practical applications of management concepts

7/25/2019 Practical Applications of management concepts

1/51

ranya Dissanayake

ractical

pplications of

Management

oncepts


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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................

1.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................

2.0 WAYMBA UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA.................................................................

3.0 CULTURE.......................................................................................................................

3.1 FUNCTIONSOFORGANIZATIONALCULTURE..................................................................

3.2 THEORIESOFCULTURE..................................................................................................

3.2.1 Levels of culture-Edger Schein..............................................................................

3.2.2 Cultural web- Johnson...........................................................................................

3.2.3 Deal and Kenned!s Culture "#es........................................................................

3.2.$ "#es of culture-Charles %and............................................................................

3.2.& Cultural 'ceberg-(rench and )ell........................................................................

4.0 CULTURE AT WAYAMBA UNIVERSITY................................................................

4.1 LEVELSOFCULTUREILLUSTRATIONUSINGWAYAMBAUNIVERSITY......................... .

4.2 CULTURALWEBILLUSTRATIONUSINGWAYAMBAUNIVERSITY..................................

4.3 CULTURALICEBERG.....................................................................................................

5.0 ORGANIZING..............................................................................................................

5.1 ORGANIZATIONSTRUCTURE.........................................................................................

5.2 ELEMENTSOFORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE.............................................................

5.3 DIFFERENTTYPESOFORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE..................................................

&.3.1 (unctional structures...........................................................................................

&.3.2 Divisional structures............................................................................................


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&.3.3 *atri+ structure...................................................................................................

&.3.$ "ea, structures....................................................................................................

&.3.& etwor structures...............................................................................................

&.3./ )oundarless organi0ations.................................................................................

6.0 ORGANIZING AT WAYMBA UNIVERSITY...........................................................

6.1 ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTUREATWAYMBA UNIVERSITY.........................................

6.2 COMMON ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION!ENRY MINTZBERG.............

6.3 THEELEMENTSOFORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE......................................................

".0 MOTIVATION..............................................................................................................

7.1 BASICMOTIVATIONALCONCEPTS.................................................................................

7.2 TYPESOFMOTIVATIONTHEORIES................................................................................

.2.1 %ierarch of needs theor....................................................................................

.2.2 E theor..........................................................................................................

.2.3 "wo-factor theor.................................................................................................

.2.$ 4c5uired needs theor.........................................................................................

7.3 PROCESSTHEORIESOFMOTIVATION.......................................................................

.3.1 E5uit theor........................................................................................................

.3.2 E+#ectanc theor................................................................................................

.3.3 oal-setting theor..............................................................................................

7.4 FUNDAMENTALSOFREINFORCEMENTTHEORY.......................................................

#.0 MOTIVATION AT WAYAMBA UNIVERSITY.........................................................

!.1 HIERARCHYOFNEEDSTHEORYOFMASLOW...............................................................

!.2 E"UITYTHEORYATWAYMBAUNIVERSITY................................................................


4/51

$.0 CONTROL....................................................................................................................

#.1 TYPESOFCONTROL.....................................................................................................

6.1.1 (eed forward Controls.........................................................................................

6.1.2 Concurrent Controls............................................................................................

6.1.3 (eedbac Controls...............................................................................................

#.3 STEPSINCONTROLLINGPROCESS................................................................................

#.4 THREEORGANIZATIONALCONTROLSYSTEMS............................................................

6.$.1 7ut#ut Control.....................................................................................................

6.$.2 )ehavior Control.................................................................................................

6.$.3 )ureaucratic Control...........................................................................................

6.$.$ Clan Control........................................................................................................

10.0 CONTROL AT WAYAMBA UNIVERSITY...........................................................

1$.1 SENATES...................................................................................................................

1$.2 GOVERNINGCOUNCILS............................................................................................

1$.3 BUDGETPRACTICESANDFINANCIALMANAGEMENT..............................................

1$.4 VISITINGCOMMITTEESANDACCREDITATION..........................................................

1$.5 INTERNATIONALCHARTERSANDHANDBOO%S........................................................

11.0 CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................

12.0 REFERENCES..........................................................................................................


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Executive Summary

T&'( )*+,)- &( +)*+)*/ -, +),0'/* -&* +)-' ++'-', , -&* ,*/* ,8-'*/ - -&**-9)* (*((',(. I &0* (**-*/ W:;8 U'0*)('-: , S)' L ,) -&'( +9)+,(* ;':

8*9(* I ; 9))*-: ,)' ' -&'( ,)' / ';+,)-* , ,-), -, ,)'


6/51

1.0 Introduction

U/*) -&* M*;*- / O)' ,)' --'-9/*(> ?,8

&'*0*;*-> *-.

T&* 0(- ,*/* * &0* ,8-'*/ - -&* ;*;*- / ,)' ,)' ,)'


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2.0 Waymba University of Sri Lanka

T&* W:;8 C;+9( , -&* R?)- U'0*)('-: , S)' L ( *(-8'(&*/ , -&*)*,;;*/-', , C,;;'--** ,('(-' , H,. W'(&0 W)+> D*+9-: M''(-*) ,

E/9-', H'&*) E/9-', ( C&');. O -&* )*,;;*/-', , -&* 8,0*

C,;;'--**> '* A''-*/ U'0*)('-: C,**( (+)*/ ,9- ' 0)',9( +),0'*( , -&* ,9-):

*)* ;*)*/ -, ,); -, -', 9'0*)('-'*(> -&* R?)- / -&* S8);9

U'0*)('-'*( , S)' L , $7-&N,0*;8*) 1##6.

T&* A''-*/ U'0*)('-: C,** , -&* N,)-& W*(-*) P),0'*> &'& ,('(-*/ , -,

/*;' (*-',( ;*: H,;* S'** N9-)'-', / A)'9-9)*> ,)'': ''-*/ -,

-&* U'0*)('-'*( , %*': / P*)/*': )*(+*-'0*:> *)* ;*)*/ -, ,); -&* W:;8

C;+9( / *(-8'(&*/ ' -*);( , -&* +),0'(',( , -&* S*-',( 1! / 47 1 , -&*

U'0*)('-'*( A- N,. 16 , 1#7! / -&* C;+9( B,)/ O)/'* N,. 3 , 1##5.A( +),0'/*/

' -&* A- )**))*/ 8,0*> -, F9-'*( *)* (*- 9+ -, ,); -&* W:;8 C;+9( ;*:>

-&* F9-: , A)'9-9) S'**( / -&* F9-: , A++'*/ S'**(

A,)/' -, -&* )*,;;*/-',( , -&* C,;;'--** / ' ,(9--', '-& -&* U'0*)('-:G)-( C,;;'((',> -* H,,9)8* R'&)/ P-&')> -&* -&* M''(-*) , E/9-', /

H'&*) E/9-', *(-8'(&*/ -&* W:;8 U'0*)('-: , S)' L '-& **- ),; $1 (-,

O-,8*)> 1### ,) -&* +9)+,(* , +),0'/'> +),;,-' / /*0*,+' &'&*) */9-', '

-&* 8)&*( , *)' , A++'*/ S'**(> B9('*(( S-9/'*( F'*> A)'9-9)*

P--', M*;*- / L'0*(-,> F'(&*)'*( N9-)'-',.

