ppa 503 – the public policy-making process lecture 8b – emergency management and policy...

PPA 503 – The Public PPA 503 – The Public Policy-Making Policy-Making ProcessProcessLecture 8b – Emergency Lecture 8b – Emergency Management and Policy Management and Policy Implementation.Implementation.

Eight Implementation Eight Implementation Generalizations and Emergency Generalizations and Emergency ManagementManagement

No one individual or group is in charge.No one individual or group is in charge. Intergovernmental system of emergency Intergovernmental system of emergency

management and homeland security.management and homeland security.


Bureaucrats are the most influential actors, but Bureaucrats are the most influential actors, but do not control implementation.do not control implementation. Presidents, members of Congress, governors, state Presidents, members of Congress, governors, state

legislators, and nonprofit disaster agencies are legislators, and nonprofit disaster agencies are critical in the distribution of relief.critical in the distribution of relief.

Patterns of implementation vary depending on Patterns of implementation vary depending on the different social purposes of policies.the different social purposes of policies. Individual and public assistance have different Individual and public assistance have different

implementation patterns.implementation patterns.


Decentralization influences implementation.Decentralization influences implementation. Emergency management is both bottom-up and top-Emergency management is both bottom-up and top-

down.down. The meaning of effective implementation varies The meaning of effective implementation varies

across situations.across situations. Success response and recovery can undermine Success response and recovery can undermine

future mitigation and preparedness.future mitigation and preparedness. Effectiveness does not necessarily translate Effectiveness does not necessarily translate

into desired impacts.into desired impacts. Successful response and recovery does not Successful response and recovery does not

guarantee reductions in disaster costs.guarantee reductions in disaster costs.


Domestic programs never achieve all that is Domestic programs never achieve all that is expected of them.expected of them. Emergency management system tends to reward Emergency management system tends to reward

lack of planning: Do federal disaster programs lack of planning: Do federal disaster programs contribute inadvertently to the very disaster losses contribute inadvertently to the very disaster losses they are intended to relieve (Platt, 1999, p.37).they are intended to relieve (Platt, 1999, p.37).

The first two are true because of the political The first two are true because of the political structure and conflicting values of the structure and conflicting values of the participants.participants. Competing values of economic development, Competing values of economic development,

vulnerability management, and homeland security.vulnerability management, and homeland security.

Implementation of Post-Katrina Implementation of Post-Katrina Act and Other Organizational Act and Other Organizational ChangesChanges

Transfers Mandated By the Post-Katrina Transfers Mandated By the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform ActEmergency Management Reform Act

The New FEMAThe New FEMA The National Protection and Programs DiThe National Protection and Programs Di

rectoraterectorate

Office of Health AffairsOffice of Health Affairs


On October 4, 2006, the President signed into On October 4, 2006, the President signed into law the Post-Katrina Emergency Reform Act. law the Post-Katrina Emergency Reform Act. That Act establishes new leadership positions That Act establishes new leadership positions within the Department, brings additional within the Department, brings additional functions into the Federal Emergency functions into the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), creates and Management Agency (FEMA), creates and reallocates functions to other components reallocates functions to other components within the Department, and amends the within the Department, and amends the Homeland Security Act, in ways that directly Homeland Security Act, in ways that directly and indirectly affect the organization and and indirectly affect the organization and functions of various entities within DHS. functions of various entities within DHS.


In addition, the Department has made certain In addition, the Department has made certain other organizational changes outside of FEMA other organizational changes outside of FEMA which complement the changes mandated by which complement the changes mandated by Congress. These changes, taken together, will Congress. These changes, taken together, will strengthen the Department's ability to prevent, strengthen the Department's ability to prevent, prepare for, protect against, respond to and prepare for, protect against, respond to and recover from all hazard threats.recover from all hazard threats.

The changes that the Department will make will The changes that the Department will make will be effective on March 31, 2007. be effective on March 31, 2007.

