practice test: chapter 24: vertebrates -...
TRANSCRIPT
Practice Test 2: Chordates
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is a chordate characteristic?a. ventral, hollow nerve cordb. bony endoskeletonc. post-anal taild. backbone
2. In addition to the four characteristics that distinguish chordates from other phyla, chordates also have _____.a. a ventral, hollow nerve cordb. radial symmetryc. protostome developmentd. a true body cavity (coelom)
*3. Which of the following chordates is described as an invertebrate, fishlike animal, with cilia in its pharynx to help it filter feed?a. lanceletsb. sea squirtsc. craniated. hagfish
*4. Which of the following enables you to identify the lamprey species that are parasitic?a. sucker-like mouths lined with teeth
b. complex eyesc. fleshy finsd. bony skeletonse. jaws with rows of razor-sharp teeth
5. Which of the following is a group of invertebrates?a. Reptiliab. Amphibiac. Mammaliad. Aves
e. Echinodermata
6. Which of the vertebrate groups is the most diverse, but often overlooked because of humans’ habitat bias?a. bony fishb. jawless fishc. mammalsd. birds
7. The range of amphibian habitats on land is limited by ____________.a. eggs protected by a jellylike coatingb. use of their skin as a supplementary respiratory organc. external fertilizationd. eggs protected by a jellylike coating, use of their skin as a supplementary respiratory organ, and external
fertilization
8. Reptiles are well adapted to living in drier habitats because of their __________.a. hollow bonesb. production of a shelled amniotic eggc. two chambered heartd. moist skin used as a supplemental respiratory organe. external fertilization
9. The group of terrestrial vertebrates that may be the first indicators of environmental pollution is the _______.a. amphibiansb. bony fishesc. lanceletsd. reptiles
10. All chordates share which of the following characteristics?_________________.a. bilateral symmetryb. fully lined body cavityc. a dorsal, hollow nerve cordd. pharyngeal gill slits
e. bilateral symmetry, a fully lined body cavity, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits
11. All members of the Phylum Chordata, whether human or lancelet, share certain key features. Which of the following is not characteristic of all chordates?a. dorsal, hollow nerve chordb. notochordc. pharyngeal gill slitsd. tail
e. bony endoskeleton
*12. Which of the following are invertebrate Chordates?a. tunicatesb. sea squirtsc. lampreys d. lanceletse. tunicates and lampreys
f. lancelets, sea squirts g. tunicates, sea squirts, lancelets
13. The only chordate feature present in adult humans is the _________________..a. post-anal tailb. dorsal, hollow nerve cord c. pharyngeal gill slitsd. notochord
14. The invertebrate chordates differ from vertebrate chordates due to the lack of ____________.a. pharyngeal gill slitsb. a post-anal tailc. a backboned. a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
*15. Species of which of the following animal phyla are deuterostomes?a. Annelidab. Arthropodac. Chordatad. Echinodermata
e. Arthropoda, Chordata, and Echinodermata f. both Chordata and Echinodermata
16. Phylum Chordata does not include ___________.a. fishb. birdsc. amphibiansd. squidse. mammals
*17. If amphibians were plants, they would be most like _________________. a. mosses
b. flowering plantsc. conifersd. ferns
18. The ability of birds to fly is facilitated by their _________________________.a. four-chambered heartb. lung supplemented by air sacsc. external development of a shelled eggd. hollow bones
e. four-chambered heart, lungs supplemented by air sacs, external development in a shelled egg, and hollow
bones
19. The great size and mobility of the vertebrates is associated with _______________.a. four-chambered heartsb. lungs used for respirationc. lightweight endoskeletonsd. uterine development of offspring
e. increased brain size and complexity
20. An animal’s ability to live successfully on land is increased by ____________.a. external fertilizationb. a two-chambered heartc. moist skin used for gas exchanged. gills
e. development in a shelled egg
21. The high body temperature of birds and mammals is due to ____________.a. heat generated by a high metabolismb. the presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous glandsc. the fur that insolates themd. behaviors such as basking in the sun or seeking shade
e. the exchange of gases and nutrients via the placenta
22. Cartilaginous fish are characterized by __________________.a. a three-chambered heartb. poorly developed lungsc. a skeleton formed entirely of cartilaged. milk-producing glands
23. What defines a mammal, or distinguishes it from other vertebrates?a. its hairless exteriorb. its primitive, simple brainc. milk-producing glandsd. most mammals complete the great majority of their development outside of the uterus
24. A long period of uterine development and gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between the mother and embryo is characteristic of __________________.
a. all mammalsb. birdsc. marsupialsd. placental animals
e. monotremes
*25. Class Chondrichthyes includes _____________.a. whalesb. lampreysc. all fishd. frogs
e. sharks
*26. These organisms used to be in Class Aves, but they are now placed with the Class Reptilia. a. kangaroob. birdsc. frogsd. dogs
*27. Parasitic lampreys have _______________.a. sucker-like mouths lined with teethb. a backbonec. ventral solid nerve cordd. sucker-like mouths lined with teeth and a backbonee. a backbone and ventral solid nerve cord
28. The vulnerability to both water and air pollutants may be the cause of the dramatic decline in numbers of which of the
following semiterrestrial chordates? a. amphibiansb. arthropodsc. annelidsd. bony fish
e. reptiles
29. Reptiles are better adapted to land dwelling than are amphibians because of their _____________.a. two-chambered heartb. moist skin used as a respiratory structurec. well-developed lungsd. embryo’s uterine development
30. Reptilian embryos will not dry out in a desert habitat because ______________.a. reptiles produce lots of defensive slimeb. reptiles’ eggs are protected by a jellylike coatingc. the placenta facilitates exchanges between the mother and the embryod. reptiles produce shelled, amniote eggs
e. reptiles are warmed blooded
*31. All vertebrates exhibit _______________development.a. deuterstomeb. protostomec. pseudocoelomated. acoelomate
32. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all chordates at some point in life?a. pharyngeal gill slitsb. hollow nerve cordc. backboned. a notochord
*33. Why are vertebrates so much larger than arthropods?a. Four limbs provide support for the greater weight of vertebrates.b. An endoskeleton provides support without the weight of the exoskeleton.c. All arthropods have wings, and wings cannot support increased weight.d. Vertebrates have cartilage instead of bone, making them lighter in weight.
