/kpdnhep/news.php%3Fid%3D185753%26lang%3Dmy&h=200&w=300&sz=70&hl=en&start=24&usg=___O3zFysaB4MKcMDW3XCZBEVs98M=&tbnid=lwXZZ8sLM4i34M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpencemaran%2Bsungai%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://malay.cri.cn/mmsource/images/2007/10/31/pencemaran.asap01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://malay.cri.cn/136/2007/10/31/42%4076258.htm&h=348&w=260&sz=27&hl=en&start=30&usg=__m8knw91Kz8y7X6LrSuFY8jdFJ8k=&tbnid=oyLwJA1Z3lSBCM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpencemaran%2Balam%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://members.tripod.com/~lttan/smog.jpg&imgrefurl=http://members.tripod.com/~lttan/index.html&h=344&w=509&sz=55&hl=en&start=3&usg=__KFGYJXnUs-I3ubVQgYtmCxFwb-s=&tbnid=7_XESyM-NHc99M:&tbnh=89&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpencemaran%2Balam%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sungaijuru.com/news/data/upimages/P8310250.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sungaijuru.com/bm/pollution.php&h=300&w=400&sz=52&hl=en&start=35&usg=__u38W_eJUY08lPnKIUA7x-r2xIMs=&tbnid=_9jf9xxyggi_VM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DALAM%2BSEKITAR%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v440/niduz/KeKAS/IMG_0189_resize_resize.jpg&imgrefurl=http://izzu.blogspot.com/2006/03/kem-kesedaran-alam-sekitar.html&h=300&w=400&sz=65&hl=en&start=22&usg=__rLZ7SYopQQaZtbx9wFdJ9uTHKyo=&tbnid=53tSrrij5kHqNM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DALAM%2BSEKITAR%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
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KADET PERTAHANAN
AWAM MALAYSIA
PERINGKAT ASAS
TAHAP II( SUMBER AIR SEMULAJADI )
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71 % permuk! "um#$##pu u& '7 %$r#p$ #r #!# $*m+#! ,!- $k
".e* $#m#!um %"er$ $#ku&u" $!*!, /0 % +* #r&er$p& $# $r&!$m pe"-#
+um"er &e&p#ke"!,k!!, &e*&er2emr
PENGEN L N
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Dari mana datangnya air minuman kita ?
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AI R LAR I AN T AN AH
+,NTIDAK
TEP-PER(EA%)E +,NE!
SEJATPE)-&AN .## billion m.!E/AP,TRANSPIRATI,N!
A'AN
0),-DS!
TENAGA
(ATA&ARIS-N ENERG*!
AIR )ARIAN 1234155 billion m.!PER(-KAANS-R6A0E R-N4,66!
PEN*-S-PANIN6I)TRATI,N!
S-NGAI 77 billion m.!RI/ER!
TASIK )AKE!
)A-TSEA!
SEJATANE/AP,RATI,N!
( - K A AI R T AN A& ' AT E R T A%)E !+,NTEP-
AI R % A' A& T AN A& 2 3 4 5 8 b i l l i o n
G R, - N D ' AT E R 6 ), ' !
&-JAN 77# billion m.!RAIN!
SUMBER AIR SEMULAJADI
KABUS
EMBUN
MATAAIR
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U!&uk
me!1$#k!!,
kep$ #r
m#!um!3 %m
Semu%1$#
mempu!,#
+#+&em r4&!
#r ,!- "e-#&u
me!k1u"k!( I
me!--u!k!
m&*r#3 %!-#&
$! *mp#r +ep
e%eme! $# "um#
u!&uk
me!-*+#%k! #r
*#$up ,!- +#*&
+emu%1$#(
KITARAN AIR SEMULAJADI
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KEPENTINGAN AIR
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KEPENTINGAN AIR
9 Domestik
9 Pertanian
9 Habitat
9 Penternakan9 Industri
9 Kuasa Hidro
9 Riadah/rekreasi
9 Pengangkutan
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Mystery snail
KUMPULAN MOLLUSCS
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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Leeches (looping) flatworms (flat body)
&airworms no segment no tenta;les!
'orm long < thin with = >1segments!
Kum?ulan 0a;ing
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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3.a
Caddis fly larvae
Kum?ulan )ar@a
.a> 0ased 9 ;addis BC lar@ae .a" 0aseless ;addis BC
.b (oth lar@ae ointed legs < ?rolegs!
.; Alder BC lar@ae
.d DobsonBC lar@aelong s?ikes on ea;h side o thebodC short tails end in " ?rongs
with hooks
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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. %eetle lar@ae
. 6lC lar@ae F >1 segments
like worms or
maggots someha@e head!
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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0RA%
6reshwater ?rawns
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
Kumpulan Krustasea
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Kumu!an Nimh Serangga
1> a DragonBC nCm?hs
1>b AlderBC lar@ae
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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1"b DamselBC 9 demoiselle
4 no segment " tailed demoiselle
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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1. a (aCBC with gills!
1. b DamselBC no gills! 9 damselBC 4 demoiselle
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5> 'ater bugs
r water boatman
HIDUPAN AKUATIK
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5. sura;e li@ing animals
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PEN5EMARAN AIR
PENCEMARAN DARI PUNCA TETAP
- pembuangan sisa dari kilang- pembuangan sisa dari loji
kumbahan
- pembuangan sisa dari sektor
penternakan
- Penejukan loji
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PENCEMARAN AIR
PENCEMARAN !U"AN PUNCA TETAP
- akti#iti pembangunan tanah
- air larian ter$emar seperti
tumpahan minak% baja
tumbuhan dan lain-lain
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SUMBER PENCEMARAN
Industri Pertanian
BAHAN !NC!"A#
•Pestisid•!aja•&edimen
!uangan Industri•E''luen•&edimen ( kelodak
•!uangan "omersial•&isa pepejal•)aba
!uangan *rganik•Najis manusia dan haiwan•Buangan makanan (food
waste)-restoran, geraimakanan•!engkel kereta ( $u$i kereta•Minak + lain-lain
Perumahan
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KESAN-KESAN PENCEMARAN AIR
• Peningkatan kos pembersihan
dan bekalan air minuman• )idupan akuatik akan teran$am
• "esihatan terganggu , penakitang dibaa oleh air.
• /angguan penggunaankemudahan rekreasi
• 0enomena 1 2algal bloom3(tumbuhan
• Penggunaan air bersih terjejas– "esan nutrien% logam berat
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The Star 12/5/05
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTIONEFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
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LANGKAH6LANGKAH KAWALAN
•Menjalankan "empen 2Cintailah &ungai "ita• "ilang-kilang perlu mengadakan &istem Pengolahan E''luenPerindustrian
• &etiap taman perumahan perlu ada &istem Pengolahan"umbahan Domestik
• Penjimatan air
• /otong-roong membersihkan sungai• 4angan buang sampah ke dalam sungai• Tapak-tapak pelupusan sampah perlu mengolah air resapan
sampah• Pemantauan kualiti air sungai oleh agensi kerajaan +
komuniti• Penguatkuasaan Akta "ualiti Alam &ekitar 5678
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