Transfers Mandated By the Post-Transfers Mandated By the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Katrina Emergency Management Reform ActReform Act

The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act transfers, with the exception of certain offices listed in transfers, with the exception of certain offices listed in the Act, functions of the Preparedness Directorate to the Act, functions of the Preparedness Directorate to the new FEMA. This transfer includes:the new FEMA. This transfer includes: The United States Fire Administration (USFA) The United States Fire Administration (USFA) The Office of Grants and Training (G&T) The Office of Grants and Training (G&T) The Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Division The Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Division

(CSEP) (CSEP) The Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program (REPP) The Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program (REPP) The Office of National Capital Region Coordination (NCRC) The Office of National Capital Region Coordination (NCRC)

The New FEMAThe New FEMA

FEMA will continue to be headed by R. David FEMA will continue to be headed by R. David Paulison, and he will take on the new title of Paulison, and he will take on the new title of Administrator. The Administrator will be Administrator. The Administrator will be supported by two Deputy Administrators. One supported by two Deputy Administrators. One will be the Deputy Administrator and Chief will be the Deputy Administrator and Chief Operating Officer. This will be the principal Operating Officer. This will be the principal deputy, with overall operational responsibilities deputy, with overall operational responsibilities at FEMA. Harvey Johnson, currently the at FEMA. Harvey Johnson, currently the Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer of Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer of FEMA, will continue in this role. The other will FEMA, will continue in this role. The other will be a Deputy Administrator for National be a Deputy Administrator for National Preparedness, a new division within FEMA. Preparedness, a new division within FEMA.

The New FEMA (contd.)The New FEMA (contd.)

National PreparednessNational Preparedness will include existing will include existing FEMA programs and several legacy FEMA programs and several legacy Preparedness Directorate programs. Preparedness Directorate programs.

It will focus on policy, contingency planning, It will focus on policy, contingency planning, exercise coordination and evaluation, exercise coordination and evaluation, emergency management training and hazard emergency management training and hazard mitigation with respect to the Chemical mitigation with respect to the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness (CSEP) Stockpile Emergency Preparedness (CSEP) and Radiological Emergency Preparedness and Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program (REPP).Program (REPP).


National Preparedness will oversee two National Preparedness will oversee two divisions: Readiness, Prevention and Planning divisions: Readiness, Prevention and Planning (RPP), and the National Integration Center (RPP), and the National Integration Center (NIC). (NIC). Readiness, Prevention and Planning will be the Readiness, Prevention and Planning will be the

central office within FEMA handling preparedness central office within FEMA handling preparedness policy and planning functions. policy and planning functions.

The National Integration Center will maintain the The National Integration Center will maintain the National Incident Management System (NIMS), the National Incident Management System (NIMS), the National Response Plan (NRP), and will coordinate National Response Plan (NRP), and will coordinate activities with the U.S. Fire Administration.activities with the U.S. Fire Administration.


The Office of Grants and TrainingThe Office of Grants and Training will be will be moved to the new FEMA and renamed the moved to the new FEMA and renamed the “Office of Grant Programs.” The Training and “Office of Grant Programs.” The Training and Systems Support Divisionsof the Office of Systems Support Divisionsof the Office of Grants and Training will be transferred to the Grants and Training will be transferred to the National Integration Center (NIC). The Office of National Integration Center (NIC). The Office of the Citizen Corps within the Office of Grants the Citizen Corps within the Office of Grants and Training will be transferred into the FEMA and Training will be transferred into the FEMA Office of Readiness, Prevention and Planning.Office of Readiness, Prevention and Planning.


Additional headquarters positions created Additional headquarters positions created at FEMA by the Post-Katrina Act include at FEMA by the Post-Katrina Act include a Disability Coordinator, residing in the a Disability Coordinator, residing in the FEMA Office of Equal Rights, a Small FEMA Office of Equal Rights, a Small State and Rural Advocate, a Law State and Rural Advocate, a Law Enforcement Advisor to the Administrator Enforcement Advisor to the Administrator and a National Advisory Council.and a National Advisory Council.

The National Protection and The National Protection and Programs DirectoratePrograms Directorate

The Act specifically excluded certain elements The Act specifically excluded certain elements of the Preparedness Directorate from transfer of the Preparedness Directorate from transfer to FEMA. The legacy Preparedness Directorate to FEMA. The legacy Preparedness Directorate will be renamed the National Protection and will be renamed the National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD). Programs Directorate (NPPD).