34. The vertebrate group does not include the:a. birds
b. mammalsc. lampreyd. sea squirts
*35. Which of the following adaptations protects hagfish from predators?a. scales that are covered in barbs, preventing predators from touching themb. scales so thick that predators cannot bite through themc. skin that secretes a lethal poisond. secretions of large amounts of slime, allowing hagfish to slip through the grasp of predators
36. How do sharks differ from other fish such as salmon, tuna, or goldfish?a. Sharks respire with gills.b. Sharks do not have a skeleton of bone.c. Sharks have a two-chambered heart.d. Sharks swim with fins.
37. While snorkeling on a coral reef in the Caribbean, you see a brightly colored fish with bony spines in its fins. It has a swim bladder for floating. The fish is a:a. Ray-finned fishb. Lungfishc. Sharkd. Lamprey
38. Why must amphibians stay tied to watery environments?
a. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart that requires more water than more advance hearts do.b. Amphibian skin is used for respiration and must remain moist.c. Amphibian eggs form in hard, leathery shells that must be kept moist.d. In adult amphibians, gills are used for respiration and must remain moist.
39. Which of the following is NOT a reptilian adaptation to life on land? a. leathery skin b. internal fertilization c. a four-chambered heart d. improved efficiency of lungs
40. Which of the following is not a characteristic that is unique to mammals? a. fur b. mammary glands c. highly developed brain d. four-chambered heart
41. The Duckbilled Platypus is most closely related to: a. Wallabys b. Ducks c. Spiny anteaters d. Cheetahs
42. At some point in their lives, all Chordates possess all of the following features except _______.a. a notochordb. a nerve chordc. gill slitsd. fur
e. post-anal tail
43. Mammals have all the following characteristics except ____________.a. mammary glandsb. hairy bodiesc. high metabolic ratesd. legs designed for runninge. radula
44. Humans belong to which category?a. Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyesb. Phylum Chordata, Clas Osteichthyesc. Phylum Chordata, Class Reptiliad. Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia
e. Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia
45. Phylum Chordata includes which two invertebrates?a. Sea Squirtb. Lampreyc. Lanceletd. Lung fish
e. Lung fish and Lamprey f. Lancelet and a Sea Squirt
46. The notochord develops into the ________________ in vertebrate chordates.a. backboneb. spinal chordc. dorsal hollow nerve chordd. brain
*47. Lancelets have all of the following except _____________. a. gill slits
b. a notochord c. dorsal nerve cord d. post anal tail. e. a backbone
*48. Lampreys __________________. a. are jawless fishesb. can be parasitesc. are fresh water and marined. have teeth
e. all of the above
*49. Which of these organisms is a Chordate?a. scorpionb. wormc. fairy shrimpd. octopus
e. sea squirt
*50. Tunicates _________. a. are sessile b. are filter-feeders c. larvae have all the diagnostic features of chordates d. are invertebrates e. all of the above
Using the following choices, tell me which category each animal belongs to in questions #51-63. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. Phylum Chordata, Class AgnathaB. Phylum Chordata, Class ChondrichthyesC. Phylum Chordata, Class OsteichthyesD. Phylum Chordata, Class AmphibiaE. Phylum Chordata, Class ReptiliaAB. Phylum Chordata, Class MammaliaAC. Phylum Chordata, invertebrates
*51. Hagfish: 52. Salamanders: 53. Lizards: 54. Cougars: 55. Birds: 56. Humans: 57. Skates: *58. Tunicates: 59. Crocodiles: *60. Sea squirts *61. Lampreys:62. Toads: *63. Lancelets:
Practice Test: Chapter 24: Vertebrates ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is a chordate characteristic?e. ventral, hollow nerve cordf. bony endoskeletong. post-anal tail h. backbone
2. In addition to the four characteristics that distinguish chordates from other phyla, chordates also have _____.a. a ventral, hollow nerve cordb. radial symmetryc. protostome developmentd. a true body cavity (coelom)
3. Which of the following chordates is described as an invertebrate, fishlike animal, with cilia in its pharynx to help it filter feed?a. lanceletsb. sea squirtsc. craniated. hagfish
4. Which of the following enables you to identify the lamprey species that are parasitic?a. sucker-like mouths lined with teeth
b. complex eyesc. fleshy finsd. bony skeletonse. jaws with rows of razor-sharp teeth
5. Which of the following is a group of invertebrates?a. Reptiliab. Amphibiac. Mammaliad. Aves
e. Echinodermata
6. Which of the vertebrate groups is the most diverse, but often overlooked because of humans’ habitat bias?a. bony fishb. jawless fishc. mammalsd. birds
7. The range of amphibian habitats on land is limited by ____________.a. eggs protected by a jellylike coatingb. use of their skin as a supplementary respiratory organc. external fertilizationd. eggs protected by a jellylike coating, use of their skin as a supplementary respiratory organ, and external
fertilization
8. Reptiles are well adapted to living in drier habitats because of their __________.a. hollow bonesb. production of a shelled amniotic eggc. two chambered heartd. moist skin used as a supplemental respiratory organe. external fertilization
9. The group of terrestrial vertebrates that may be the first indicators of environmental pollution is the _________.a. amphibiansb. bony fishesc. lanceletsd. reptiles
10. All chordates share which of the following characteristics?_________________.a. bilateral symmetry