A,)/':> -&* ,,' F9-'*( / D*+)-;*-( , S-9/: *)* (('*/ -, -&*

W:;8 U'0*)('-: 8: -&* G,0*);*- N,-''-', ' -&* E=-),)/'): G


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F9-: , L'0*(-, F'(&*)'*( N9-)'-',

T&* W:;8 U'0*)('-: , S)' L ;)*/ /*/* , *='(-** ' 2$$# ('* 8*'

)-*/ -&* 9-,,;,9( (--9( ' 1###. O0*) -&*(* :*)(> -&* ;?,) ,('/*)-', '

/*('' /*)** +),);;*( - -&* W:;8 U'0*)('-: ( -&* +)-''-: / )**0*

, ,9)(*( , (-9/: ,) *;*)' /*0*,+;*- **/( , -&* ,9-):> '-& -&* ,8?*-'0* ,

*(9)' &'& *;+,:8''-: , )/9-*( +),/9*/ 8: -&* F9-'*(. T&* W:;8

U'0*)('-: )/9-*( *)* *=+*-*/ -, 8* *)'&*/ '-& ('*-'' ('( / ,;+*-*'*(

/*;/*/ 8: *;+,:*)(.

I- '( -&* *@9''*/ /*;' (- -&- +),0'/*( -&* ;?,) ';+*-9( ' /*'0*)'

/*;' +),);;*( , -&* F9-'*(. T&* ?9',) (- '( +),0'/*/ '-& -)'' ,+*/,' ('( / ,-&*) (+*-( , (-9/*-*-)*/ *)' 8: -&* S- D*0*,+;*-

U'- , -&* U'0*)('-:. A+)- ),; -&* )*/'-8(*/ *)'> /')*-: ''--*/ 8: -&*

F9-'*(> ('''- ,-)'89-',( )* ;/* 8: -&* E'(& L9* T*&' U'-(>

I,);-', C,;;9'-', T*&,,: C*-)*( / -&* C)**) G9'/* U'- -, *&*

0)'*-: , (-9/*-( ('( -, ';+)- -&- ,;+*-'-'0* */* ' '/' (9'-8* *;+,:;*-

9+, )/9-',.

T&* L'8))'*( , -&* U'0*)('-: &0* 0(-: ';+),0*/ -&*') ''-'*( -, +),0'/* '/*

'/*+*/*- *)' *0'),;*- ,) -&* (-9/*-(> '-& 8,-& -)/'-', / ,'* *(( -,

'8)): )*(,9)*(.F9)-&*)> -&* *=-)9))'9) -)'' +),0'/*/ 8: -&* P&:(' E/9-',

U'- -&),9& 0)'*-: , (+,)-( / ;*( &( 8** **-'0* ' -&* ;' , ;: 0*)(-'*

)/9-*( *)'&*/ '-& (+,)-( ('( / &'*0*;*-( - '-*)9'0*)('-: *0*.

T&* **) '' /;''(-)-', */ 8: -&* R*'(-)) B9)() -,*-&*) '-& -&*')

A/;''(-)-'0* O'*)( &0* ';;*(*: ,-)'89-*/ -, -&* /*0*,+;*- , ;9& **/*/')(-)9-9)* ''-'*(> &'& -&* F9-'*( &0* 9-''


9/51

!r"ani#ationa cuture is defined as $a system of s%ared meanin" %ed by members t%at

distin"uis%es t%e or"ani#ation from ot%er or"ani#ations.& 'n !r"ani#ationa cuture is t%e

basic (attern of s%ared assum(tions) vaues) and beiefs considered to be t%e correct *ay of

t%inkin" about and actin" on (robems and o((ortunities facin" t%e or"ani#ation.

C9-9)* '( -&* (,' 9* -&- &*+( &,/ ,)'


10/51

S-)91-9)*

S-,)'*(

R,9-'3*(

R'-9.2(S:;8,2(

+,6*)

C,3-),2

3.2.1 Leves of cutureEd"er Sc%ein

S&'* '/*-''*( -&* ,,' *0*( , 9-9)*

1. A)-'-( -&* 9-9)* 8* '/*-''*/ 8(*/ , (:;8,(> *=+)*((',( / 0'('8*

'(-)9-',( 8(*/ , +)-'9) ,)'


11/51

*0'),;*-. B: : :,9 8*' -, (** -&* 8'*) +'-9)*

, :,9) 9-9)* &- '( ,)'> &- '(- ,)'> / &- **/( -, 8* &*/.

T&* ('= **;*-( )*

1. S%&'()*K T&* +(- *0*-( / +*,+* -*/ 8,9- '('/* / ,9-('/* -&* ,;+:.

W&, / &- -&* ,;+: &,,(*( -, ';;,)-' &, +9(& -&*

,'*( )*> / -&* ,); ,) ',); /)*(( ,/*(.

4. O',(,%(&,- S%'+%+') K T&'( '9/*( 8,-& -&* (-)9-9)* /*'*/ 8: -&*

,)' / )*)/( '9/' -&* : -&*: )* ;*(9)*/

/ /'(-)'89-*/ '-&' -&* ,)' ,) *0* /*+)-;*-. T&*

*: '( -&- -&*(* +*,+* &0* -&* )*-*(- ;,9- , '9** , /*'(',(>

,+*)-',(> / (-)-*' /')*-',.

3.2.3 +ea and ,ennedys Cuture y(es

7. B: *=;'' -&*(* 9-9) **;*-( ),(( 0)'*-: , ,)'


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10. i"ure 1 +ea and ,ennedys Cutura y(es

11.

12. T&* @9/)-( , -&'( ;-)'= )* *=+'*/ 8*,

T&+8G+9 M,8&K T&'( 9-9)* ,-'( ,)/ , '/'0'/9'(-( &, *?,: )'(

/ &, *- @9' **/8 , -&*') /*'(',(. T&'( '( ,),-&' 9-9)* &*)*

(9*((9 *;+,:**( )* -&* ,*( &, *?,: *='-*;*- / ,) 0*): &)/ -, 8*

(-)(. T&* *-*)-';*- '/9(-):> (+,)-( -*;( / /0*)-'(' )* )*- *=;+*( ,

-&'( 9-9) -:+*.