NPPD will continue to be led by Under NPPD will continue to be led by Under Secretary George Foresman. This Directorate Secretary George Foresman. This Directorate will include the following offices: will include the following offices:

The National Protection and The National Protection and Programs Directorate OfficesPrograms Directorate Offices

Office of the Under SecretaryOffice of the Under Secretary Office of Infrastructure ProtectionOffice of Infrastructure Protection will will

identify risks, threats and vulnerabilities to identify risks, threats and vulnerabilities to critical infrastructure, and develop methods to critical infrastructure, and develop methods to mitigate them. The office will continue to help mitigate them. The office will continue to help strengthen the first line of defense against strengthen the first line of defense against attacks on our Nation’s critical infrastructure attacks on our Nation’s critical infrastructure and provide robust real-time monitoring and and provide robust real-time monitoring and response to incidents of national significance. response to incidents of national significance.


Office of Cyber Security and Office of Cyber Security and Communications (CS&C)Communications (CS&C) combines the Office combines the Office of Cyber Security and Telecommunications and of Cyber Security and Telecommunications and the Office of the Manager of the National the Office of the Manager of the National Communications System with the new Office of Communications System with the new Office of Emergency Communications. CS&C will focus Emergency Communications. CS&C will focus both on cybersecurity and on emergency and both on cybersecurity and on emergency and interoperable communications, identifying interoperable communications, identifying cyber vulnerabilities and threats, and helps cyber vulnerabilities and threats, and helps protect against and respond to cyber-based protect against and respond to cyber-based attacks, including performing analysis on the attacks, including performing analysis on the potential consequences of a successful attack. potential consequences of a successful attack.


Office of Risk Management and AnalysisOffice of Risk Management and Analysis, , formerly within the Office of Infrastructure formerly within the Office of Infrastructure Protection, will directly report to the Under Protection, will directly report to the Under Secretary and will expand its focus from Secretary and will expand its focus from physical critical infrastructure to cybersecurity physical critical infrastructure to cybersecurity and other risk analysis arenas. This expanded and other risk analysis arenas. This expanded mission will broaden the Office’s efforts to mission will broaden the Office’s efforts to address risk issues for the overall protection, address risk issues for the overall protection, prevention, and mitigation of homeland security prevention, and mitigation of homeland security risks. risks.


Office of Intergovernmental ProgramsOffice of Intergovernmental Programs will will provide the Department-level focal point for provide the Department-level focal point for coordinating related communications and coordinating related communications and policies with departmental leadership, and policies with departmental leadership, and ensuring consistent and coordinated ensuring consistent and coordinated component level interactions. This office will component level interactions. This office will provide a clear pathway for communications provide a clear pathway for communications with departmental leadership. with departmental leadership.

US-VISITUS-VISIT will maintain its current role, but will will maintain its current role, but will be administratively relocated to the National be administratively relocated to the National Protection and Programs Directorate. Protection and Programs Directorate.

Office of Health AffairsOffice of Health Affairs

The Office of Health Affairs (OHA) will be The Office of Health Affairs (OHA) will be led by the Chief Medical Officer, who will led by the Chief Medical Officer, who will now have the title of Assistant Secretary now have the title of Assistant Secretary for Health Affairs and Chief Medical for Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer. Officer.

The Office of Health Affairs will have The Office of Health Affairs will have three main divisions: three main divisions:

Office of Health Affairs Office of Health Affairs DivisionsDivisions

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and Biodefenseand Biodefense will be led by a Deputy will be led by a Deputy Assistant Secretary and will lead the Assistant Secretary and will lead the Department’s biodefense activities, Department’s biodefense activities, including the Bioshield and BioWatch including the Bioshield and BioWatch programs (transferring to OHA from S&T) programs (transferring to OHA from S&T) and the National Biosurveillance and the National Biosurveillance Integration System (transferring to OHA Integration System (transferring to OHA from Infrastructure Protection). from Infrastructure Protection).


Medical ReadinessMedical Readiness will oversee will oversee contingency planning, readiness of contingency planning, readiness of medical first responders, WMD incident medical first responders, WMD incident management support, and medical management support, and medical preparedness grant coordination. preparedness grant coordination.


Component ServicesComponent Services will provide policy, will provide policy, standards, requirements and metrics for standards, requirements and metrics for the Department’s occupational health the Department’s occupational health and safety programs and provide and safety programs and provide protective and operational medical protective and operational medical services within the Department. services within the Department.

ppa 503 – the public policy-making process lecture 8b – emergency management and policy...

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implementation generalizations

emergency management

b emergency management

policy implementation

patterns of implementation

emergency managementno

vulnerability management

homeland security act