present and future trends of the potato chain...

http://www.potato.ro E-mail: [email protected]

National Institute of Research and Developmentfor Potato and Sugar Beet

(NIRDPSB) Brasov, ROMANIA

PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDSPRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDSOF THE POTATO CHAIN IN ROMANIAOF THE POTATO CHAIN IN ROMANIA

Sorin CHIRU, Gheorghe OLTEANU, Laura Asanache

Bulgaria, Plovdiv, 5-6 July 2010



General data regarding the agriculture in Romania

Romania is situated in the South-East part of Europe, at the intersection of principal axis of communication North-South and East-West.

With a total area of 238391 km2, almost as large as United Kingdom (244100 km2), Romania is the ninth largest country in an enlarged European Union with 27 members states.

It represents 5.4% from area and 4.7% from the EU population (MARD, 2009).

Romania is situated in the South-East part of Europe, at the intersection of principal axis of communication North-South and East-West.

With a total area of 238391 km2, almost as large as United Kingdom (244100 km2), Romania is the ninth largest country in an enlarged European Union with 27 members states.

It represents 5.4% from area and 4.7% from the EU population (MARD, 2009).

National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beethttp://www.potato.ro E-mail: [email protected]

The Romanian agriculture, although with a high natural potential, is still far from a compatible level to the European Union structures.

From the 23.8 million hectares of total area, the agriculture amounts 14.8 million hectares.

From all cultivated surface of 8.9 million hectares the first three crops are :

1. Cereals 62%;2. Oleaginous plants (15%); 3. Potato (3.2%).

The Romanian agriculture, although with a high natural potential, is still far from a compatible level to the European Union structures.

From the 23.8 million hectares of total area, the agriculture amounts 14.8 million hectares.

From all cultivated surface of 8.9 million hectares the first three crops are :

1. Cereals 62%;2. Oleaginous plants (15%); 3. Potato (3.2%).


KEY POINTS OF GOVERNMENT POLICY

�Romania has joined the EU in 2007;�Major implication for agriculture and rural economy are expectedafter accession.

KEY ISSUES OF AGRICULTURE

�Use 62% of land (14.8 M ha);�Constitutes ca 13% of GVA;�More than 30% of working population (compare < 5% in EU);�Small-scale, low-tech, inefficient (75% farms < 5 ha)




Actual situation of the potato crop

Evolution of potato area and average yield in Romania in the last 50 years (1957-2008) and 2008

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1957-1960

1961-1970

1971-1980

1981-1990

1991-2000

2001-2007

2008

Period

Are

a (X

100

0 H

a)

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0

Yie

ld (

to/h

a)

Area Yield Trend (Yield) Trend (Area)

Source: FAO Databases, 2008 and MARD, 2009


Limiting factors in potato production

� Reduced size of agricultural exploitations;

� Sanitary quality of planting material;

� Poor supply of financial sources for potato growers;

� Low education level of potato growers;

� The climatic conditions of last years.


The reduced sizes of land areas (2009)

Agricultural

exploitation typeNumber of landowners

Potato surface average (ha)

Individual growers 2261000 0.3

Family associations 1197 13.7

Companies 498 25.6

Research-development units 5 86.0

Source: MARD, 2009


Fig.4. T

rend of hydrothermal index 1910 - 2007

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

5,00

1910-11

1913-14

1916-17

1919-20

1922-23

1925-26

1928-29

1931-32

1934-35

1937-38

1940-41

1943-44

1946-47

1949-50

1952-53

1955-56

1958-59

1961-62

1964-65

1967-68

1970-71

1973-74

1976-77

1979-80

1982-83

1985-86

1988-89

1991-92

1994-95

1997-98

2000-01

2003-04

Pe

riod

Hydrothermal index

National Institute of R

esearch and Developm

ent for Potato and Sugar B

eethttp://w

ww

.potato.roE

-mail: icpc@

potato.ro

Potato production crop structure (proposal)

Specification2008 2010

Area(X 1000 ha)

Quantity (MT)

Area (X 1000 ha)

Quantity (MT)

A. Potato for human fresh consumption 262,0 3764,0 190,0 3650,0

- Very early and early potato 14,0 210,0 15,0 300,0

- Medium late potato 20,0 300,0 20,0 400,0

- Late potato 228,0 3254,0 155,0 2950,0

B. Forage potato - 700,0 - 500,0

C. Processed potato 3,3 66,0 6,0 150,0

D. Seed potato 3,5 63,0 4,0 100,0

TOTAL 268,8 3893,0 200,0 3900,0

Average yield X 16,3 X 19,5


Source: MADR, 2008


Comparison with the countries from European Union

The rank of Romania in EU by potato area and total yield(Ten top producers, 2008)

Source: FAOSTAT, 2009


0,00

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

700,00

Are

a (x

100

0 ha

)

010002000300040005000600070008000900010000

Tot

al y

ield

(x

1000

t)

Area Total yield

Area 597,23 283,09 30,03 22,58 24,47 18,38 5,92

Total yield 8982 4016 692 574 386 263 107

Poland RomaniaCzech

RepublicHungary Bulgaria Slovakia Slovenia

Area and total yield in seven EUCentral & Eastern countries (2006)

