ppt on disaster

8/3/2019 Ppt on Disaster

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Administration and Management ofDisaster Nursing Services


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The goal of disaster management is to

prevent or minimize death, injury, sufferingand destruction


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Disaster Risk = Hazard +Vulnerability


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an interdisciplinary task all persons involved in the task must

understand their respective roles andresponsibilities.


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The purpose of this topic is:

To provide some general definitions relating todisasters

To discuss the different types of disasters anddisaster agents

To outline phases of disasters and to show how theyrelate to disaster management

To examine the historical and expanding role fnurses in disasters and emergency preparedness

To discuss various authorities in India.


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The Trained Nurses Association

of India accepts the definition ofDisaster as framed by WHO:

"Disaster is any occurring that causesdamage, economic disruption, loss of humanlife and deterioration in health services on ascale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary

response from outside the affectedcommunity area."


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MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT

Alexander M. Butman defines mass

casualty incidents (MCI) as disaster occursin one location in the absence of similar orrelated occurrences in towns orcommunities.


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Emergency management (ordisaster management)

It is a discipline that involves preparing for

disaster before it occurs, disaster response(e.g. emergency evacuation, quarantine,mass decontamination, etc.), as well assupporting, and rebuilding society after

natural or human-madedisasters haveoccurred.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_decontaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hazardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_hazardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_hazardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_hazardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_hazardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_hazardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_decontaminationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation


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Major Disasters in Recent Past

Event Year Dead Affected

Quake 1993 9475 1 millionCyclone 1999 10086 15 million

Quake 2001 13805 1.8 million

Tsunami 2004 12405 3.5 million


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TYPES OF DISASTERMajor natural disasters:

Flood

Cyclone

Drought Earthquake

Minor natural disasters:

Cold wave

Thunderstorms

Heat waves Mud slides

Storm

Major manmade disaster:

Setting of fires

EpidemicDeforestation

Pollution due to prawn

cultivation

Chemical pollution.

Wars

Minor manmade disaster:

Road / train accidents, riots

Food poisoning Industrial disaster/ crisis

Environmental pollution


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Natural disasters include thefollowing type:

Meteorological disasters: cyclones,typhoons

Topological disasters: landslides,avalanches

Disasters that originate underground:earthquakes, volcanic eruptions

Biological disasters: communicablediseases, epidemics


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Man- made disasters: Warfare: conventional warfare

(bombardment) and non conventional

warfare (nuclear) Civil disasters: riots and demonstrations

Accidents: transportation (planes, trucks);structural collapse (buildings, dams);

explosions; fires; chemicals (toxic waste andpollution); biological (sanitation


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GLOFS Glacial Lake Outburst Flood in the Hindu

Kush-Himalayan Region

The Hindu Kush-Himalayan region hassuffered several GLOF events

At least 12 GLOF events have beenrecorded since 1935 in the Tibetan area of

the Himalayas.


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the cumulative effects of a major

disaster


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DIMENSIOS OF DISASTERAGENTS

Predictability:

Frequency: Controllability:

Speed of onset:

Length of forewarning: Duration of impact:

Scope and intensity of impact:


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PHASES OF DISASTER

Pre-disaster preparation

Warning Impact

Emergency

Recovery


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/19/Em_cycle.png


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Pre-disaster preparation Governmental, Environmental, Technical and

Economic resourcesPreparation to meet disasterdemands.

Prevention and mitigation activities.

Disaster planning and coordination betweenresponse groups

Community education Training, mock disaster

exercises.

Equipment and supply procurement (medicalsupplies, communication equipment, emergencygenerators, sandbag supplies, pumps.)


