Policy Environment and Network Mapping

Policy Environment and Network Mapping

05/11/200905/11/2009

Presentation to the I-K-Mediary Network

• Discursive changes: changes in language usage

• Procedural changes: changing how something is done

• Content changes: the actual letter of the law

• Attitudinal changes: changes in the perceptions of key stakeholders

• Behavioural changes: changes in the way something is achieved or approached

• Discursive changes: changes in language usage

• Procedural changes: changing how something is done

• Content changes: the actual letter of the law

• Attitudinal changes: changes in the perceptions of key stakeholders

• Behavioural changes: changes in the way something is achieved or approached

What is your policy objective?

What is your policy objective?

Who makes policy?Who makes policy?

•Agenda setting: Donors, multi-laterals, regional blocs, social movements, lobbyists and interest groups…

•Decision-making: State officials, legislators, congressional staff…

•Implementation: State agencies, NGOs, private firms…

•Evaluation: Internal auditors, external evaluators, civil society, the media…

•Agenda setting: Donors, multi-laterals, regional blocs, social movements, lobbyists and interest groups…

•Decision-making: State officials, legislators, congressional staff…

•Implementation: State agencies, NGOs, private firms…

•Evaluation: Internal auditors, external evaluators, civil society, the media…

Questions a policy mapping can answerQuestions a policy

mapping can answer•What is the problem that requires a policy

response?

•Who are the stakeholders in this problem and what’s at stake for them?

•What are the various sites or venues where this policy debate is occurring?

•How does the research need to be framed to be relevant the current debate?

•How are you connected to this?

•What is the problem that requires a policy response?

•Who are the stakeholders in this problem and what’s at stake for them?

•What are the various sites or venues where this policy debate is occurring?

•How does the research need to be framed to be relevant the current debate?

•How are you connected to this?

Begin with your researchers• What are the attitudes or misconceptions your research has the

potential to change or dispel?• Which specific policies does your research have the potential to

influence?• What are the policy axes: the issues that divide opinions in the

policy debate? What ideological direction is the policy currently trending toward?

• Who supports the policy trend strongly, moderately? Who opposes it? Which supporters and which opponents are allied?

• What are the different points through which policies on this topic pass to become approved and implemented? Ministries, associations and unions, congressional committees, state government offices, international donors, implementing agencies, etc.?

• Have you interacted formally or informally with any of these actors? How? How strong is your relationship with them?

• Which other actors informally influence those policy paths? NGOs, activist groups, CBOs, etc?

• Have you interacted with any of these actors? How? How strong is your relationship with them?

• What major events occurring in the next eighteen months have the potential to influence the policy environment? Congressional debate, workshop, protest, etc.?

• Irrespective of this particular policy, with which actors do you have the strongest relationship? Which local, national or regional government officials? Other academic or research institutions? CBOs? Social movements? NGOs? Political parties or lawmakers?

Begin with your researchers• What are the attitudes or misconceptions your research has the

potential to change or dispel?• Which specific policies does your research have the potential to

influence?• What are the policy axes: the issues that divide opinions in the

policy debate? What ideological direction is the policy currently trending toward?

• Who supports the policy trend strongly, moderately? Who opposes it? Which supporters and which opponents are allied?

• What are the different points through which policies on this topic pass to become approved and implemented? Ministries, associations and unions, congressional committees, state government offices, international donors, implementing agencies, etc.?

• Have you interacted formally or informally with any of these actors? How? How strong is your relationship with them?

• Which other actors informally influence those policy paths? NGOs, activist groups, CBOs, etc?

• Have you interacted with any of these actors? How? How strong is your relationship with them?

• What major events occurring in the next eighteen months have the potential to influence the policy environment? Congressional debate, workshop, protest, etc.?

• Irrespective of this particular policy, with which actors do you have the strongest relationship? Which local, national or regional government officials? Other academic or research institutions? CBOs? Social movements? NGOs? Political parties or lawmakers?

Define the policyDefine the policy•Angolan Decentralisation

Policy

• Decree Law 02/07 and the PRSP

• Budgetary Units

• Social Consultation and Coordination Councils

• The topic of decentralization is not ideologically controversial, but the practice can be, especially with regard to who is selected to participate in the new forums

•Angolan Decentralisation Policy

• Decree Law 02/07 and the PRSP

• Budgetary Units

• Social Consultation and Coordination Councils

• The topic of decentralization is not ideologically controversial, but the practice can be, especially with regard to who is selected to participate in the new forums

Get other viewsGet other views

•Internet: Do some quick and dirty Internet research on the organisations and institutions your researcher describes. Along the way, you’ll discover more.