Source: FAO Databases, 2006


Country

Area (ha x 1000) Total Yield (t x 1000)

Average1996-08

2008 Difference %Average1996-08

2008 Difference %

Poland 1112.39 597.23 515.16 54 20008.46 8981.98 11026.48 45

Romania 299.38 283.09 16.29 95 4155.01 4015.90 139.11 97

Czech R. 61.17 30.03 31.14 49 1309.05 692.17 779.02 53

Hungary 46.16 22.58 23.58 49 991.58 574.44 417.14 58

Bulgaria 44.94 24.47 20.47 54 523.74 386.05 137.69 74

Slovakia 29.56 18.38 11.18 62 464.21 263.08 201.13 57

Slovenia 8.73 5.92 2.81 68 179.02 106.97 72.05 60

Evolution of potato crop in seven Central & Eastern countries (1996-2008)

Source: FAO Databases, 2008 and MARD, 2009



Some historical references in potato crop in Romania

Potato has a relatively long tradition in Romanian

� Practical Knowledge for potato crop - 1760.

� After a severe famine (1800‘s) “CARTOFUL”

was promoted as a staple food crop.

� 2008 – Potato is still the country’s “second

bred”.

� Excepting the years 1970-1990 when the

surfaces were concentrated in an industrial

system of cultivation, both anterior periods and

present had prevailing in potato culture the small

plots dimensions.


Specialized areas for potato crop in Romania

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR POTATO AND SUGAR BEET(NIRDPSB) BRASOV

Results and trends in breeding,seed production and technology

Breeding- to breed varieties of potato adapted to the range of climatic conditions of Romania


1923 Varieties – 2 MAIKONING

EDELROSEN

1930-1945 Varieties – 3 ARDEAL

SOMESAN

NAPOCA

1950-1966 Varieties – 8 BUCUR

COLINA

POIANA

CARPATIN

1967- 2000 Varieties – 30 SUPER REDSEC

ROCLAS ROBUSTA

CRISTIAN SUCEVITA


2001-2009 Varieties – 30 TRANSILVANIA LUIZA

DUMBRAVA AMICII

MAGIC


Potato:

- Breeding lines 40 / an

- Checked lines in ISTIS 322

- Varieties introduced in national List 41

- Protected varieties by OSIM 12

CarasSeverin

Timis Hunedoara

Goj

MehedintiDolj

Teleorman

OltGiurgiu

IlfovCalarasi

Constanta

Ialomita

Tulcea

Braila

VilceaArges

DimbovitaPrahova

Buzau

Arad

Bihor

SatuMare

Maramures

Salaj

Cluj

BistritaNasaud

SuceavaBotosani

Iasi

NeamtVaslui

Bacau

VranceaGalati

Alba

Sibiu BrasovCovasna

MuresHarghita

Seed production- to be a key provider of high quality seed (this will incorporate biotechnological solutions including tissue culture and the production of mini and micro tubers).



YearArea– ha -

Biologial categories

Pre-base

Base Certified

SE E Class A Class B1999 6438,50 - 369,60 1201,30 1857,20 1938,30

2000 4945,00 - 82,50 658,70 1391,30 1414,80

2001 5185,00 2,80 86,50 579,20 1279,20 2200,30

2002 3353,40 1,00 65,00 158,10 1252,60 1316,30

2003 2810,10 44,00 140,00 213,70 1030,00 1382,50

2004 3095,80 35,00 146,80 510,30 1167,20 1027,00

2005 1731,00 64,80 80,00 181,50 960,70 444,50

2006 2257,00 30,00 175,00 152,00 1212,00 686,00

2007 2620,64 38,50 102,80 304,28 1106,72 1068,34

2008 2174,32 8,00 54,00 158,30 1201,50 752,52

2009 1961,59 37,00 68,70 194,60 919,81 741,48

2010 878,60 32,00 49,80 108,90 444,40 243,50

�Dynamics of potato certified seed area

Dynamics of potato certified seed area


ChristianMicro-cuttings

Micro-plants Roclas


Technology “insect proof”

- Integrated Crop & Pest Management


Technology- to develop an understanding of the agronomy and crop protection for efficient and environmentally sound crop production (including precision farming).- to ensure that laboratories operate under quality assurance standards and crop production according EU standards.

VerisTech

NIR/VIS Spectrometer & EC

Precision farming

36,034,032,030,028,026,024,022,020,018,016,0

Clay content (%)

Fre

quen

cy

30

20

10

0

1) Development of potato breeding and genetic resea rches through new genomic and technological approaches, to obtain genotypes, which correspond to present and future requirements regar ding the production of healthier foods, with high qualities, suitable for ecological agriculture and which permit utilization of new protective technolo gical methods more friendly for environment, with conservation potenti al to regenerate natural resources.

The ways to solve this problem are the following:

- improving yield qualities, increasing diversity an d breeding realizing new genotypes with special characteristics (antioxidant s, vitamins, essentials);

- obtaining stress resisting genotypes to reduce the effects of adverse conditions (climatic changes, CO2 concentration, po llution);

- breeding the genotypes suitable for processing;

- breeding the genotypes suitable for organic crop.

