presentation of self in digital life
DESCRIPTION
An invited research seminar for staff at the University of Reading, presented on 30 April, 2013.TRANSCRIPT
The Presentation of Self in Digital Life: identities, literacies and pedagogies
Steve WheelerPlymouth University
Photo by Rick Doble: https://commons.wikimedia.org
Instruments, mediating tools
Subject Object
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CommunityRules Division of Labour
Engeström, Y., Miettinen, R. and Punamäki, R. (1999) Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Instruments, mediating tools
Subject Object
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of P
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, 201
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CommunityRules Division of Labour
Technology
Identity
Community
Learning
Engeström, Y., Miettinen, R. and Punamäki, R. (1999) Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Instruments, mediating tools
Subject Object
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CommunityRules Division of Labour
Technology
Identity
Community
“We shape our tools, and then our tools shape us.” - Marshall McLuhan
“New tools of thinking give rise to new mental structures.” - Lev Vygotsky
“We see ourselves reflected in the eyes of others.” - Charles Cooley
Learning
Engeström, Y., Miettinen, R. and Punamäki, R. (1999) Perspectives on Activity Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Who am I?
Photo by Brecht Soenen: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bresc/38964903/
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I am who I think you think that I am
I am not who you think I am
I am not who I think I am
Who do you think you are?
Symbolic Interactionism
Image source Demeter Gray: http://shadeofashes.blogspot.co.uk
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“We see ourselves reflected in the eyes of others” – Charles Cooley (1902)
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“People are able to build a ‘self’ by cycling through many selves”
- Sherry Turkle Stev
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“Identity … experienced as a set of roles that can be mixed and matched, whose diverse demands need to be negotiated” – Sherry Turkle (1995)
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Photo by Master Philip: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-4442912215
‘The Saturated Self’ – Kenneth Gergen
http://kols.deviantart.com/art/The-Ghost-of-Saturday-Night-177201886
People are “compelled to present themselves more accurately to people who know them better.”
Leary, M & Allen, A. (2011) Self-Presentational Persona: Simultaneous Management of Multiple Impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101 (5), 1033–1049
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
Anonymity
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“…feelings of anonymity may encourage greater participation, and create more equal opportunities for contributions, with no interruptions from the more vocal members of the group.”Pearson, J. (2000) Lurking, Anonymity and Participation in Computer Conferencing. In D. M. Watson and T. Downes (Eds.) Communications and Networking in Education: Learning in a Networked Society. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
http://christophersmark.wordpress.com/
PassiveObserver
TransactionalParticipant
PeripheralParticipant
Adapted from: Karalis, T. (2010) Situated and transformative learning: exploring the potential of critical reflection to enhance organizational knowledge, Development and Learning in Organizations, Vol. 24 (1), 17 - 20
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Lurking = legitimate peripheral participation?
Core
‘Transformative learning involves experiencing a deep, structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feelings, and actions.’ (O’Sullivan, 2003)
http://www.halloffame.outreach.ou.edu/2003/Mezirow.html
Jack Merizow
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Perspective transformation
Psychological (changes in self concept) Convictional changes (revision of belief systems)Behavioural changes (changes in lifestyle)
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
PassiveObserver
TransactionalParticipant
PeripheralParticipant
Core Group
Full Member
Adapted from: Karalis, T. (2010) Situated and transformative learning: exploring the potential of critical reflection to enhance organizational knowledge, Development and Learning in Organizations, Vol. 24 (1), 17 - 20
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The transformation ‘event horizon’ – Kevin Burden
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Transformation
ENGAGEMENT
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Photo by Josh Liba: http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-4017909606
Digital Identityhttp://kellyholborow.blogspot.co.uk
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Blogging
http://www.volusion.com/
In the act of writing... ...we are written.
- Daniel Chandler
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@timbuckteeth
Presentation of self in cyberspace
... the performance of ‘the self’ online
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http://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/image.jpeg?w=880
The case of Santiago Swallow
Presentation of Self in Digital Life
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Photo by Richie Diesterheft: http://www.flickr.com/photos/puroticorico/326684729/
Goffman – Drama Model
How would your behaviour change if this man walked into the room?
Goffman in the real world: The ‘Celebrity Effect’
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org
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What about these men?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/the-cbi/5148144187/
http://commons.wikimedia.org
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What about this woman?
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http://com
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Would your behaviour change if one of these walked into the room right now?