b. fully lined body cavityc. a dorsal, hollow nerve cordd. pharyngeal gill slits
e. bilateral symmetry, a fully lined body cavity, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits
11. All members of the Phylum Chordata, whether human or lancelet, share certain key features. Which of the following is not characteristic of all chordates?a. dorsal, hollow nerve chordb. notochordc. pharyngeal gill slitsd. tail
e. bony endoskeleton
12. Which of the following are invertebrate Chordates?a. tunicatesb. sea squirtsc. lampreys d. lanceletse. tunicates and lampreys
f. lancelets, sea squirts g. tunicates, sea squirts, lancelets
13. The only chordate feature present in adult humans is the _________________..a. post-anal tailb. dorsal, hollow nerve cord c. pharyngeal gill slitsd. notochord
14. The invertebrate chordates differ from vertebrate chordates due to the lack of ____________.a. pharyngeal gill slitsb. a post-anal tailc. a backboned. a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
15. Species of which of the following animal phyla are deuterostomes?a. Annelidab. Arthropodac. Chordatad. Echinodermata
e. Arthropoda, Chordata, and Echinodermata f. both Chordata and Echinodermata
16. Phylum Chordata does not include ___________.a. fishb. birdsc. amphibiansd. squidse. mammals
17. If amphibians were plants, they would be most like _________________. a. mosses
b. flowering plantsc. conifersd. ferns
18. The ability of birds to fly is facilitated by their _________________________.a. four-chambered heartb. lung supplemented by air sacsc. external development of a shelled eggd. hollow bones
e. four-chambered heart, lungs supplemented by air sacs, external development in a shelled egg, and hollow bones
19. The great size and mobility of the vertebrates is associated with _______________.
a. four-chambered heartsb. lungs used for respirationc. lightweight endoskeletonsd. uterine development of offspring
e. increased brain size and complexity
20. An animal’s ability to live successfully on land is increased by ____________.a. external fertilizationb. a two-chambered heartc. moist skin used for gas exchanged. gills
e. development in a shelled egg
21. The high body temperature of birds and mammals is due to ____________.a. heat generated by a high metabolismb. the presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous glandsc. the fur that insolates themd. behaviors such as basking in the sun or seeking shade
e. the exchange of gases and nutrients via the placenta
22. Cartilaginous fish are characterized by __________________.a. a three-chambered heartb. poorly developed lungsc. a skeleton formed entirely of cartilaged. milk-producing glands
23. What defines a mammal, or distinguishes it from other vertebrates?a. its hairless exteriorb. its primitive, simple brainc. milk-producing glandsd. most mammals complete the great majority of their development outside of the uterus
24. A long period of uterine development and gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between the mother and embryo is characteristic of __________________.
a. all mammalsb. birdsc. marsupialsd. placental animals
e. monotremes
25. Class Chondrichthyes includes _____________.a. whalesb. lampreysc. all fishd. frogs
e. sharks
26. These organisms used to be in Class Aves, but they are now placed with the Class Reptilia. a. kangaroob. birdsc. frogsd. dogs
27. Parasitic lampreys have _______________.a. sucker-like mouths lined with teethb. a backbonec. ventral solid nerve cordd. sucker-like mouths lined with teeth and a backbonee. a backbone and ventral solid nerve cord
28. The vulnerability to both water and air pollutants may be the cause of the dramatic decline in numbers of which of the following semiterrestrial chordates? a. amphibiansb. arthropods
c. annelidsd. bony fish
e. reptiles
29. Reptiles are better adapted to land dwelling than are amphibians because of their _____________.a. two-chambered heartb. moist skin used as a respiratory structurec. well-developed lungsd. embryo’s uterine development
30. Reptilian embryos will not dry out in a desert habitat because ______________.a. reptiles produce lots of defensive slimeb. reptiles’ eggs are protected by a jellylike coatingc. the placenta facilitates exchanges between the mother and the embryod. reptiles produce shelled, amniote eggs
e. reptiles are warmed blooded
31. All vertebrates exhibit _______________development.a. deuterstomeb. protostomec. pseudocoelomated. acoelomate
32. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all chordates at some point in life?a. pharyngeal gill slitsb. hollow nerve cordc. backboned. a notochord
33. Why are vertebrates so much larger than arthropods?a. Four limbs provide support for the greater weight of vertebrates.b. An endoskeleton provides support without the weight of the exoskeleton.c. All arthropods have wings, and wings cannot support increased weight.d. Vertebrates have cartilage instead of bone, making them lighter in weight.
34. The vertebrate group does not include the:a. birds
b. mammalsc. lampreyd. sea squirts
35. Which of the following adaptations protects hagfish from predators?a. scales that are covered in barbs, preventing predators from touching themb. scales so thick that predators cannot bite through themc. skin that secretes a lethal poisond. secretions of large amounts of slime, allowing hagfish to slip through the grasp of predators
36. How do sharks differ from other fish such as salmon, tuna, or goldfish?a. Sharks respire with gills.b. Sharks do not have a skeleton of bone.c. Sharks have a two-chambered heart.d. Sharks swim with fins.