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Warning Increased readiness, disaster plan activation

Establishment of Emergency Operations

Center (EOC) Warning Population

Warning Hospitals

Evacuation/ in-place protection. Pre-impact preparation


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Impact

Enduring holding-on


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Emergency Assessmentadvise disaster response

organizations


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Isolation Activation of disaster plan/establishment of

EOC if not already done

Mitigation of further injuries or damage Summons of additional help, mutual aid

Preparation for search and rescue activities

Hospital disaster plans in operation


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Rescue Establishment of command post

Assessment

Search and rescue Triage, establishment of patient collection

points

Establishment of emergency vehicleroutes/patient transportation


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Remedy Arrival of organized assistance

Relief of disaster workers by groups fromunattached areas

Arrival of additional relief supplies andequipment

Care of the dead

Provision for emergency food, shelter andclothing needs

Attention to sanitary measures and otherpublic health concerns


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Recovery Restoration of essential community services

Reestablishment of community order

Meeting of victims welfare demands Repair of community damage

Continued damage assessment andprocurement of local, state, and federalassistance

Initiation of preventive measures.


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ASPECTS OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT

Disaster relief

Epidemiological surveillance and diseasecontrol

Vaccination

Nutrition

Rehabilitation

Disaster mitigation


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ASPECTS OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT

Disaster response

Search rescue and first aid

Field care Triage

Tagging

Identification of dead

Disaster preparedness


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NURSES EFFORT Personal preparedness:

Make sure you are a resource to your

community rather that a burden. Maintain your own emergency equipment

and supplies.

Make sure your families know what to do in

an emergency


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NURSES EFFORT Community involvement

Become familiar with local disaster plans

Get involved in the political issues in yourcommunity that relate to disaster management.

Support leaders who opt for long term, definitivesolutions

Help to modify land use and developmentordinances.

Support local voluntary organizations

Help to educate the public in personalpreparedness.


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NURSES EFFORT Professional Preparedness

Get involved in the development of

community or hospital disaster plans Attend continuing education classes and

refresher courses to keep current in disastermanagement skills.

Be supportive of administrative efforts toincrease disaster preparedness


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NURSING PARTICIPATION Assigning and supervising various levels of

workers to patient care duties

Participating in the triage and transportationsof patients.

Overseeing distribution of medical supplies

Coordinating actions with others


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CLINICAL ACTIVITIES System of priority treatment

Identification and registration of injured

Transportation of sick and the injured Body identification and mortuary services

Health and sanitation

Water supply and purification


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MANAGEMENTRESPONSIBILITIES

To participate in planning, implementationand evaluating disaster services.

Included in multi disciplinary planningboards.

Working groups or task forces usually asrepresentatives of a professional

organizations or agency. In local communities to provide leadership

and management skills.


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Disasters: A Basic Overview,

by Joanne C. Langan

Planning for Disasters Organization and Implementation of the Disaster

Response Promoting Mental Health: Pre-disaster and Post

disaster

Preparing Nursing Administrators, Faculty, andStudents for Disasters Preparing Staff and Inactive Registered Nurses

to Manage Casualties


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Disasters: A Basic Overview,

by Joanne C. Langan Management and Preparation for Battlefield

Casualties

Preparing Community Health Nurses andNurses in Ambulatory Health

Care Facilities

Considerations for Vulnerable Populations

Preparing Nurses to Plan and Care forChildren During Disaster Situations,

The Role of the Infection Control Nurse inDisaster Preparedness


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CORE COMPETENCIES REQUIRED FOR

DISASTER NURSING

I. Fundamental attitudes toward disasternursing

II. Systematic assessment and provision ofnursing care

III. Care provision for vulnerable people &their families

IV. Care management in disaster situations

V. Professional Development


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NURSES ROLE IN DISASTER

MANAGEMENT AS STATED BY TNAI

disaster preparedness plan:

training in immediate care casualty evacuation

emergency treatment in hospital

psychological assistance to community provision of safe water and sanitation.


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The Identification of the type of

organizations which will enable the Nursingstaff to function most effectively during adisaster.


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Special preparation that Chief Nurses,

Supervisors and Head Nurses will need toassume leadership roles.


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The kind of training that should be given to

non-professional members of nursing servicewho are directly or indirectly involved inpatient care.


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(v) First Aid training at the grass-root level

especially in disaster-prone areas. In real lifesituations it is often the only way to savelives.


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(vi) Creating awareness in the school

children and their teachers as they are someof the most receptive groups to disasterpreparedness education and training.

Recognizing the value of school children as

"multipliers" of disaster information: tappingthis potential can prove its long-term

effectiveness.