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http://commons.wikimedia.org
http:
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• Well known person and an unknown person walk into a shop
• The unknown person asks for change of a £20 note to make an urgent phone call
• Observers watch for reactions from the till operator
• They measure interactions• In the ‘control condition’ two unknowns
walk into the shop
A Field Experiment
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• A pleasant surprise• Shop assistants were
‘forced’ from their front stage into their back stage roles
• Celebrities ‘come into our homes’ everyday!
• Rules were forgotten or broken
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Photo by Dawn Wheeler
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/hugovk/3945049632/
Sentiment tracking
Digital Reputation
language
Managing online identity
nameimages
netiquettereputation
avatar interaction
privacy
personal data
identity
legacy
reputationname
privacy
images
interaction
http://i.dailymail.co.uk
Learners need ‘digital wisdom’
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Digital Tribes and the Social Web:
How Web 2.0 will Transform Learning in
Higher Education
Steve WheelerUniversity of Plymouth
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Engaging the Digital Generation Conference: University of Middlesex, London, 29 June 2010
In 2010 I presented this keynote…
“Where digital communication has
fractured the tyranny of distance and computers
have become pervasive and ubiquitous, identification through digital mediation
has become the new cultural capital”.
- Wheeler (2009)
Digital cultural capital – Membership of the Tribe
http://www.coreideas.com.au/
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Connection
cc S
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http://i.imx.comw
Celebration
One tribe or many?
http://www.zimbio.com
Collaboration
http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com
Costume echo = group identity
http://commons.wikimedia.org
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Postural echo =Identification
http://w
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.leifjeffers.com
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Tribal Nature of New Media
“New media ... have made our world into a single unit... The world is now like a continually sounding tribal drum. Media point us away from individual man and toward tribal man.”
- Marshall McLuhan (1960)metapedia.com
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“Twitter and blogs ... contribute an entirely new dimension of what it means to be a part of a tribe. The real power of tribes has nothing to do with the Internet and everything to do with people.”
Internet Tribes“A tribe needs a shared interest and a way to communicate.”
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“The internet eliminates geography. This means that there are now more tribes: smaller tribes, influential tribes, and tribes that could never have existed before.” - Seth Godin
http://nedgrace.files.wordpress.com
Tribes
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Digital Tribes and Virtual Clans
There is one digital tribe ... But there are may subsets of this large digital tribe – what we can term ‘virtual clans’.
- Wheeler (2009)
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http://www.phillwebb.net
Totems
“It is easier to project your feelings of awe towards a totem than something as complex as the tribe.”
- Emile Durkheim
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Digital Totems?
• Gathering places• Rituals and rules• Celebration and fun• Transmission of customs,
social mores and values (storytelling)
• = Tribal identity• = Social networks
http://w
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Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
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Digital Totems
For digital tribes ... their totems are their social networking tools within the World Wide Web.
http://www.faqs.org
Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
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Wikipedians(Deletionism + Exclusionism) /Inclusionism =
Darwikinism
Source: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Darwikinism
Survival of the fittest
content Stev
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Flickrites and Facebookers
http://www.travel-images.com http://www.coal-is-dirty.com
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Smart Mobs
http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu
“Smart Mobs consist of people who are able to act in concert even if they don’t know each other. [They can] cooperate in ways never before possible.”
Rheingold, H. (2002) Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
The ‘Thumb Tribe’ – one thumb signalling
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Flash mobs
http://idirekt.cz
The power of txting to organise collective action
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Blogging Tweeting
Public performance of learning?
Video Podcast
Photo by Ed Yourdon: http://fr.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3405811164
What my students said about Twitter...
http://jcbarrington.blogspot.com/2011/05/on-twitter.html
http://jiscrsc.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2013/04/digvis-digres.png
“We all fall somewhere along a continuum between Digital Visitor and Digital Resident, from very occasional online interaction, like accessing your bank account, to the evolution of a complex online presence through a variety of platforms.” – Judy Bloxham (JISC, 2013)
Digital Residents, Digital Visitors (White & Le Cornu, 2011)
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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Beyond my reach
What I can learn with help(ZPD)
ZPD and scaffolding
What I can learn on my
own
Technology and toolsKnowledgeable others
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http://thirdmonth.blogspot.co.uk
Computers as ‘mind tools’ for the engaging of learners in critical thinking
- David Jonassen
Photo by Mark Hillary http://www.flickr.com/photos/markhillary/4135336907/
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Twitter Wall
Students blogging
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“I have never had to work so hard before!”
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Learners will need new ‘literacies’• Social networking• Privacy maintenance• Identity management• Creating content• Organising content• Reusing and repurposing• Filtering and selecting• Self presenting• Transliteracy
http://www.mopocket.com/
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