pressure vessels一 part 4: fabrication inspection and

ICS 23.020.30

J74

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国国家标准GB 150.4-2011

Partially Replace GB 150-1998

Pressure Vessels一

Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and

Acceptance

压力容器第 4 部分:制造、检验和验收

Issue on: November 21, 2011 Implemented on: March 1, 2012

Issued by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China

Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China

Contents

Scope............... …………………………..... .....……………….......…...,.................... ..... ......…................ . 1

2 Normative References …………………………………………………………………………………….. .. .....….......... 1

3 Tenns.. ..... .. ..... ... ..... .. ...... ... ...... ..... .... ................... .... ..... ... .. ..... ............. .................. ..... ................. ......2

4 General Provisions .. ................……… ……………………....... ..………... .....……………… ...........................3

5 Material Retesting, Segmentation and Symbol Transplantation …… .. ........... ........... .........................4

6 Cold Forming, Hot Forming and Assembly .........….......... .. .... ........ .……·……. ...... ... .....….................. 5

7 Welding .. .... ... ......... .. .... ............ .......................... .......... ........................ .. .... .. ...................................13

8 Heat Treatment .........……………… …………-………………………………·…… .. .............................16

9 Test Piece and Test Specimen ...........………….. .... ..... .......... .. .......…. .......………….. ...........................20

10 Non-destructive Inspection.….. .......… .... ... .............. ....... ........ .. .. ...... .............. ............... .................23

11 Pressure Test and Leakage Test ........…………………………………… ...…… .. ........... ............. ........27

12 Layered Vessel.…………............ ...…..…………………………………………… .............................29

13 Exfactory Requirements for Vessels.. ...............…... ................. .... .... .....… ..... .. ... .. .... .. ....................34

Foreword

All technical contents of this part of this standard are mandatory.

This standard GB 150 "Pressure Vessels" consists ofthe following four parts:

一一-Part 1: General Requirements;

一一-Part 2: Materials;

一一-Pmt 3: Design;

一一一Pati 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance.

This pmt is the pmt 4 of GB 150: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance. This part

is drafted according to the ru1es provided by GB/T 1.1 - 2009 "Directives for Standardization".

This part replaces parts of the Chapter 10 and Appendix C of GB 150 the part 1998 "Stee1 Pressure

Vessels". Compared with GB 150 the part 1998, the technical contents of this part have the main

following changes except for editorial changes:

a) Norl11ative references and terl11S were added.

b) Chapter 4 and Chapter 5:

一一-The specifications of welded joint classification of vessels are shifted to GB 150.1 and add

Category E joints;

一一-The specifications of risk aversion and control during the l11anufacture process of vessels

and the specifications of utilizing new technology, new process and new l11ethods and informatization

l11anage l11ent are added;

一一一The specifications of design modification, material substitution and retest of l11aterials during the process of manufacture of vessels are added.

c) Chapter 6:

一一-The specifications about the actual thickness of pressure cO l11ponents when they CO l11e into a

for l11 are l110dified;

一一-The requirel11ents about forming l11ethods, head shape deviation inspection and no longitudinal

corrugations on the straight flange ofthe head are modified;

一一-The requirements of cylinder s仕aightness， inspection methods and allowable tolerance, layout

of shell welded joints are l110dified.

d) Chapter 7:

一一一The scope of qualification of welding procedure and the retention period of technical archives

are l11odified. The specifications of sal11pling, test l11ethods, qualified indexes and retention period of

sample are correspondingly added;

一一-The specifications about twice heat treatl11ent after welding repair are modified.

e) Chapter 8 (GB 150 the part 1998, 10.4):

-" "

一一-The specifications of heat trea阳lent to recover the properties of the formed pressure components

and improve the mechanical properties of materials and other heat treatments are added;

一-The requirements of heat treatment furnace, heat treatment technology and recording are

added;

一一-The scope of post-weld heat treatment that the vessel and its and its pressure components

need to receive and the operation requirement of post-weld heat treatment are modified.