37. While snorkeling on a coral reef in the Caribbean, you see a brightly colored fish with bony spines in its fins. It has a swim bladder for floating. The fish is a:a. Ray-finned fishb. Lungfishc. Sharkd. Lamprey
38. Why must amphibians stay tied to watery environments?a. Amphibians have a three-chambered heart that requires more water than more advance hearts do.b. Amphibian skin is used for respiration and must remain moist.c. Amphibian eggs form in hard, leathery shells that must be kept moist.
d. In adult amphibians, gills are used for respiration and must remain moist.
39. Which of the following is NOT a reptilian adaptation to life on land? a. leathery skin b. internal fertilization c. a four-chambered heart d. improved efficiency of lungs
40. Which of the following is not a characteristic that is unique to mammals? a. fur b. mammary glands c. highly developed brain d. four-chambered heart
41. The Duckbilled Platypus is most closely related to: a. Wallabys b. Ducks c. Spiny anteaters d. Cheetahs
42. At some point in their lives, all Chordates possess all of the following features except _______.a. a notochordb. a nerve chordc. gill slitsd. fur
e. post-anal tail
43. Mammals have all the following characteristics except ____________.a. mammary glandsb. hairy bodiesc. high metabolic ratesd. legs designed for runninge. radula
44. Humans belong to which category?a. Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyesb. Phylum Chordata, Clas Osteichthyesc. Phylum Chordata, Class Reptiliad. Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia
e. Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia
45. Phylum Chordata includes which two invertebrates?a. Sea Squirtb. Lampreyc. Lanceletd. Lung fish
e. Lung fish and Lamprey f. Lancelet and a Sea Squirt
46. The notochord develops into the ________________ in vertebrate chordates.a. backboneb. spinal chordc. dorsal hollow nerve chordd. brain
47. Lancelets have all of the following except _____________. a. gill slits b. a notochord c. dorsal nerve cord d. post anal tail.
e. a backbone
48. Lampreys __________________. a. are jawless fishesb. can be parasitesc. are fresh water and marined. have teeth
e. all of the above
49. Which of these organisms is a Chordate?a. scorpionb. wormc. fairy shrimpd. octopus
e. sea squirt
50. Tunicates _________. a. are sessile b. are filter-feeders c. larvae have all the diagnostic features of chordates d. are invertebrates e. all of the above
Using the following choices, tell me which category each animal belongs to in questions #51-63. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. Phylum Chordata, Class AgnathaF. Phylum Chordata, Class ChondrichthyesG. Phylum Chordata, Class OsteichthyesH. Phylum Chordata, Class AmphibiaI. Phylum Chordata, Class ReptiliaAB. Phylum Chordata, Class MammaliaAC. Phylum Chordata, invertebrates
51. Hagfish: A. Agnatha52. Salamanders: D. Amphibia53. Lizards: E. Reptilia54. Cougars: AB Mammalia55. Birds: E. Reptilia56. Humans: AB. Mammalia57. Skates: B. Chondrichthyes58. Tunicates: AC. invertebrates59. Crocodiles: E. Reptilia60. Sea squirts AC invertebrates61. Lampreys: A. Agnatha62. Toads: D. Amphibia63. Lancelets: AC invertebrates
CHORDATE REVIEW TEST 1
Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A vertebrate is any chordate that has aa. backbone.b. notochord.c. hollow nerve cord.d. tail that extends beyond the anus.
2. Most fishes are characterized by each of the following EXCEPTa. a cartilaginous skeleton.b. scales.c. paired fins.d. gills.
3. The first vertebrates to evolve werea. amphibians.b. lancelets.c. tunicates.d. fishes.
4. Blood flows through the body of a fish in aa. single-loop open circulatory system.b. single-loop closed circulatory system.c. double-loop open circulatory system.d. double-loop closed circulatory system.
5. The organ that adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes is thea. swim bladder.b. cerebellum.c. ventricle.d. kidney.
6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most amphibians?a. They live on land as adults.b. They breathe with lungs as adults.c. They have moist skin that contains mucus glands.d. They have scales and claws.
7. In the circulatory system of an adult amphibian, one loop carriesa. oxygen-poor blood from the body directly to the lungs.b. oxygen-rich blood from the lungs directly to the body.c. oxygen-poor blood from the lungs back to the heart.d. oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart.
8. The eggs of amphibians can dry out easily because theya. are never encased in jelly.b. do not have shells.c. are usually laid on land.d. are always fertilized externally.
9. Suppose you know that vertebrate X has lungs and lays eggs with several protective membranes. What else would you need to know about vertebrate X to determine if it is a reptile?a. how many limb girdles it hasb. whether it lives on landc. whether it has a well-developed skulld. what its skin is like
10. One way an ectotherm can warm its body is toa. move into the shade.b. bask in the sun.c. speed up its metabolism.d. crawl into an underground burrow.
11. Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that enables reptiles to live out of water?a. having two limb girdlesb. having lungsc. having scaly skind. laying eggs that have protective membranes
12. The difference between reptilian eggs and amphibian eggs is that reptilian eggsa. must develop in water.b. always hatch inside the mother’s body.c. are surrounded by a protective shell and membranes.d. do not contain an embryo.
13. Most lizards have all of the following EXCEPTa. clawed toes.b. a third eye.c. movable eyelids.d. external ears.
14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all birds?a. They have an outer covering of feathers.b. They maintain a constant internal body temperature.c. They have two legs.
d. They can fly.