•Snowball: Ask the researchers who they think would know more about the policy environment, and interview them.

•Consultant: Hire a consultant who is involved in the policy debates to carry out the mapping for you. The mapping itself can be an opportunity for influence, and these translators are crucial.

•Internet: Do some quick and dirty Internet research on the organisations and institutions your researcher describes. Along the way, you’ll discover more.

•Snowball: Ask the researchers who they think would know more about the policy environment, and interview them.

•Consultant: Hire a consultant who is involved in the policy debates to carry out the mapping for you. The mapping itself can be an opportunity for influence, and these translators are crucial.

Stakeholder AnalysisStakeholder Analysis

InterfaithMediation

Centre

SupremeCouncil

For IslamicAffairs

ChristianAssociation

StrategicEmpowerment

& MediationAgency

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’sRegional

Govts

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’sEmirateCouncils

AcademicAssociate

PeaceWork

DFID

NationalInstitute

ForPolicy

2007Movement

FederalGovt

Congress

For each actor,

write 1-2 sentence s

summarizing their policy

interest/position.

Force-field analysisForce-field analysisOpposition Ideological

OppositionNeutral Ideological

SupportSupport

Actor A Actor D Actor Y Actor Z Actor B

High Power

Low Power

Low Interest High Interest

InterfaithMediation

Centre

SupremeCouncil

For IslamicAffairs

ChristianAssociation

StrategicEmpowerment

& MediationAgency

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’sRegional

Govts

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’s

InterfaithMediation

Com’sEmirateCouncils

AcademicAssociate

PeaceWork DFID

Policy Axes/AreasPolicy Axes/Areas

Service Delivery

RightsNaripokkho

Nijera Kori

Samata

BSK

KN

Grameen

Brac

ASA

Proshika

Basic Needs

Social Mobilisation

ASK

RDRS

BuroTangail

Policy ProcessPolicy Process

ClosedInvitedCreated

SPACES

PublicConsultation

MinistryOf

Health

WorldBank

Funasa

FunasaRegionalOffices

IndigenousMissionary

Council

SSLIndigenous

Groups

MunicipalHealth

Secretariats

ImplementingOrgs

CEBRAPE

PresidentParty

Politics

NationalCongress

Spaces for participationSpaces for participation

•Created

• Invited

•Closed

•Created

• Invited

•Closed

Other techniquesOther techniques

•Policy entrepreneurship

•Power analysis

•Drivers of change

•See “Mapping Political Context” by RAPID

•Policy entrepreneurship

•Power analysis

•Drivers of change

•See “Mapping Political Context” by RAPID

CACS

President &Prime Minister

Ministry of Territorial

Administration

Ministry of Planning

Ministry of Finance

ADRANational Assembly(4th Commission)

Cabinet& Party

MeetingsDecentralization

WorkingGroup

UNDP, World Bank,

& Donors

NationalNGOs

Provincial/Municipal

Government

RegionalCSOs

BudgetaryUnits

CivilSociety

Conferences

Closed Invited Created

ACTORS

SPACES

CITIZENS

DecentralizationAnd Local

GovernmentProgram

InternationalNGOs

Kinds of knowledgeKinds of knowledge• Instrumental: Knowledge that explains

causal relationships, structures and functional relationships through the analysis of data.

• Interactive: Knowledge that derives from how people interact with one another, including emotions, sharing daily experiences and exchanging actions.

•Critical: Knowledge that emerges from a combination of reflection and action that makes normative deliberations possible.

•www.drc-citizenship.org/docs/publications/drc_general/ Creatingspacesforengagement.pdf

• Instrumental: Knowledge that explains causal relationships, structures and functional relationships through the analysis of data.

• Interactive: Knowledge that derives from how people interact with one another, including emotions, sharing daily experiences and exchanging actions.

•Critical: Knowledge that emerges from a combination of reflection and action that makes normative deliberations possible.