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(a) Participate in committees or bodies

established to prepare, coordinate andsupervise programmes for the control andprevention of specific health hazards during

disasters.


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(b) Define their position in relation to the

management of the major health problemsand solicit the cooperation of governments,the community and voluntary organizations

for the adoption of preventive measures and

development of the needed services.


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(c) Initiate and participate in research

relating to determining the magnitude andnature of the priority areas, appropriatemeasures to be taken, practices and

techniques which enable people to cope with

such situations, and prevention of disasters.


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(d) Ensure that sufficient number of Nurses

receive the specialized preparationrequired working with particular groups.


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(e) Support the international measures

against those problems requiringinternational cooperation (provision ofadequate nutrition, control of drug traffic,

pollution control, etc.)


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(f) Work for bringing about necessary

changes in Nursing Education to ensureadequate preparation of Nurses in order tocarry out their responsibilities effectively in

combating disaster


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Special considerations in Nursing

Administration in Disasters

Enabling existing hospitals to deal with

disasters Providing nursing services to got to assist

at the scene of a disaster, perhapshundreds of thousands of miles away.


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Nursing Administration Tasks

REHEARSALS PRINCIPAL TASKS

MOBILE TEAMS


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PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER

PLANNING

A continuous process

A knowledge base

A focus on principles

Anticipatory guidance

Reducing unknown situations

Evoking appropriate actions Overcoming resistance


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Disaster Plan Contents

Threat Analysis

Risk Assessment

Mitigation Steps (disaster prevention anddamage reduction)

Response and Recovery Plans

Damage Assessment Process

Salvage Procedures

Rehabilitation Plans


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Disaster Recovery Plan

Emergency Sheet: summary of steps

Table of Contents: headings.

Introduction to the plan: its purpose, process, and

organization

Structure of the Planning Organization: roles andresponsibilities of team members.

Departmental Responsibilities: responsibilities of

various departments

Pre-disaster Actions: outline of procedures to befollowed

Specific Response and Recovery Plans:


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Appendices

Notification Lists: names and numbers of

employees Recovery team members: list of

recovery/salvage team members

Detailed building plans: may be incorporated

by reference.

Resource lists: locations and inventory ofemergency supplies


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National Institute of Disaster

Management a premier national organization working for

human resource development at nationallevel in the area of disaster mitigation andmanagement.

came into existence since October 16, 2003by a Government of India order

upgrading the National Centre for DisasterManagement (NCDM), which was located atIndian Institute of Public Administration, NewDelhi.


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National Crisis Management

Committee (NCMC):

The NCMC can give directions to any

Ministry/Department/Organization for specificaction needed for meeting the crisissituation.


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Crisis Management Group: The CMGs functions are to review every

year contingency plans formulated byvarious Ministries/ Departments/

Organizations in their respective sectors measures required for dealing with natural

disasters

coordinate the activities of the Central

Ministries and the State Governments inrelation to disaster preparedness

to obtain information from the nodal officerson measures relating to above


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Contingency Action Plan: A National Contingency Action Plan (CAP)

for dealing with contingencies arising in thewake of natural disasters

It facilitates the launching of relief operationswithout delay.


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State Relief Manuals:

Each State Government has reliefmanuals/codes which identify that role ofeach officer in the State for managing the

natural disasters.


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NATIONAL EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Coordinating/mandating Governments

policies for disaster reduction/mitigation.

Ensuring adequate preparedness at alllevels in order to meet disasters.

Coordinating response to a disaster when it

strikes.

Coordination of post disaster relief andrehabilitation.


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National Policy on Disaster

Management A holistic and pro-active approach for prevention, mitigation

and preparedness

Each Ministry/Department of the Central/State Government

will set apart an appropriate quantum of funds Each project in a hazard prone area will have mitigation as

an essential term of reference.

Community involvement and awareness generation

There will be close interaction with the corporate sector, non-

governmental organizations and the media Institutional structures/appropriate chain of command will be

built up .

Construction designs must correspond to the requirements aslaid down in relevant Indian Standards.


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WORLD SOCIETY OF DISASTER

NURSING ESTABLISHED

to promote international academic exchangeand collaborative research, and systematize

knowledge and practice in the field ofdisaster nursing


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