15. A bird’s respiratory system is more efficient than that of other land vertebrates becausea. inhaled air passes directly into the lungs.b. oxygen-poor air is inhaled along with oxygen-rich air.c. air flows through the lungs in only one direction.d. none of the space in the lungs is occupied by tubes.
16. If a bird has a hooked bill and sharp talons, it might be a(an)a. water bird.b. ostrich.c. bird of prey.d. perching bird.
17. Mammals are characterized by each of the following EXCEPTa. mammary glands.b. hair.c. endothermy.d. three-chambered hearts.
18. Which organ is used by a cow to feed her newborn calf?a. mammary glandb. placentac. marsupiumd. rumen
19. To release heat from their bodies when necessary, some mammals use theira. external body hair.b. subcutaneous fat.c. sweat glands.d. high rate of metabolism.
20. The mammalian circulatory system consists ofa. one loop powered by a four-chambered heart.b. two separate loops powered by a four-chambered heart.c. two separate loops powered by a three-chambered heart.d. four separate loops powered by a two-chambered heart.
21. An example of an animal with a marsupium is a(n)a. elephant.b. sea lion.c. mouse.d. kangaroo.
22. Which of the following animals is LEAST closely related to the other three?a. moleb. vole
c. moused. porcupine
23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primates?a. opposable digitsb. a well-developed cerebrumc. binocular visiond. a cloaca
24. Bipedal locomotion consists ofa. swinging from branch to branch.b. using the tail to grasp branches during walking.c. moving the big toe against the other digits.d. walking on two feet.
25. A phylogenetic tree shows that all chordates evolved froma. tunicates and lancelets.b. dinosaur ancestors.c. fishes.d. a common ancestor.
26. The largest living group of chordates is thea. amphibians.b. fishes.c. mammals.d. birds.
27. In vertebrates, each of the following is important in regulating body temperature EXCEPT aa. source of heat.b. way of conserving heat.c. long digestive tract.d. method of eliminating heat.
28. The main difference between ectotherms and endotherms isa. the source of their body heat.b. how they obtain food to provide for their metabolism.c. whether they control their body temperature.d. whether they conserve or eliminate body heat.
29. Which of the following vertebrates has a heart with four chambers?a. a salamanderb. a lizardc. a goldfishd. a cow
30. The most efficient vertebrate lungs are found ina. amphibians.
b. reptiles.c. birds.d. mammals.
31. Embryos obtain nutrients from the yolk inside the egg ina. oviparous and ovoviviparous animals.b. viviparous and ovoviviparous animals.c. viviparous and oviparous animals.d. viviparous animals only.
32. Reproduction in most mammals involvesa. internal fertilization and ovoviviparous development.b. internal fertilization and viviparous development.c. external fertilization and oviparous development.d. external fertilization and either oviparous or ovoviviparous development.
33. A small animal crouches 1 m in front of a pit viper in total darkness. A gentle breeze is blowing in the direction from the viper toward the small animal. The viper will have the greatest chance of detecting the small animal if the small animala. remains motionless.b. releases an odor.c. is brightly colored.d. is warmer than its surroundings.
34. Compared with the limbs of most amphibians, the limbs of reptiles tend to bea. smaller and weaker.b. capable of carrying less weight.c. located farther beneath the body.d. less specialized in form and function.
35. One characteristic that Archaeopteryx had but most dinosaurs lacked wasa. feathers.b. teeth.c. a tail.d. claws.
36. The fact that Archaeopteryx had teeth in its beak and well-developed feathers covering its body suggests that Archaeopteryx was aa. powerful flier.b. transitional species.c. modern bird.d. dinosaur.
37. Birds that fly at high altitudes need an especially efficient respiratory system becausea. at high altitudes the air sacs do not function.b. there is little oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes.c. at high altitudes birds flap their wings faster.
d. there is little carbon dioxide at high altitudes.
38. Insect-eating birds are beneficial to human society because theya. pollinate flowers.b. help keep mosquito populations under control.c. disperse seeds.d. help insect populations to grow.
39. Careless use of DDT harmed birds because ita. killed plants that birds eat.b. killed plants that hide birds from predators.c. made birds’ feathers fall off.d. accumulated in the food chain and poisoned birds.
40. In which of the following ways does a larval tunicate resemble an adult tunicate?a. overall body shapeb. method of moving from place to placec. method of feedingd. structure of notochord
41. Vertebrate X has gills. To determine whether vertebrate X is a fish, it would be useful to know if it also hasa. a notochord.b. pharyngeal pouches.c. a spinal cord.d. paired fins.
42. Suppose a fish is swimming upstream in total darkness. Which of the following would be most likely to help the fish sense aquatic predators that approach it from behind?a. its well-developed eyesb. its chemoreceptorsc. its lateral line systemd. its bulbus arteriosus
43. The mimicry practiced by some species of nontoxic amphibians would be most effective against predators that hunt by sensing thea. smell of their prey.b. color of their prey.c. sounds made by their prey.d. heat released by their prey.
44. Which chamber of an amphibian’s heart contains blood with the highest oxygen concentration?a. ventricleb. right atriumc. left atriumd. conus arteriosus
45. Which body system includes the rumen?a. respiratoryb. circulatoryc. excretoryd. digestive
46. In mammals, the amount of water in the body is controlled mainly by thea. kidneys.b. diaphragm.c. heart.d. lungs.
47. A mammal that cannot properly adjust its breathing rate under varying conditions probably has a defect in itsa. medulla oblongata.b. spinal cord.c. cerebrum.d. cerebellum.