W&': !,'/;-, !,'/ K T&'( 9-9)* '( -&* ,)/ , (*( ;, ,-&*)(.

E;+,:**( -&*;(*0*( -* * )'(( &,*0*)> -&* **/8 , &, * -&*: )*

+*),);' '( ;,(- ';;*/'-*. E;+,:**( ' -&'( 9-9)* &0* -, ;'-' &'&

*0*( , **): / (-: 9+8*-. H*),*( ' (9& 9-9)*( )* &'& 0,9;* (*(+*,+*.

B)%Y&+'C& -&* 9-9)* '( ,* ' &'& /*'(',( )* &'& )'( 89-

*;+,:**( ;: '- :*)( 8*,)* -&*: , &*-&*) -&*') -',( -9: +'/ ,.P&);*9-' ,;+'*( )* ,80',9( *=;+* , -&'( 9-9)*> ( )* ,' / (

,;+'*(> )&'-*-9) ');( / ,)' +'-'-*('0*

'/9(-)'*(.

'&)**K I -&'( 9-9)*> **/8 '( (,> / -&* )'(( )* ,. L)* )*-'*)(>

8(> '(9)* ,;+'*( / ,0*);*- ,)'


13/51

3.2.4 y(es of cutureC%ares 5andy

13. H/: (9*(-( -&- * ((': ,)' ,)' &'& *'-&*) 8* *=-)*;*: )* ,) (;. T&* ;': ,+*)-', '-& (-)'-

)*(+,('8''-'*( ,' -, ;': ;*;8*)( )*(+,('8''-: '0* -,

+*)(,'-'*( )-&*) -& *=+*)-'(* )*-*( -&* +,*) (-)9-9)* , -&*

*8.

16. %e roe cuture

17. T&'( &( 8** -:+''*/ ( G)** -*;+* / &( ,-* 8** (-*)*,-:+*/ ( +,)-):'

89)*9): ' '-( +9)*(- ,);. T&* +*= , -&* -*;+* '( &*)* -&* /*'(', ;' -*(

+* -&* +')( , -&* -*;+* )**- -&* 9-', 9'-( , -&* ,)' +),*/9)*(> )9*( / (:(-*;(. T&'( '( 0*): ;9& ,)'


14/51

9-9)* '( -:+''*/ 8: )-','-: / (' ''(,> ,;;9'-', /

'-*)-', )* -&* ;*( &*)*8: -&* ,)' &*)* -&* '/'0'/9('-&' -&* (-)9-9)* /*-*);'* ,*-'0*: -&* +-&

&'& -&* ,)' *-.> 89- '- '( ,-

++),+)'-* ,) 89('*(( ,)'


15/51

24.

25. I*8*) ;,/* , 9-9)* )*/) ),; F)*& / B* 1##5

26. T&* '*8*) ;*-+&,) , 9-9)* (&, ' F'9)* '9(-)-*( -&* &'//* 09*( -&-

9/*): &9; ,;;9'-', / /*(' *=+)*((',(> ?9(- ( -&* )*) +)- ,

'*8*) '( &'//* 9/*) -&* (* *0* F)*& B*> 1##5. O: (; +)- , 9-9)*

'( 0'('8* - -&* (9)*

2:.

27.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.


16/51

4.0 Cuture at Wayamba University

3.

37. W:;8 U'0*)('-: &( *(-8'(&*/ 9/*) R?)- U'0*)('-:. T&*)*,)* -&*9-9)* , -&* 9'0*)('-: &( ';+- 8: -&* 9-9)* - R?)- U'0*)('-:.B9- -*) -&*

'/*+*/** -&*: &0* *(-8'(&*/ 9'@9* 9-9)* '-& (*0*) *: &)-*)'(-'(.

W:;8 U'0*)('-: &( ;'=-9)* , 9-9)*. W'-& -&* 9'0*)('-: (*0*) 9-'*(

*=&'8'- /'*)*- -:+*( , 9-9)* &'& )* (989-9)*( , -&* ,0*) 9'0*)('-: /

-&* , /*;'( / /;''(-)-'0* (- &( /'*)*- (98 9-9)*(.

3!. A,)/' -, R*(*)&*) J*)*: S,**/ W:;8 U'0*)('-: &(

A,/) C+-%+').E;+,:**( )* &'&: ('*/ / -*/ -, (-: ' -&* ,)' *-.

T*; ,)> *='8''-: / ,;;'-;*- -, &'*0' -&* /*+)-;*- ,8?*-'0*( -&* +,*)

/ '9** -*/ -, 8* 8(*/ , (+*''(- ,*/* / *=+*)- +,*) , -&* )**0-

(98?*- '*/. C)*-'0'-: '( *,9)*/ / ?,8 (-'(-', -*/( -, 8* &'& ' -&*

*-9)*)( 8*9(* -&* /*)** , '/'0'/9 +)-''+-', '( &'&.

42.

4.1 Leves of cuture iustration usin" Wayamba University


17/51

1. A)-'-( W:;8 U'0*)('-: A/;''(-)-'0* B9'/' 8* ,('/*)*/ (

)-'-(. F9)-&*);,)* -&*)* )* *)-' ,,)( ,) 9'0*)('-: / ,9)

/*+)-;*- ,,) '( ;),,. A- -&* A,9-' D: , -&* (- *)(

;),, ,,) ()**( -, )**- -&'(.

2. V9*( W&* I )*)9'-*/ -, -&* 9'0*)('-: I &0* -9&- 8: -&* H*/ 8,9- -&* 09*(.

M': -&* )*(+*-( ,) (*',)'-:> P9-9'-: ,) *-9)*)(> ,,)+*)-', )* (,;* , -&*

09*(.

3. N,);( O9) F9-: '( 9'@9* ,;+)* '-& ,-&*) 9-'*( / ,-&*) 9'0*)('-'*(. T&*

*-9)*)( *) ()**( *0*):/: '(-*/ , &0' *-9)*)( ,) ,-. T&'( '( ;': /9* -, -&*

8*'* -&- '- '( ';+,)-- -, ;'-' )*(+*-. O9) (-9/*-( (, /'*)*-'-*/ ),; ,-&*)

9-'*( / ,-&*) 9'0*)('-'*(. T&*(* (-9/*-( )* &/( , -&* )*(+*- -, -&* *-9)*)( 8:

(-/' 9+ &* -&*: (** -&* *-9)*)(.4. B(' ((9;+-',( M' ((9;+-',( ' -&* 9'0*)('-: '( '/'0'/9'(-' 0'* ,); /

'/'0'/9 )*(+,('8''-: ' 8* (('*/ -, '/'0'/9 *-9)*) / (9*(( ,) '9)* )'(

'( 8,)* 8: -&*;.

