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TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to International Business and Managing International Business
Organizations.
Mamta [email protected]
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• “We have nowhere to go except everywhere”
• “There is no way we can leave you! We engulf you, we touch all walks of your life”
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• Globalization in a literal sense is international integration
• It is a term used to describe how places and human beings are becoming more intertwined with each other around the world economically, politically, and culturally.
What is Globalization??
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How & When was this process of Globalization started?
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Eras of Globalization
• There have been three eras of globalization.
• Globalization 1.0Globalization 1.0
Lasted from 1492 – when Columbus set sail, opening trade between the Old World and the New World- until around 1800.
• It shrank the world from a size large to a size medium.
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• Globalization 1.0 was about countries and muscles.
• In Globalization 1.0 the key agent of change, the dynamic force driving the process of global integration was – how much muscle, how much horsepower, wind power, or later, steam power – your country had and how creatively you could deploy it.
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• In this era, countries and governments (often inspired by religion or imperialism or a combination of both)
• Imperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life. This type of foreign policy was practiced by European nations and Japan throughout the 1800s and early 1900s
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• In Globalization 1.0 the primary questions were :
• Where does my country fit into global competition and opportunities?
• How can I go global and collaborate with others through my country?
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• The second great era
• Globalization 2.0,
Lasted roughly from 1800 to 2000, interrupted by the Great Depression and World Wars I and II.
• This era shrank the world from a size medium to a size small
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• In Globalization 2.0, the key agent of change, the dynamic force driving global integration, was multinational companies
• These multinationals went global for markets and labor, spearheaded first by the expansion of the Dutch and English joint-stock companies and the Industrial Revolution.
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• In the first half of this era, global integration was powered by falling transportation costs, thanks to the steam engine and the railroad
• The second half by falling telecommunication costs – thanks to the diffusion of the telegraph, telephones, the PC, satellites, fiber-optic cable, and the early version of the World Wide Web.
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• The dynamic forces behind this era of globalization were breaking through in hardware – from steamships and rail roads in the beginning to telephones and mainframe computers toward the end.
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• The big questions in this era were :
• Where does my company fit into the global economy?
• How does it take advantage of the opportunities?
• How can I go global and collaborate with others through my company?
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• Around the year 2000 we entered a whole new era : Globalization 3.0
• Globalization 3.0 is shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny and flattening the playing field at the same time
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• The dynamic force in Globalization 1.0 was countries globalizing
• The dynamic force in Globalization 2.0 was companies globalizing,
• The dynamic force in Globalization 3.0 - the thing that gives it its unique character – is the newfound power for individuals to collaborate and compete globally.
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• Individuals must, and can, now ask,
• Where do I fit into the global competition and opportunities of the day
• How can I, on my own, collaborate with others globally?
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