•REVIEW GAME

•This refers to the Japanese Military

Police that inflicted severe punishment

to the Filipinos.

kEMPETAI

•The money that was introduced by the Japanese government but apparently it has no value.Mickey Mouse

Money

•They were the Filipinos who choose to live in the mountains and launched surprise attacks against the Japanese.

Guerillas

•A historical event that brutally forced the Filipino and American soldiers to walk from Mariveles, Bataan to Capas, Tarlac.Bataan

Death March

• The Japanese policy of attraction for Asian countries in promoting independence from western influences that Filipinos turned down for they thought that it was a trap to be under foreign rule again.

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

•It was the language introduced by the Japanese to the

Filipinos.Niponggo

•The American naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by the Japanese forces on December 8, 1941.

PEARL HARBOR

General

Masaharu

Homma

General Douglas

MacArthur

“I came through

and I shall

return.”

• The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines.

• First Republic (Malolos Republic) (First Dictatorship) (1899-1901)• Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899-April 1, 1901)

• Commonwealth (American Era) (1935-1944) • Manuel L. Quezon (November 15, 1935 – August

1, 1944)

• Second Republic (Japanese Occupation) (1943-1945) • Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 – August 14,

1945)(de facto)

• Commonwealth (Restored) (1944-1946) • Sergio Osmeña (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946)

Third Republic (Post-American Era) (1946-1972)

With independence from the US came the establishment of the Third Republic of the Philippines.

• The government of the independent Republic was riddled with graft and corruption and lost the confidence of the people.

• The corruption within the government also resulted in the rise of the Left in the form of the HUKBALAHAP or the Huks.

Manuel Acuna Roxas Fifth PresidentFirst President of the Independent Third Republic of the Philippines1946 - 1948

He was inaugurated on July 4, 1946, the day the U.S. government granted political independence to its colony.

(May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948)

Achievements

• Greatest achievement is the ratification of the Bell Trade Act Rehabilitation and reconstruction of war-ravaged Philippines

• Improvement of the ruined economy• Adopted the pro-American policy.

Problems

•Graft and corruption in the government, as evidenced by the “Surplus of War Property Scandal”, “Chinese Immigration Quota Scandal”, “School Supplies Scandal:

•Failure to check the Communist HUK movement.

President Roxas encouraged the Filipinos to help themselves and

put into practice the Bayanihan spirit in

improving the communities.

Bayanihan- A spirit of communal unity and

cooperation

Significant Event•Two Asian heads of state visited Philippines–President Chiang Kai-shek of Nationalist China (Formosa) in July 1949 and President Achmed Sukarno of Indonesia in January 1951. •Korean War and over 7,450 Filipino soldiers were sent to Korea under the designation of the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK

(November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956)

Elpidio Rivera Quirino Sixth PresidentSecond President of the Third Republic1948 - 1953

Problems

•Lack of Funds•HUK Problem: Terrorism and Disruption of Peace and order.•Graft and corruption in his government•Wasteful spending of the people's money in extravagant junkets abroad; .

Activities:

•the restoration of the faith and confidence of the people in the government.

•He instituted diplomatic ties with other countries and gave emphasis on the use of Pilipinas as the name of the country in foreign correspondence.

He was sworn into office wearing the Barong Tagalog, a first by a Philippine president.

(August 31, 1907 - March 17, 1957)

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Seventh PresidentThird President of the Third Republic1953 - 1957

He is known as the president of the masses.

During his term, he made Malacañáng Palace literally a "house of the people", opening its gates to the public.

He was killed in a plane crash before the end of his term.

Achievements

•Savior of democracy in the Philippines•Man of the Masses•Stopped the HUK communist rebellion•Improved the conditions of the barrios•Constructed roads, bridges, irrigation canals•Established the SEATO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Problems•Impending projects•Lack of enough funds•Graft and corruption

He imposed high moral

standard for public officials

Carlos Polistico Garcia Eight President FourthPresident of the Third Republic

1957 - 1961

He is known for his "Filipino First" policy, which put the interests of the Filipino people above those of foreigners and of the ruling party.

(November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971)

Significant events:• President Garcia is most remembered most for

his Austerity Program and Filipino First Policy.

• His Austerity Program was aimed at curbing graft and corruption within the government.

• He was among the founders of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations.(1963)

Problems•Graft and corruption•Lack of treasury funds•Huge national debt•Impending projects

The Filipino First Policy put the rights of Filipinos above those of

foreigners (This favored the Filipino businessmen in contrast to foreign investors. This meant, foreigners could invest capital

up to 40% in a business or industry while the remaining

60% would be owned by Filipino citizens.)

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Ninth PresidentFifth President of the Third Republic1961 - 1965

(September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997)

Diosdado Macapagal is of royal blood due to descent from their great-great-grandfather: Don Juan Macapagal (A prince of Tondo) who was a great-grandson of the last reigning Rajah of Selurong, Rajah Lakandula.

PresidencyMacapagal also passed the Land Reform Bill which freed many farmers from slavery as tenant farmers.

•Another of his achievements was the forming of Maphilindo (Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia) through a foreign policy.

•It was Macapagal who changed the Independence Day to June 12 from July 4.The first celebrations commemorating independence from Spain were held in 1962.

Problems•Acute problem in unemployment•Widespread mass poverty•Graft and corruption problem•Lack of treasury fundsa number his reforms were blocked by the Nacionalista dominated Senate and House of Representatives.  

Ferdinand EmmanuelEdralin MarcosTenth President Sixth President of the Third Republic 1965-1986

•(September 11, 1917 – September 28,1989)

“This nation can be great again.

in 1949, he said:

“Elect me your congressman now and I’ll give you an Ilokano President in 20 years.”

It is generally known that Marcos had the most infrastructure and constitutional accomplishments, which were equivalent to those of all former presidents of the Philippines.

Plans for economic development and good government/ Achievements

•immediate construction of roads, bridges and public works•hired technocrats and highly educated persons to form part of the cabinet and

•Vietnam War; over 10,450 Filipino soldiers were sent to South Vietnam under the designation of PHLCAAG or Philippines Civil Affairs Assistance Group.

•Re-elected because of his impressive performance

Downfall• rampant corruption • political mismanagement by his relatives and cronies • having looted billions of dollars from the Filipino

treasury • notorious nepotist, appointing family members and

close friends to high positions in his cabine . • Declaration of Martial Law• Popular sentiment in Metro Manila sided with Aquino,

leading to a massive, multisectoral congregation of protesters, and the gradual defection of the military to Aquino led by Marcos' cronies, Enrile and Ramos.

• The "People Power movement" drove Marcos into exile, and installed Corazon Aquino as the new president.

Presidents of the Third Republic

Each President of the country had their own government

policies and programs to solve the problems of the country.