4.2 Cutura *eb iustration usin" Wayamba University

43. Stories

44. W&* * ,('/*) -&* F9-: , B9('*(( S-9/'*( / F'* (-)-*/ 8: P),. E.S.

W');('&* / -&*)* '( ;: (-,)'*( &, &* (-)- -&* 9-:. P)*0',9(: W:;8

U'0*)('-: ( +)- , R?)- U'0*)('-: / P),*((,) ( S*',) L*-9)*) -

M*;*- F9-: , C,,;8, U'0*)('-:. H* &( (-)-*/ -&* F9-: '-& )*-

*,)- 8: (*)&' -&* /*-'( 8,9- -&* M*;*- 9-'*( ' S)' L.

48. ;outines

46. T&*)* )* ),9-'* +),*((*( (9& ( *-9)'> )*(*)& ,)> *=;'-',( / ++*)

;)' ' -&* 9'0*)('-: /*;'(. A/;''(-)-'0* ,'*)( )* ,/9-' -&*

/;''(-)-', ,) )*-*/ -, -&* '*> &9; )*(,9)* / **) /;''(-)-',. A(

+*) , /*;'( -&*: &0* -, )*9) --*/* / ,); *)' / ,-&*) /9-'*(.

4:.

47. ;ituas

4#. A( +*) ,0*) 9'0*)('-: ,*) -&*)* '( ,0,-', '( -&* &'&: (+*''


18/51

,8,)-', , -&* 9'0*)('-: (-. T&'( ' 8* ,)' R*'(-)) / D* , -&* F9-'*(. O)'


19/51

4.3 Cultural Iceberg

6$. I W:;8 U'0*)('-: * 8* ,8(*)0*/ -&* **8)-',(> ,)'(> -'0'-'*(> )9*(

/ )*9-',(> *-. B9- ;,(- +)- , -&* 9-9)* '( &'//*. I.*. )* 9-9)* '( ,- 0'('8*

-, *0*):,*. A( * *)* 9'0*)('-: (-9/*-( * ,9/- ,8(*)0* -&* )* ,)/ ,*-9)*)(. B9- , I ; *-9)*) I (** 8,9- -&* --'-9/*( 8,9- (-9/*-(>

,;;9'-',(> ;,-'0-',> )* (*)0'*> /*(')*( / +*)(,'-:. I ,9) 9'0*)('-:

*-9)*)( )* -&'' -, +(( -&* (-9/*-( / -&*: :( -&' -&* (-9/*-( &0* -&*

-*-( / (,;* )* '*/ /9* -, -&* 9* +),8*;. T&*)*,)* -&* *-9)*)( )* ;,)*

('*)* --'-9/* -,)/( (-9/*-(. B9- -&'( '( ,- 0'('8*. P*)(,'-: , *-9)*)( '(

)'*/: / (9++,)-'0* 89- '- '( (, ,- 0'('8*. B*9(* * -&,9&- -&*: )* 0*): +),9/

/ -&- (-*)*,-:+' '( ,- -9 ' )* ,-*=-.

61.

62. .

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

6!.

6#.

7$.

71.

72.

73.


20/51

8.0 !r"ani#in"

!4.

75. A,)/' -, S-,*)> F)**; / G'8*)- O)' 9-&,)'-:> / )*(,9)*( ;, ,)'


21/51

D(=(*(& &> W&':

B)*' ,;+*-* / ,;+*= ,) /, ' -, (; / (';+* ?,8( ' &'& *&

,)*) (+*''


22/51

8.3 +ifferent ty(es of or"ani#ationa structure

8.3.1 unctiona structures

I -&'( (-)9-9)* +*,+* '-& (';') ('( / +*),);' (';') -(( )* ),9+*/ -,*-&*)

'-, ,); ,) 9'-(. M*;8*)( ,) ' -&*') 9-', )*( , *=+*)-'(*. T&*: )* ,-

';'-*/ -, 89('*((*(. W,) * ,) (; ,)' (*)0* (';')

9(-,;*)(> /,) )* ,-*/ ' -&* (;* )* ,) *,)+&' )*',. T&'( '( ,;;, '

,;+*= ,)'


23/51

5.3.3 Matri structure

T&'( (-)9-9)* ,;8'*( 9-', / /'0'(', (-)9-9)*( -, ' /0-*( / ;'';'S*)0'* '/9(-)'*(>P),*((',

'*/(>N,+),'- (*-,) / M9-'-', ,)+,)-',(.

eam structures

K Extensivey use (ermanent and tem(orary teams to sove (robems) com(etes(ecia (ro=ects) and accom(is% daytoday tasks.

K !ften use crossfunctiona teams.

8.3.4 eam structures

T&'( (-)9-9)* *=-*('0*: 9(*( +*);*- / -*;+,)): -*;( -, (,0* +),8*;(> ,;+*-*

(+*' +),?*-(> / ,;+'(& /:-,/: -((. O-* 9(* ),((9-', -*;(.


24/51

8.3.8 >et*ork structures

I -&'( (-)9-9)* *-) ,)* -&- '( '*/ -&),9& *-,)( , )*-',(&'+( '-& ,9-('/*

,-)-,)( / (9++'*)( , *((*-' (*)0'*(. O ,: ,)* ,;+,*-( / 9(* (-)-*'

'*( ,) ,9-(,9)' -, +),0'/* ,-&*) ,;+,*-(.

8.3.6 9oundaryess or"ani#ations

T&'( (-)9-9)* *';'-*( '-*) 8,9/)'*( ;, (98(:(-*;( / *=-*) 8,9/)'*( '-&

-&* *=-*) *0'),;*-.A ,;8'-', , -*; / *-,) (-)9-9)*(> '-& -&* //'-', ,

-*;+,))'*((.%*: )*@9')*;*-(

A8(** , &'*))&:.

E;+,*);*- , -*; ;*;8*)(

.T*&,,: 9-''


25/51

V'1*C&.31*22,)

D*+9-: V'1*

C&.31*22,)

A1./*;'1

D*.3( ,4 -&*F.192-'*(

D')*1-,)E=-*)3.2R*2.-',3(

R*7'(-.)

G*3*).2A/;'3'(-).-',3

B9)(.)F'3.31'.2A/;'3'(-).-',3

6.0 !r"ani#in" at Waymba University

6.1 !r"ani#ationa Structure at Waymba University

T&'( '( -&* 8(' ,)'


26/51

S-)-*' A+*= KV'* C&*,) '( -&* S-)-*' A+*= , -&* U'0*)('-:

M'//* L'* KD* , -&* 9-'*( / S*',) R*'(-))( )* M'//* L'*.