Main research domains of interest at NIRDPSB BRASOV (2008-2013)


2) Development of clean technologies types “from fa rm to fork” in accordance with sustainable agricultural principles, increasin g food and safety security, respecting general and specific requirements of the market.

Directions to solve these problems are:

- perfecting the technologies and drawing up the Gui de for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).

- elaboration of support systems for decisions (DSS) for all involved processes (production, pest and diseases management, farm man agement).

- promoting the principles of Precision Farming thro ugh organizing an Excellency Centre (based on the newest scientific realizations : intelligent and cognitive systems for monitoring, modeling and management of the processes from potato agro-ecosystems).

3) Promoting alternative technologies for potato cr op to obtain ecological products.

Elaboration and promoting specific technologies for ecological crops with high environmental protection.


�SCG Project No. 141559/22.04.2008

�DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF AN ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION MODULE

�(POTATO, CEREALS, MEDICINAL PLANTS, FODDER PLANTS) AT FARM LEVEL

National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet

�National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet

�Project objectives:�- “ Traditional and ecologycal farm produces “considered as a priority by UTSG.�- Accomplishment of a experimental model at farm level to get vegetal products eco certified and in which it wil be applied innovative agricultural technologies specified for each species; - Obtaining eco farm products with high biologycal value (certified seed) on species: potato, phacelia, triticale, correspniding to farmers requirements, certified op erators for ecological agriculture and market operators;�- Improvement of scientifical and technical information dissemination (obtained through applied research) throug authorized operators transfer, professional associa tions students, pupils on modern ideas and technics conce rning eco cultures;


�INCDCSZ Braşov�Location site-eco-farm,

2008�1. Alfalfa, 4 ha�2. Phacelia, 1 ha�3. Potato - eco, 1 ha�4. Maize for grains, 4 ha�5. Perennial weeds , 14 ha

�1

�5

�4�3

�2

�A 1.1. Delimitation of ecological module surfaces –24 ha on A 289 plot, being on conversion


2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

primavara primavara primavara primavara primavara

cultura ha cultura ha cultura ha cultura ha cultura ha

perene vechi 1 cartof 1 triticale 1 porumb 1 facelia 1

perene vechi 1 facelia 1 triticale 1 porumb 1 cartof 1

perene vechi 4 porumb 4 cartof 4 trticale 4 sfeclă furaj 4

perene vechi 4 lucerna an I 4 lucerna an II 4 lucerna an III 4 porumb 4

perene vechi 1 perene vechi 1 facelia 1 cartof 1 triticale 1

perene vechi 3 perene vechi 3 porumb 3 cartof 3 triticale 3

perene vechi 1 perene vechi 1 porumb 1 facelia 1 cartof 1

perene vechi 4 perene vechi 4 perene vechi 4 lucerna an

I 4 lucerna an II 4

perene vechi 2 perene vechi 2 perene vechi 2 porumb 2 cartof 2

perene vechi 3 perene vechi 3 perene vechi 3 perene

vechi 3 porumb 3

Total 24 X 24 X 24 X 24 X 24

�The structure and crop rotation on eco module


�Species and varieties under crop on ecological module:

- POTATO - RUSTIC variety

- MAIZE - CINCANTIN, HĂNGĂNESC, de

FĂGĂRAŞ varieties

- PHACELIA - BALO variety

- ALFALFA - Local variety


�RUSTIC POTATO VARIETY

�RUSTIC is a Romanian variety, created at NIRDPSB Brasov through individual clonal selection, from a hybrid population and it is recomanded for ecological culture of potato on higher rural zones and on traditional agriculture zones, for autumn-winter consumption and processing as pommes-frites.


�Weeds manual control


�Ecological and innovative technologies to control Colorado potato beetle:

1. Utilization of natural insecticide:� - Beauveria bassiana solution, 2 l/ha, 2

treatments at 48 hours intervals� (technology proposed by ICDPP

Bucharest)

� 2. Mechanical destruction of adults and larvae:� - pneumatic device for collecting the

Colorado potato beetle� (technology developed with INMA

Bucharest)


�Mechanical control of Colorado potato beetle on eco module


Extension activities

�Know-how TransferFarmer day, Vadul Motilor Alba, 2004

ROCLAS

CHRISTIAN

Green Day in Harghita, 2007



International activities

�AGRICO, Netherlands� CRA Libramont, Belgium� GNIS, France� EUROPLANT, Germany � HZPC, Netherlands� M. S. R. I. P. Moldova� INORDE, Ourense, Spain� CIPA , Modena, Italy� CASP, Charlottetown, Canada

CIP Lima, 2006

Training supported by MAKIS (World Bank)


WIC, Netherlands, 2007

Training supported by MAKIS (World Bank)


EAPR Agronomy Meeting, Constanta, 2004



The 17th Trennial Conference of the EAPRJuly 06 – 10 Brasov, ROMANIA

Thank you !

present and future trends of the potato chain...

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