48. The only continent on which you can expect to find a wild mammal with a cloaca isa. North America.b. South America.c. Australia.d. Africa.
49. Mammals of species X reproduce without forming a placenta. You could determine to which of the three groups of mammals species X belongs if you knew any of the following EXCEPTa. how its reproductive and urinary systems connect to the outside of the body.b. what happens to its eggs after they are fertilized.c. how it controls its body temperature.d. how its young obtain milk from the mother.
50. Hominids differ from other primates on the basis of all of the following EXCEPTa. brain size.b. method of reproduction.c. method of locomotion.d. shape of the hip bones.
51. Compared with the number of extinct chordate species, the number of living chordate species isa. much larger.b. slightly larger.c. the same.d. much smaller.
52. Which of the following help mammals retain body heat?a. hair and sweat glandsb. hair and body fat
c. bones and sweat glandsd. bones and body fat
53. Filter feeders include all of the following EXCEPTa. lancelets.b. flamingoes.c. crocodiles.d. baleen whales.
54. Raccoons are omnivores, which means that they eat both meat and plant material. If you compared the digestive tract of a raccoon with that of a similar-sized herbivore and a similar-sized carnivore, the raccoon’s digestive tract would most likelya. be the shortest of the three.b. be the longest of the three.c. have a length intermediate between the herbivore and the carnivore.d. be the same length as the other two.
55. Chordate respiratory structures include all of the following EXCEPTa. simple air sacs.b. the medulla oblongata.c. the surface of the skin.d. the lining of the mouth.
56. When a fish respires, water flows in through which of the following patterns?a. in through the gill slits, over the gill filaments, and out through the mouthb. in through the gill filaments, over the gill slits, and out through the mouthc. in through the mouth, over the gill slits, and out through the gill filamentsd. in through the mouth, over the gill filaments, and out through the gill slits
57. Sexual reproduction occurs ina. fishes.b. amphibians.c. mammals.d. all of the above
Short Answer
58. Identify four features common to all chordates.
Essay
59. Why is the control of body temperature important for vertebrates?
60. The basic features of temperature control in a house are a furnace; insulation in the walls, floor, and ceiling; and one or more doors and windows that open to the outside. Describe the analogous features in an endotherm and explain their roles in temperature control. Fill in the blanks and give an explanation for each.
Name one endotherm___________________
A furnace in a house is like a ___________________in an endotherm.
Explanation:
Insulation in a house is like __________________________in an endotherm.
Explanation:
Windows and doors in a house are like _______________________in an endotherm.
Explanation:
61. The skin of most amphibians is richly supplied with capillaries. The skin of most reptiles, in contrast, does not have such a dense network of capillaries. Explain the functional importance of this difference.
62. Label the following diagram.
1. ________________________________ 10. _____________________________
2. _________________________________ 11. _____________________________
3. ________________________________ 12. _____________________________
4. __________________________________ 13. _____________________________
5. __________________________________ 14. _____________________________
6. __________________________________ 15. _____________________________
7. __________________________________ 16. _____________________________
8. __________________________________ 17. _____________________________
9. __________________________________ 18. _____________________________
63. Complete the table to compare fish, amphibians and reptiles.
FISH AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
Body cover
Breathing
Heart
Movement
Reproduction
Feeding
Name: BIOLOGY 11Score: 0 / 57 (0%) [4 subjective questions not graded]
Vertebrate Test
Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A vertebrate is any chordate that has aa. backbone.b. notochord.c. hollow nerve cord.d. tail that extends beyond the anus.
ANSWER: A
2. Most fishes are characterized by each of the following EXCEPTa. a cartilaginous skeleton.b. scales.c. paired fins.d. gills.
ANSWER: A
3. The first vertebrates to evolve werea. amphibians.b. lancelets.c. tunicates.d. fishes.
ANSWER: D
4. Blood flows through the body of a fish in aa. single-loop open circulatory system.b. single-loop closed circulatory system.c. double-loop open circulatory system.d. double-loop closed circulatory system.
ANSWER: B
5. The organ that adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes is thea. swim bladder.b. cerebellum.c. ventricle.
d. kidney.
ANSWER: A
6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most amphibians?a. They live on land as adults.b. They breathe with lungs as adults.c. They have moist skin that contains mucus glands.d. They have scales and claws.
ANSWER: D
7. In the circulatory system of an adult amphibian, one loop carriesa. oxygen-poor blood from the body directly to the lungs.b. oxygen-rich blood from the lungs directly to the body.c. oxygen-poor blood from the lungs back to the heart.d. oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart.
ANSWER: D
8. The eggs of amphibians can dry out easily because theya. are never encased in jelly.b. do not have shells.c. are usually laid on land.d. are always fertilized externally.
ANSWER: B
9. Suppose you know that vertebrate X has lungs and lays eggs with several protective membranes. What else would you need to know about vertebrate X to determine if it is a reptile?a. how many limb girdles it hasb. whether it lives on landc. whether it has a well-developed skulld. what its skin is like
ANSWER: D
10. One way an ectotherm can warm its body is toa. move into the shade.b. bask in the sun.c. speed up its metabolism.d. crawl into an underground burrow.
ANSWER: B
11. Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that enables reptiles to live out of water?a. having two limb girdlesb. having lungs
c. having scaly skind. laying eggs that have protective membranes
ANSWER: A
12. The difference between reptilian eggs and amphibian eggs is that reptilian eggsa. must develop in water.b. always hatch inside the mother’s body.c. are surrounded by a protective shell and membranes.d. do not contain an embryo.