T*&,(-)9-9)* KIT (-> L'8)): (- 8* ,('/*)*/ ( T*&,(-)9-9)* -W:;8 U'0*)('-:.

S9++,)- S- A(('(-- R*'(-)) / A(('(-- B9)() / ,-&*) , /*;' (-

8* ,('/*)*/ ( T*&,(-)9-9)*

6.3 %e eements of !r"ani#ationa structure

D(=(*(& &> W&':

I W:;8 U'0*)('-: -&* -(( )* /'0'/*/ ,)/' -, -&* 9-'*(. T&* -(( , -&*

,),/ - F9-'*( )* /'0'/*/ ,)/' -, -&* /*+)-;*-(. D*+)-;*- ,),/ '(

/'0'/*/ ;, /*;' / , /*;' (-.

I/*+*/*-: -&* /;''(-)-'0* / *)' ,)( )* /'0'/*/ ;, /;''(-)-'0* /

, /*;' (-.

D)


27/51

o D*+)-;*- , C,;+9-' I,);-', S:(-*;(

o D*+)-;*- , E*-),'(

o D*+)-;*- , I/9(-)' M*;*-

o D*+)-;*- , M-&*;-' S'**(

F9-: , B9('*(( S-9/'*( F'*

o D*+)-;*- , A,9-:

o D*+)-;*- , B9('*(( M*;*-

o D*+)-;*- , B' / F'*

o D*+)-;*- , I(9)* / V9-',

F9-: , L'0*(-, F'(&*)'*( N9-)'-',

o D*+)-;*- , A@99-9)* F'(&*)'*(

o D*+)-;*- , A++'*/ N9-)'-',

o D*+)-;*- , F,,/ S'** T*&,,:

o D*+)-;*- , L'0*(-, A0' S'**

C8,( &> C&,/A,)/' -, -&* ,)'

&*/( (&,9/ )*+,)- -, -&* D*. D* (&,9/ 8* )*+,)-*/ -, V'* C&*,). N, /*;'

(- (&,9/ 8* )*+,)-*/ A(('(-- R*'(-))( / -&*: )* )*(+,('8* ,) R*'(-)).

S M,,))%

T&'( '( /*+*/( , -&* 9-'*(. I ,9) B9('*(( S-9/'*( / F'* F9-: -&*)* )*

,9) &*/( 9/*) -&* D*. I ,9-: /*+)-;*- # /*;' ;*;8*)( / 2 ,
http://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/95-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-computing-information-systemshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/95-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-computing-information-systemshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/96-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-electronicshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/97-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-industrial-managementhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/97-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-industrial-managementhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/98-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-mathematical-scienceshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/90-academic/faculties/business-studies-financehttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/90-academic/faculties/business-studies-financehttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/99-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-accountancyhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/100-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-business-managementhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/101-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-banking-and-financehttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/102-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-insurance-and-valuationhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/89-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutritionhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/103-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-aquaculture-fisherieshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/104-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-applied-nutritonhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/105-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-food-science-technologyhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/106-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-livestock-avian-sciencehttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/95-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-computing-information-systemshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/96-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-electronicshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/97-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-industrial-managementhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/98-academic/faculties/applied-sciences/department-of-mathematical-scienceshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/90-academic/faculties/business-studies-financehttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/99-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-accountancyhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/100-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-business-managementhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/101-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-banking-and-financehttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/102-academic/faculties/business-studies-finance/department-of-insurance-and-valuationhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/89-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutritionhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/103-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-aquaculture-fisherieshttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/104-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-applied-nutritonhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/105-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-food-science-technologyhttp://www.wyb.ac.lk/academics/106-academic/faculties/livestock-fisheries-nutrition/department-of-livestock-avian-science


28/51


29/51

/'*)*- /*+)-;*-(. I,);-', ),9+( ' ,;;9'-* (, ;: *0*-( ' **)-*

: -& -&* ,); ,;;9'-', &*(.

:.0 @otivation

M,-'0-', '( -&* )*(9- , '-*)-', 8*-** -&* +*)(, / ('-9-', '- '( ,-

+*)(, -)'-. I ,-&*) ,)/( ;,-'0-', '( -&* +),*(( 8: &'& +*)(,( *,)-( )*

**)' /')*-*/> / (9(-'*/ -,)/( --'' ,. M,-'0-', ,)( 8*(- &*

'/'0'/9 **/( )* ,;+-'8* '-& ,)'


30/51

T, &'*0* ;=';9; ;,-'0-', +,-*-' '- '( ';+,)-- ' '' )*)/( -,

+*),);*

R*(+*- /'0*)('-: / '/'0'/9 /'*)**( -, 8*(- 9/*)(-/ &- +*,+* -

),; ,).

A,-* )*)/( -, (-'(: -&* '-*)*(-( , 8,-& '/'0'/9( / -&* ,)'


31/51

:.2.1 5ierarc%y of needs t%eory

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: A8)&; M(,. L,*),)/*) / &'&*),)/*) **/( *-

,)+* 8*&0',) / --'-9/*(.

L,*),)/*) **/(

1. P&:(',,'> (*-:> / (,'

**/(.

2. D*(')*( ,) +&:(' / (,' *

8*'.

H'&*),)/*) **/(

1. E(-**; / (*-9'


32/51

G),-& **/( Q /*(')*( ,) ,-'9*/ +(:&,,' ),-& / /*0*,+;*-.

%e different ty(es of individua needs

K A: **/( '9** 8*&0',) - ,* -';*.

K F)9(-)-',)*)*((', +)''+*.

A )*/: (-'('*/ ,*)*0* **/ 8*,;*( )*-'0-*/ &* &'&*)*0* **/ '(

)9(-)-*/

:.2.3 *ofactor t%eory

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: F)*/*)' H*)


33/51

:.2.4 'cDuired needs t%eory

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: D0'/ MC*/.P*,+* @9')* **/( -&),9& -&*') '**=+*)'**(.

N**/( -&- )* @9')*/

N**/ ,) A&'*0*;*-A&

N**/ ,) P,*) P,*)

N**/ ,) A''-',A

>eed for 'c%ievement n'c%F

T&'( ;*( /*(')* -, /, (,;*-&' 8*--*) ,) ;,)* *''*-:> -, (,0* +),8*;(> ,) -,

;(-*) ,;+*= -((. P*,+* &'& ' A& +)**) ,) -&-


34/51

K I0,0*( '/'0'/9 )*(+,('8''-: ,) )*(9-(.

