Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program

Vascular Technology Lecture 1B

Holdorf RVT

HomeworkDue Next week

Master Kung Fu Switch Religions for a day Wear a fake mustache for 24 hours End world hunger In the shower, use conditioner first, then

shampoo just to see what would happen. (I’m curious)

OR Take an interest in Vascular Technology

Table of Contents

Lecture: 1. The Cardiac Cycle 1. Blood Pressure 2. The Arterial System: Gross Anatomy and Physiology 3. Arterial Testing: Signs, Symptoms, Disease Mechanisms 4. Doppler Wave form analysis 5. Doppler Segmental Pressures of the Lower Extremities 6. Doppler Wave form Pressures of the Upper Extremities 7. Penile Non-Imaging and Imaging 8. Plethysmography of the Lower and Upper Extremities 9. Digital Pressures and Plethysmography 10. Transcutaneous Oximetry (TcPO2)

Table of ContentsLecture

11. Duplex Scanning and Color Flow Imaging of the Upper Extremities

12. Duplex Scanning and Color Flow Imaging of the Lower Extremities

13. Duplex Scanning and Color Flow Imaging of the Abdominal Vessels

14 and 15: Projects Preoperative Mapping Atypical Disorders

16. Miscellaneous Diagnostic Tests and Treatments (Arterial)

17. Cerebrovascular Gross Anatomy 18. Cerebrovascular Testing

Table of Contents

Lecture 19. Carotid Duplex Scanning and Color Flow Imaging 20. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) 21. Miscellaneous Conditions, Diagnostic Tests, and

Treatments 22. Venous Gross Anatomy 23. Venous Hemodynamics 24. Venous Testing. Signs, Symptoms, Mechanisms of Disease 25. Venous Photoplethysmography (PPG) 26. Venous Air Plethysmography (APG) 27. Venous Continuous Wave Doppler 28. Venous Duplex and Color Flow Imaging

Table of Contents

Lecture 29. Alternative Diagnostic Tests 33 – 33 Projects

Medical Therapies Surgical Therapies and Treatments

34. Test Validation (Statistical Profile and Correlation) 35. Patient Care 36. Appendix

Who works the hardest?

The hardest working chamber in the heart is the left Ventricle.

She pumps blood to the entire body, so has thicker walls and is slightly bigger than the right ventricle.

The right ventricle has less work to do. She only pumps blood into the lungs. Hence, she has thinner walls and is slightly smaller than her sister, the left ventricle.

Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density of approximately 1060 kg/m3, which is very close to pure water’s density of 1000 kg/m3.

The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 liters (1.3 gallons) which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells.

These cells, which are also called corpuscles of FORMED ELEMENTS, consists of the following: Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) Leukocytes (white blood cells) Thrombocytes (platelets)

By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, and plasma about 54.3% and white cells about 0.7%

Blood Pressure usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic circulation.

During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure.

The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart.

Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation.

The rate of mean blood flow depends on the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels.

Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy.

Remember this!!

Systolic Blood pressure = Cardiac output Diastolic Blood Pressure = Peripheral resistance

Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles.

Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (e.g.,) during standing) and valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.

Arteriosclerosisvs.Arteriolosclerosisvs. Atherosclerosis

What’s the difference?

Arteriosclerosis The WHAT that Happens in Large to Middle sized

Arteries

Arteriolosclerosis The WHAT that happens in small arteries and

arterioles

Atherosclerosis THE HOW bad stuff happens in Large and Middle

sized arteries Formation of Plaque that causes an artery to LOSE

COMPLIANCE

Arteriolosclerosis HOW bad stuff happens in small arteries and

arterioles Hyaline/ Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

Caused by high blood pressure HTN Malignant Hypertension (HTN) Causes damage to the arterial wall

Exercise one

Read and record everyone’s blood pressure.

Homework

Review Chapter 1: Gross Anatomy of the Central and Peripheral Arterial Systems:

Vascular Technology An Illustrated Review Claudia Rumwell: Michalene “Mickey” McPharlin

3-13 SDMS assignments