•www.drc-citizenship.org/docs/publications/drc_general/ Creatingspacesforengagement.pdf

CACS

President &Prime Minister

Ministry of Territorial

Administration

Ministry of Planning

Ministry of Finance

ADRANational Assembly(4th Commission)

Cabinet& Party

MeetingsDecentralization

WorkingGroup

UNDP, World Bank,

& Donors

NationalNGOs

Provincial/Municipal

Government

RegionalCSOs

BudgetaryUnits

CivilSociety

Conferences

Closed Invited Created

ACTORS

SPACES

CITIZENS

DecentralizationAnd Local

GovernmentProgram

InternationalNGOs

CACS

President &Prime Minister

Ministry of Territorial

Administration

Ministry of Planning

Ministry of Finance

ADRANational Assembly(4th Commission)

Cabinet& Party

MeetingsDecentralization

WorkingGroup

UNDP, World Bank,

& Donors

NationalNGOs

Provincial/Municipal

Government

RegionalCSOs

BudgetaryUnits

CivilSociety

Conferences

Closed Invited Created

ACTORS

SPACES

CITIZENS

DecentralizationAnd Local

GovernmentProgram

InternationalNGOs

CACS

President &Prime Minister

Ministry of Territorial

Administration

Ministry of Planning

Ministry of Finance

ADRANational Assembly(4th Commission)

Cabinet& Party

MeetingsDecentralization

WorkingGroup

UNDP, World Bank,

& Donors

NationalNGOs

Provincial/Municipal

Government

RegionalCSOs

BudgetaryUnits

CivilSociety

Conferences

Closed Invited Created

ACTORS

SPACES

CITIZENS

DecentralizationAnd Local

GovernmentProgram

InternationalNGOs

Angola - Recommendations

Angola - Recommendations

• ADRA may want to use its contacts with the Decentralisation Working Group, especially the Ministry of Territorial Administration and UNDP, to help develop its policy messages from the research to create a policy brief for top policy makers.

• ADRA could facilitate discussions by screening PVs at a series of meetings bringing together local actors, perhaps starting in Benguela, where it has allies in the government.

• ADRA may want to partner with local media outlets or international media NGOs (e.g. BBC World Trust) to get out messages via broadcast?

• ADRA may want to use its contacts with the Decentralisation Working Group, especially the Ministry of Territorial Administration and UNDP, to help develop its policy messages from the research to create a policy brief for top policy makers.

• ADRA could facilitate discussions by screening PVs at a series of meetings bringing together local actors, perhaps starting in Benguela, where it has allies in the government.

• ADRA may want to partner with local media outlets or international media NGOs (e.g. BBC World Trust) to get out messages via broadcast?

FramingFraming

•Communication of research should be an iterative, interactive and multi-directional process that involves a wide range of stakeholders from planning, through to design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. - DFID Research Communication Strategy

•Communication of research should be an iterative, interactive and multi-directional process that involves a wide range of stakeholders from planning, through to design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. - DFID Research Communication Strategy

Key QuestionsKey Questions• What common traits define each audience?

• What policy, practice or discourse are you seeking to influence by communicating to this audience?

• What attitudes or beliefs might impede influence?

• What kind of knowledge can most effectively influence this audience?

• Which Citizenship DRC research projects contain messages for this audience?

• Which are the best mediums for reaching this audience?

• What new capacities or networks will you need to communicate in these mediums?

• How will this communication strategy promote the dissemination of Citizenship DRC ideas to new audiences and expand existing partner networks?

• What messages (or kinds of messages) come out of the research for this audience?

• How will this work help deepen or sharpen your concepts?

• What common traits define each audience?

• What policy, practice or discourse are you seeking to influence by communicating to this audience?

• What attitudes or beliefs might impede influence?

• What kind of knowledge can most effectively influence this audience?

• Which Citizenship DRC research projects contain messages for this audience?

• Which are the best mediums for reaching this audience?

• What new capacities or networks will you need to communicate in these mediums?

• How will this communication strategy promote the dissemination of Citizenship DRC ideas to new audiences and expand existing partner networks?

• What messages (or kinds of messages) come out of the research for this audience?

• How will this work help deepen or sharpen your concepts?

Questions for small groups

Questions for small groups

•What is your objective in engaging with policy?

•What kind of policy actors would be most likely to use your resources?

•How might you use one of the mapping tools in your own work? If none are useful, why not?

•What kinds of tensions or challenges will arise as you move in this direction?

•What is your objective in engaging with policy?

•What kind of policy actors would be most likely to use your resources?

•How might you use one of the mapping tools in your own work? If none are useful, why not?

•What kinds of tensions or challenges will arise as you move in this direction?