K I0,0*( &'*08* 89- &*' ,(.

K P),0'/*( **/8 , +*),);*.

>eed for


35/51

y(es of (rocess t%eories

K E@9'-: -&*,):.

K E=+*-: -&*,):.

K G,(*--' -&*,):.

:.3.1 EDuity t%eory

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: J. S-: A/;(. W&* +*,+* 8*'*0* -&- -&*: &0* 8**

-)*-*/ 9'): ' ,;+)'(, -, ,-&*)(> -&*: -): -, *';'-* -&* /'(,;,)- / )*(-,)*

+*)*'0*/ (*(* , *@9'-: -, -&* ('-9-',.

P*)*'0*/ '*@9'-:.

P*)*'0*/ *@9'-:.

EDuity t%eory and t%e roe of socia com(arison.

P*,+* )*(+,/ -, +*)*'0*/ *-'0* '*@9'-: 8: &'


36/51

K W,) '+9-(.

K R*)/( )**'0*/.

K C,;+)'(, +,'-(.

K S'-9-',.

:.3.2 Ex(ectancy t%eory

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: V'-,) V),,;. %*: *=+*-: -&*,): 0)'8*(

E=+*-: Q 8*'* -&- ,)' &)/ ' )*(9- ' /*(')*/ *0* , +*),);*.

I(-)9;*-'-: Q 8*'* -&- (9*((9 +*),);* ' 8* ,,*/ 8: )*)/(.

V**H 09* +*)(, (('( -, )*)/( / ,-&*) ,) )*-*/ ,9-,;*(

Eements in t%e ex(ectancy t%eory of motivation.

7.3.3 !oal"setting theor#


37/51

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: E/' L,*. P),+*): (*- / *;*/ -( ,(

8* &'&: ;,-'0-'.

@otivationa effects of task "oas

P),0'/* /')*-', -, +*,+* ' -&*') ,).

C)': +*),);* *=+*--',(.

E(-8'(& );* , )**)** ,) **/8.

P),0'/* ,9/-', ,) 8*&0',) (*;*;*-

,ey issues and (rinci(es in t%e "oasettin" (rocess

S*- (+*'' ,(.

S*- &*' ,(.

B9'/ , *+-* / ,;;'-;*-.

C)': , +)',)'-'*(.

P),0'/* **/8 , , ,;+'(&;*-.

R*)/ , ,;+'(&;*-

:.4 undamentas of reinforcement t%eory G

R*',)*;*- -&*,): ,9(*( , -&* ';+- , *=-*) *0'),;*- ,(*@9**( ,8*&0',).


38/51

!(erant conditionin"

T&'( -&*,): '( /*0*,+*/ 8: B.F. S'*). T&'( -&*,): ++'*( , **- -, ,-),

8*&0',) 8: ;'+9-' '-( ,(*@9**( .L , **- ;*( ';+- , -:+* ,

,(*@9** , 9-9)* 8*&0',)

!(erant conditionin" strate"ies

K P,('-'0* )*',)*;*- I)*(*( -&* )*@9*: , 8*&0',) -&),9& -&* ,-'*-

+)*(*--', , +*(- ,(*@9**.

K N*-'0* )*',)*;*-I)*(*( -&* )*@9*: , 8*&0',) -&),9& -&* ,-'*-

)*;,0 , 9+*(- ,(*@9**

K P9'(&;*-D*)*(*( -&* )*@9*: , 8*&0',) -&),9& -&* ,-'*- +)*(*--', ,

9+*(- ,(*@9**.

K E=-'-',D*)*(*( -&* )*@9*: , 8*&0',) -&),9& -&* ,-'*- )*;,0 ,

+*(- ,(*@9**.

:.8 'n inte"rated a((roac% to motivationa dynamics.


39/51

$.% Moti&ation at 'a#amba (ni&ersit#

W:;8 U'0*)('-: '( ,0*);*- ,)'


40/51

+*);*- (-. W&* -&* (- /&*)*( -, -&* 9'0*)('-: ( / ,8-'( -&* **(():

@9''-',( ' -&* )**0- +*)',/ -&*)* '( , )'( , -&* *;+,:;*-. S*',)'-: '(

;': ,('/*)*/ / ,)/' -, -&* (*',)'-: / 9';*- , ,-&*) @9''-',(

, 9+ -&* )**) //*) .F9)-&*);,)* E;+,:;*- P),0'/*- F9/> E;+,:** T)9(-

F9/ / U'0*)('-: P*(', F9/ )* *-'-*/ 8: -&* 9'0*)('-: *;+,:**(.

W&* ,('/*)*/ W:;8 U'0*)('-: ,) ;: ,*) ,,' F-,)( ' -&* W,)+*

&'*0*( S,' N**/(. A( +*) /*;'( -&* )*-',(&'+ , , ,)*)( /*+*/( ,

(*',)'-:. T&* )*-',(&'+ 8*-** ,,)*)( - *0* , /'(-* ,- ;,)* ,(*

)*-',(&'+. R*-',(&'+ '-& & -&* H*/ '( ,)+,)-'0*. H*/ ' 8* ((' /9-'*( ,)

-&* -*;(. I ,9) /*+)-;*- , ,9-: -(( )* (('*/ ( )*(*)& (9+*)0'(',>

'/9(-)' )*-',(&'+(> /*;' ,);(> )*(*)& ,) '/'0'/9 -*;(. A- -&* 8')-&/:(, -&* ;*;8*)( * **8)-* - /*+)-;*- *0* / +)-''+-* ,) -&*') 9-',(. A( -

-&* 9-: '/'0'/9 /*+)-;*- **8)-* /:( ( ,9-'> '(9)*> 8' /:.

F9-: **8)-*( 9-: /:> (+,)-( /:> 9*> *-.

W&* ,('/*)*/ W:;8 U'0*)('-: ,) ;: ,*) ,,' F-,)( ' -&*

W,)+* &'*0*( E(-**; N**/(. A,)/' -, -&* C')9) N, #16 -, +),;,-* (

+),*((,) )*@9')* (, ;: +*),);* (-/)/( '9/' -*&'> +,(- )/9-*

(9+*)0'(',> +)-''+-' ' ,-'9' +),*((', /*0*,+;*- +),);(> (*)0'* ,)

-&* '(-'-9-', /*0*,+;*-> -)('-',' -, /9 /*'0*): , *((,(> )*(*)&>

(&,)(&'+> )*-'0* ,)> +**) )*0'**/ +98'-',( / ,-)'89-',( -, 9'0*)('-: /

N-',I-*)-', D*0*,+;*-.