ANSWER: C
13. Most lizards have all of the following EXCEPTa. clawed toes.b. a third eye.c. movable eyelids.d. external ears.
ANSWER: B
14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all birds?a. They have an outer covering of feathers.b. They maintain a constant internal body temperature.c. They have two legs.d. They can fly.
ANSWER: D
15. A bird’s respiratory system is more efficient than that of other land vertebrates becausea. inhaled air passes directly into the lungs.b. oxygen-poor air is inhaled along with oxygen-rich air.c. air flows through the lungs in only one direction.d. none of the space in the lungs is occupied by tubes.
ANSWER: C
16. If a bird has a hooked bill and sharp talons, it might be a(an)a. water bird.b. ostrich.c. bird of prey.d. perching bird.
ANSWER: C
17. Mammals are characterized by each of the following EXCEPTa. mammary glands.b. hair.
c. endothermy.d. three-chambered hearts.
ANSWER: D
18. Which organ is used by a cow to feed her newborn calf?a. mammary glandb. placentac. marsupiumd. rumen
ANSWER: A
19. To release heat from their bodies when necessary, some mammals use theira. external body hair.b. subcutaneous fat.c. sweat glands.d. high rate of metabolism.
ANSWER: C
20. The mammalian circulatory system consists ofa. one loop powered by a four-chambered heart.b. two separate loops powered by a four-chambered heart.c. two separate loops powered by a three-chambered heart.d. four separate loops powered by a two-chambered heart.
ANSWER: B
21. An example of an animal with a marsupium is a(n)a. elephant.b. sea lion.c. mouse.d. kangaroo.
ANSWER: D
22. Which of the following animals is LEAST closely related to the other three?a. moleb. volec. moused. porcupine
ANSWER: A
23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primates?a. opposable digitsb. a well-developed cerebrum
c. binocular visiond. a cloaca
ANSWER: D
24. Bipedal locomotion consists ofa. swinging from branch to branch.b. using the tail to grasp branches during walking.c. moving the big toe against the other digits.d. walking on two feet.
ANSWER: D
25. A phylogenetic tree shows that all chordates evolved froma. tunicates and lancelets.b. dinosaur ancestors.c. fishes.d. a common ancestor.
ANSWER: D
26. The largest living group of chordates is thea. amphibians.b. fishes.c. mammals.d. birds.
ANSWER: B
27. In vertebrates, each of the following is important in regulating body temperature EXCEPT aa. source of heat.b. way of conserving heat.c. long digestive tract.d. method of eliminating heat.
ANSWER: C
28. The main difference between ectotherms and endotherms isa. the source of their body heat.b. how they obtain food to provide for their metabolism.c. whether they control their body temperature.d. whether they conserve or eliminate body heat.
ANSWER: A
29. Which of the following vertebrates has a heart with four chambers?a. a salamanderb. a lizard
c. a goldfishd. a cow
ANSWER: D
30. The most efficient vertebrate lungs are found ina. amphibians.b. reptiles.c. birds.d. mammals.
ANSWER: C
31. Embryos obtain nutrients from the yolk inside the egg ina. oviparous and ovoviviparous animals.b. viviparous and ovoviviparous animals.c. viviparous and oviparous animals.d. viviparous animals only.
ANSWER: A
32. Reproduction in most mammals involvesa. internal fertilization and ovoviviparous development.b. internal fertilization and viviparous development.c. external fertilization and oviparous development.d. external fertilization and either oviparous or ovoviviparous development.
ANSWER: B
33. A small animal crouches 1 m in front of a pit viper in total darkness. A gentle breeze is blowing in the direction from the viper toward the small animal. The viper will have the greatest chance of detecting the small animal if the small animala. remains motionless.b. releases an odor.c. is brightly colored.d. is warmer than its surroundings.
ANSWER: D
34. Compared with the limbs of most amphibians, the limbs of reptiles tend to bea. smaller and weaker.b. capable of carrying less weight.c. located farther beneath the body.d. less specialized in form and function.
ANSWER: C
35. One characteristic that Archaeopteryx had but most dinosaurs lacked wasa. feathers.b. teeth.c. a tail.d. claws.
ANSWER: A
36. The fact that Archaeopteryx had teeth in its beak and well-developed feathers covering its body suggests that Archaeopteryx was aa. powerful flier.b. transitional species.c. modern bird.d. dinosaur.
ANSWER: B
37. Birds that fly at high altitudes need an especially efficient respiratory system becausea. at high altitudes the air sacs do not function.b. there is little oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes.c. at high altitudes birds flap their wings faster.d. there is little carbon dioxide at high altitudes.
ANSWER: B
38. Insect-eating birds are beneficial to human society because theya. pollinate flowers.b. help keep mosquito populations under control.c. disperse seeds.d. help insect populations to grow.
ANSWER: B
39. Careless use of DDT harmed birds because ita. killed plants that birds eat.b. killed plants that hide birds from predators.c. made birds’ feathers fall off.d. accumulated in the food chain and poisoned birds.
ANSWER: D
40. In which of the following ways does a larval tunicate resemble an adult tunicate?a. overall body shapeb. method of moving from place to placec. method of feedingd. structure of notochord
ANSWER: C
41. Vertebrate X has gills. To determine whether vertebrate X is a fish, it would be useful to know if it also hasa. a notochord.b. pharyngeal pouches.c. a spinal cord.d. paired fins.