C,');-', , P),8-',): L*-9)*) '( 8(*/ , -&* (+*'' 9'/*'*( (9& ( -&)**

:*)( (-'(-,): (*)0'*> C,;+*-', , M(-*)( D*)** ,) D,-,)' D*)** '-&

)*(*)& / -&* ,;+*-', , *)-''-* ,9)(* , -*&' , H'&*) E/9-',.

L*-9)*) +),;,-*/ -, S*',) L*-9)*)> G)/* II ;*)*: '-& +),;,-', '-& ,;+*-',

, '0* :*)( (*)0'*. S*',) L*-9)*) KG)/* II +),;,-*( ( S*',) L*-9)*) G)/* KI

'-& '-*)0'* / -*(-*/ -&* -*&'> )*(*)&> /'((*;'-', , ,*/* / ,-&*)

9'0*)('-: -'0'-:.


41/51

"enior Professor

Professor

Associate Professor

"enior #ect$rer%&ra'e%(

"enior #ect$rer%&ra'e%(i

#ect$rer

#ect$rer)Pro*ationery+

T&* )**) //*) , 9'0*)('-: /*;'( '( '9(-)-*/ 8: -&* F'9)* '0* 8*,.

C,'))' L,//)' &> U(=)'*(% A,/)(*

T&*)* )* (, ;: -)'' / /*0*,+;*- -'0'-'*( 8* **/ 8: 9'0*)('-:

*-9)*)( ;,(- , -&*(* ,++,)-9'-'*( 8* )*';89)(*/.

W&* ,('/*)*/ W:;8 U'0*)('-: ,) ;: ,*) ,,' F-,)( ' -&*

W,)+* &'*0*( (* -9'


42/51

1#7$(

2$12

S-)-' (): ,) +),8-',): *-9)*)

7$$

2772$

A- C*-) B ;*;*- -)'** '-& (';') @9''-',(

6$$

5$$$$

W&* * ,('/*) -&'( ('-9-', *): '/*-': +*)*'0*/ '*@9'-:. A( +*) -&* (';')

*0* ?,8 ' *) &'&*) (): ;*( -&*)* '( &,)' ' -&* )'&- :(> / - -&* )'&- -';*. M*)(

;,'-,) / )*9-* &, *''*-: / **-'0*: ,)'


43/51

,.1 T#-es of Control

.1.1 eed for*ard Contros

T&'( '( 9(*/ -, -''+-* +),8*;( 8*,)* -&*: )'(* (, -&- +),8*;( /, ,- ,9) -*)

/9)' -&* ,0*)(', +),*((. G'0' (-)'*- +),/9- (+*''-',( -, (9++'*)( ' /0*. IT

8* 9(*/ -, **+ ' ,-- '-& (9++'*)( / -, ;,'-,) -&*') +),)*((

,.1.2 Concurrent Controls

G'0* ;*)( ';;*/'-* **/8 , &, *''*-: '+9-( )* 8*' -)(,);*/ '-,

,9-+9-(. A,( ;*)( -, ,))*- +),8*;( ( -&*: )'(*

.1.3 eedback Contros U(*/ -, +),0'/* ',);-', - -&* ,9-+9- (-* 8,9- 9(-,;*)( )*-',( -, ,,/( /

(*)0'*( (, -&- ,))*-'0* -', 8* -* ' **(():

.3 Ste(s in controin" (rocess

1. E(-8'(& (-/)/( , +*),);*> ,(> ,) -)*-( '(- &'& +*),);* '( -, 8*

*09-*/.

M*)( - *& ,)' -&* &)/*) '- '( -, ;*(9)* 8*&0',) ,) ,9-+9-(

3. C,;+)* -9 +*),);* '(- &,(* (-/)/( , +*),);*

M*)( *09-* &*-&*) K / -, &- *=-*- K +*),);* /*0'-*( ),; -&*

(-/)/( , +*),);* &,(* ' (-*+ 1

4. E09-* )*(9- / ''-'-* ,))*-'0* -', ' -&* (-/)/ '( ,- 8*' &'*0*/


44/51


45/51

O


46/51

S+*'' ,( / ,8?*-'0*( )* *(-8'(&*/ - *& *0* , -&* ,)' / '/'0'/9(

.4.4 Can Contro

T&* ,-), *=*)-*/ , '/'0'/9( / ),9+( ' ,)' / *=+*--',(.


47/51

1%.% Controls at 'a#amba (ni&ersit#

S)' L 9'0*)('-'*( )* ;': ,-),*/ 8: U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((',.

A-*))/( *& 9'0*)('-: ,-),( '9/* ,,'(.

10.1 Senates

A,)/' -, -&* P)-VII (98 (*-', 46 , U'0*)('-: A- N, 16 , 1#7! S*-* (& 8*

-&* /*;' 9-&,)'-: , -&* 9'0*)('-:. S*-*( ,('(- , V'* C&*,)> D*+9-: V'*C&*,)> R*-,)> D*( , F9-:> H*/( , D*+)-;*-(> *& P*);*- P),*((,)

, -&* 9'0*)('-:> L'8))' / -, **-*/ M*;8*)( ),; -&* F9-:. T&'( '( /**-'

+,*) -, ';+*;*- /*'(',( ),; -&* -,+ , 8*& , 9-: ;*;8*)(. T&* ';+,)--

/*'(',( -* ' 9-: 8,)/( '9/' +),);( ,*)*/> &*( ' 9))'99;>

)*@9')*;*-( , /*)**( / /;'((', +,': )* ';+*;*-*/ '-& -&* ++),0 ,

(*-*.

1%.2!o&erning Councils

E& / *0*): S)' L U'0*)('-'*( &0* ,0*)' ,9'. G,0*)' C,9' '(

'/*+*/*- 8,/: -&- -( 8*-** 9'0*)('-'*( / -&* *=-*) 8,/'*( &*)* -&*: )*

,9-8*. C,9' '( -&* 8,/: -&- )*+)*(*-( -&* 9'0*)('-'*( -, -&* *=-*) ,)/ /

)*+)*(*-( *=-*) ,)/ -, -&* 9'0*)('-:.

A&'/( %& %8) ,'%VII *+ *)%(& 44 ,/ 45 &> U(=)'*(% A% N& 16 &> 1$"#9

G,0*)' C,9' (& 8* -&* *=*9-'0* 8,/: / ,0*)' 9-&,)'-: , -&* 9'0*)('-:.T&* +)-''+-( '9/* V'* C&*,)> D*+9-: V'* C&*,)> R*-,)> D*( ,

F9-'*(> -, ;*;8*)( **-*/ 8: -&* (*-* ;, '-( , ;*;8*)( / -&* ;*;8*)(

++,'-*/ 8: -&* U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((',.


48/51

T&* ;' 9-',( , C,9' '9/*( &,/ / ,-), -&* +),+*)-: , -&* 9'0*)('-:> -,

)*9-* -&* 9-',( , -&* 9'0*)('-: ,)/' -, -&* U'0*)('-: A-> /;''(-*) 9/(>

+)*+)* '' *(-';-*(> -, ;* 8: (> -, ++,'- *=;'*)(> -, ++,'- 8,)/ ,

*)*> -, *-*) '-, ,-)-( , 8*& , 9'0*)('-:> /0'(* , -&* (9(+*(', ,

+,('-',( / *=*)'(* ,-&*) +,*)( , 9'0*)('-:.

G,0*)' ,9' +)*+)*( , -*); (-)-*' + ,) -&* 9'0*)('-'*( / ;,'-,) -&*')

';+*;*--', +),*((.

1%.3u*get /ractices an* Financial Management

I S)' L 9'0*)('-'*( ,-*=- B9/*- +)-'*( / F'' M*;*- &(

';+*;*-*/ 8(*/ , ,;;'((', ')9)(> F'' C')9)(> -)*(9): )9*(> *-.

G**): ('= ;,-& 8*,)* -&* G,0*);*- B9/*-> -&* U'0*)('-: +)*+)*( -&* 89/*-

,)/' -, -&* ')9)( / -&* )*@9')*;*-( , -&* /*+)-;*-( , 9'0*)('-'*(. T&'(

' 8* (*- -, -&* U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((', / -&*: ' (*/ -&* -,- 9'0*)('-:

89/*- -, -&* M''(-): , H'&*) E/9-',. T&*)*-*) ,)/' -, -&* ,0*);*-

89/*- ,-', U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((', (*/( -&* ((' (9; -, -&* 9'0*)('-'*(.

M,(- +),88: -&'( '( - 8,9- !$ ),; -&* )*@9*(-*/ ;,9-. T&*)*,)* -&* +*/

*=+*/'-9)* (&,9/ 8* &*/ ,)/' -, -&* * ;,9- )**'0*/> +)*+)*/ (

+),); 89/*- / (*/ -, -&* U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((',. F9)-&*);,)* -&*: (&,9/

+)*+)* -&* (& ,)*(-( ;,-&: / (*/ -, -&* U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((',. T&'(

';+),0*( -)(+)*: , -&* 9'0*)('-: (:(-*;.

10.4 Jisitin" Committees and 'ccreditation

"9'-: A((9)* / A)*/'--', C,9' "AA , U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((',

,/9- '/*+*/*- )*0'*( )*-*/ -, -&* '(-'-9-', )*0'*> (98?*-/*+)-;*-

)*0'* / '8)): )*0'*(. T&*(* )* ,/9-*/ ' ,)/* '-& -&* +&',(,+&: ,

@9'-: ((9)* +),*/9)*( )*/'--',.

"AA ,9' '-& HETC H'&*) E/9-', ,) -&* T*-: F')(- C*-9): P),?*-

,)'


49/51

L. T&'( &( ,;+*-*/ 8: (-*+ '(* ' C,)+,)-* P , U'0*)('-: G)-

C,;;'((',.

10.8 Internationa C%arters and 5andbooks

A -&* 9'0*)('-'*( &0* '(-'-9-', &)-*) / /*'* -&* * );* ,)( /

;'((',( , -&* 9'0*)('-:. T&'( *-*)( -&* 9'0*)('-: / (*-( -&* -,* ,) ,-&*)

-'0'-'*( ' -&* 9'0*)('-:.

F9-: / S-9/*- H/8,,( (, 9(*/ ' +),;,-' ,,/ ,0*)* ' S)' L.

T&*(* B,,( )* ,;+)*&*('0*> *): )'--* / 9: 9+/-*/ 8: -&* S)' L

U'0*)('-'*(.

F9-: H/8,,( '9/*( 9-: )'&-( / )*(+,('8''-'*(> /*-'*/ 9'/* ,) /9-'*(

, -&* /*;' ;*;8*)( '9/' -*&' / )*(*)& -'0'-'*( / -&* ,9-('/*

+),*((', -'0'-'*( (9& ( P,(- G)/9-* P),);(> M(-*)( P),);( ,) P&D.

P),);.

S-9/*- &/8,,( '9/* ,8?*-'0*( , ,9)(*(> )9*( / )*9-',( , /*;'

+),);( ,*)*/ / (-9/*-( )'&-( / )*(+,('8''-'*( -, -&* 9'0*)('-'*(.


50/51

11.0 Concusion

T&'( )*+,)- ;': ';( -&* +)-' ++'-', , -&*,)'*( *)- ' -&* ((),,;.I ;:

)*+,)- ''-': ,('/*)( -&* 9-9) (+*-( , -&* W:;8 9'0*)('-: . H*)* I &0* ,8(*)0*/

9'0*)('-: &( /*;' 9-9)* / T( 9-9)* ,)/' -, C&)*( H/:. F9)-&*);,)*

9-9) *8 *=+'*/ ' -&* ,-*=- , W:;8 U'0*)('-:. S*,/: I &0* *=+,)*/ -&* ,)'


51/51

12.0 ;eferences

1. W:;8 U'0*)('-: , S)' L> H'(-,):> (- *((*/ /-* 23)/ F*8)9): 2$14 -

&--+.:8.,0*)0'*.&-;

2. C9-9)*>,'*> (- *((*/ 25-& F*8)9): 2$14 - &--+.;'/-,,(.,;

3. U'0*)('-: G)- C,;;'((',> C')9)(> (- *((*/ /-* 23)/ F*8)9): 2$14 -

&--+.9.

4. L9-&*(> F. 1##2> O)'(-', B*&0',9)> 7-&*/'.> M.G) H> I.> N* Y,)

USA.5. S-*+&* P.R,88'(2$12> M*;*->11-&*/'>P)*-*'* H

6. P9(&+9;)' M.D> 2$13>C9-9)*>*-9)* &/,9-.F),; M*;*- /

O)' U'0*)('-: , J:*)/**+9)

7. P9(&+9;)' M.D> 2$13> C,-),> *-9)* &/,9-.F),; M*;*- /

O)' U'0*)('-: , J:*)/**+9)

!. P9(&+9;)' M.D> 2$13>P),*(( , M,-'0-',>*-9)* &/,9-.F),; M*;*-

/ O)' U'0*)('-: , J:*)/**+9)#. P9(&+9;)' M.D> 2$13>P),*(( , ,)'('>*-9)* &/,9-.F),; M*;*-

/ O)' U'0*)('-: , J:*)/**+9)
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