ANSWER: D
42. Suppose a fish is swimming upstream in total darkness. Which of the following would be most likely to help the fish sense aquatic predators that approach it from behind?a. its well-developed eyesb. its chemoreceptorsc. its lateral line systemd. its bulbus arteriosus
ANSWER: C
43. The mimicry practiced by some species of nontoxic amphibians would be most effective against predators that hunt by sensing thea. smell of their prey.b. color of their prey.c. sounds made by their prey.d. heat released by their prey.
ANSWER: B
44. Which chamber of an amphibian’s heart contains blood with the highest oxygen concentration?a. ventricleb. right atriumc. left atriumd. conus arteriosus
ANSWER: C
45. Which body system includes the rumen?a. respiratoryb. circulatoryc. excretoryd. digestive
ANSWER: D
46. In mammals, the amount of water in the body is controlled mainly by thea. kidneys.b. diaphragm.c. heart.
d. lungs.
ANSWER: A
47. A mammal that cannot properly adjust its breathing rate under varying conditions probably has a defect in itsa. medulla oblongata.b. spinal cord.c. cerebrum.d. cerebellum.
ANSWER: A
48. The only continent on which you can expect to find a wild mammal with a cloaca isa. North America.b. South America.c. Australia.d. Africa.
ANSWER: C
49. Mammals of species X reproduce without forming a placenta. You could determine to which of the three groups of mammals species X belongs if you knew any of the following EXCEPTa. how its reproductive and urinary systems connect to the outside of the body.b. what happens to its eggs after they are fertilized.c. how it controls its body temperature.d. how its young obtain milk from the mother.
ANSWER: C
50. Hominids differ from other primates on the basis of all of the following EXCEPTa. brain size.b. method of reproduction.c. method of locomotion.d. shape of the hip bones.
ANSWER: B
51. Compared with the number of extinct chordate species, the number of living chordate species isa. much larger.b. slightly larger.c. the same.d. much smaller.
ANSWER: D
52. Which of the following help mammals retain body heat?a. hair and sweat glands
b. hair and body fatc. bones and sweat glandsd. bones and body fat
ANSWER: B
53. Filter feeders include all of the following EXCEPTa. lancelets.b. flamingoes.c. crocodiles.d. baleen whales.
ANSWER: C
54. Raccoons are omnivores, which means that they eat both meat and plant material. If you compared the digestive tract of a raccoon with that of a similar-sized herbivore and a similar-sized carnivore, the raccoon’s digestive tract would most likelya. be the shortest of the three.b. be the longest of the three.c. have a length intermediate between the herbivore and the carnivore.d. be the same length as the other two.
ANSWER: C
55. Chordate respiratory structures include all of the following EXCEPTa. simple air sacs.b. the medulla oblongata.c. the surface of the skin.d. the lining of the mouth.
ANSWER: B
56. When a fish respires, water flows in through which of the following patterns?a. in through the gill slits, over the gill filaments, and out through the mouthb. in through the gill filaments, over the gill slits, and out through the mouthc. in through the mouth, over the gill slits, and out through the gill filamentsd. in through the mouth, over the gill filaments, and out through the gill slits
ANSWER: D
57. Sexual reproduction occurs ina. fishes.b. amphibians.c. mammals.d. all of the above
ANSWER: D
Short Answer
58. Identify four features common to all chordates.
RESPONSE: ANSWER: Four features common to all chordates are a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve
cord, a tail that extends posterior to the anus, and pharyngeal pouches.
Essay
59. Why is the control of body temperature important for vertebrates?
RESPONSE: ANSWER: Many of the chemical reactions that are important in metabolism are affected by
temperature. Therefore, essential life functions can be carried out most efficiently when an animal’s body temperature is within a particular operating range. For example, if the temperature is too low, muscles may contract slowly. If it is too high, muscles may tire easily and other body systems may not function properly.
60. The basic features of temperature control in a house are a furnace; insulation in the walls, floor,
and ceiling; and one or more doors and windows that open to the outside. Describe the analogous features in an endotherm and explain their roles in temperature control. Fill in the blanks and give an explanation for each.
Name one endotherm___________________
A furnace in a house is like a ___________________in an endotherm.
Explanation:
Insulation in a house is like __________________________in an endotherm.
Explanation:
Windows and doors in a house are like _______________________in an endotherm.
Explanation:
RESPONSE: ANSWER: Metabolism in an endotherm is analogous to the furnace in a house; both provide
an internal source of heat. Insulating feathers in birds and body fat and hair in mammals are analogous to insulation in a house; all of these help to retain heat. Panting and sweating in an endotherm are analogous to opening outside doors and windows in a house; all of these allow excess heat to be eliminated.
61. The skin of most amphibians is richly supplied with capillaries. The skin of most reptiles, in
contrast, does not have such a dense network of capillaries. Explain the functional importance of this difference.
RESPONSE: ANSWER: Many amphibians use their skin to exchange gases with their environment.
Having a high density of capillaries in the skin increases the rate at which oxygen can diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the blood at the skin surface. Most reptiles do not use their skin for gas exchange, so having a dense network of skin capillaries would offer no functional advantage to them.
CHORDATA VOCABULARY LIST
Complete the table below. Use the Chordata Powerpoint, your notes and both the textbook and study guide to complete the list. An “official” list will be in the class wiki by Saturday.
If you fold the sheets vertically, then you have joined flashcards for review…
NOTOCHORD
GILLS
MAMMARY GLANDS
OVIPAROUS
OVOVIPAROUS
VIVIPAROUS