。 Chapter 9:

一一-The scope of demanded welding specimen of products, heat treatment test specimen of base

materials and other test specimen and samples is adjusted. Requirements of sampling, inspection and

qualification are added correspondingly;

一一一The specifications of combining prepar况ion welding specimen of products and heatσeatment

test specimen of base materials are added.

g) Chapter 10:

一一-The specifications of the selection of non-destructive inspection methods and the implementation

occasions of non-destructive inspection are added;

一一-The scope of all (1 00%) ray or ultrasonic detection, local ray or ultrasonic detection and

surface inspection is adjusted. The requirements of the technical class of ray and ultrasonic detection

are added;

一一一TOFD is added and qualification grade is specified;

一一一The detection requirements of combination are added;

一一-The retention requirements of non-destructive inspection archives are added.

h) Chapter 11 :

一一-Withstand pressure test methods for the combination of gas and liquid are added;

一一-Specifications of withstand pressure test are modified;

一-Tt is defined that gas甸tightness test method be one of the leakage test methods. Ammonia

leakage test method, halogen leakage test method and helium leakage test method are added.

i) Chapter 12:

一一-The requirements of the manufacture, inspection and acceptance of multi-layer integrally

wrapping flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels are added.

j) Chapter l3:

一一-The contents that the delivery quality celiifications of vessels contain are modified and the

documents shall be provided are added;

一一-The contents that the product nameplate contains are modified and add the items such as

equipment code etc..

This pati is proposed and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Boilers and

Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 262).

-~ ‘带

Dra仕ing organizations of this part: Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, China Special

Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Sinopec Engineering Incorporation, Lanzhou Petroleum

And Chemical Machinery Works, Dalian Binshan Group Jinzhou Heavy Machinery Co. , Ltd. and

China Petrochemical Group Na时ing Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Chemical Machinery Plant.

Chief draf王ing staff: Cui Jun, Chen Xuedong, Shou Binan, Yang Guoyi, Chen Yongdong, Li Shiyu,

Xie Tiejun，认1ang Bing, Xu Feng, Chen Jianyu, Liu Jing, Han Bing, Yao Zuoquan.

The previous editions ofthe standard replaced by this pm1 are listed below:

一一一←GB 150-1989, GB 150-1998.

Pressure Vessels一-Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and

Acceptance

1 Scope

1.1 This pati specifies the requirements for the fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of

steel pressure vessels within the applicable scope of GB 150. The requirements for the n也abr‘'lca川tion叽1飞,

111S啕s斗叩pecω叫tion and t比es剑ting， and acceptance of pressure vessels made of other materials shall be in accordance

with th巳 relative standards.

1.2 This part is applicable to the structures of pressure vessels as follows: single-layer welded jíressure

vessels, forged-welded pressure vessels, and layered pressure vessels (including concentric wrapped，气

integrated wrapped , f1at steel ribbon wound, and shrink fit pressure vessels).

1.3 For low temperature pressure vessels made of austenitic stee\s (at design temperature lower than

1960

C), the requirements for the fabrication , inspection and testing, and acceptance specified

according to the negotiation of the parties participating in the fabrication shall be specified in design

documents by the design organization.

2 Normative References

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute

provisions of this standard. For dated references, only the dated versions apply to this standard. For

undated references, the latest edition of the normative document (include all the amendments) is

applicable to this standard.

GB 150.1-2011 "PressureVessels一-Part 1: General Requirements"

GB 150.2 - 2011 "Pressure Vessels-Part 2: Materials"

GB 150 .3 -2001 "Pressure vessels-Pati 3: Design"

GB/T 196 "General Purpose 孔1etric Screw Threads-Basic Dimensions"

GB/T 197 "General Purpose Metric Screw Threads-Tolerances"

GB/T 228 "Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature"

GB/T 229 "Metallic Materials一〈丁harpy Pendulum Impact Test Method"

GB/T 232 "Metallic Materials-Bend Test"

GB/T 1804 "General Tolerances-Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions Without Individual

Tolerance Indications"

GB/T 25198 "Heads for Pressure Vessels"

GB/T 21433 "Detecting Susceptibilityto Intergranular Corrosion in Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels"

JB/T 4700 "Type and Specification for Pressure Vessel Flanges"

JB/T 4701 "A-type Socket-weld Flange"

JB/T 4702 "B-type Socket-weld Plange"

JB/T 4703 "认Telding Neck Flange"

JB/T 4704 "Nonmetallic Gaskets"

JB/T 4705 "Spiral Wound Gaskets"

JB/T 4706 "Double四jacketed Gaskets"

JB/T 4707 "Stud Bolts"

NB/T 47014 (JB/T 4708) "Welding Procedure Qualification for Pressure Equipment"

NB/T 47015 (JB/T 4709) "Welding Specification for Pressure Vessels"

JB/T 4711 "Coating and Packing for Pressure Vessels Transport"

JB/T 4730 .1 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Part 1: General Requirements"

JB/T 4730.2 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Part 2: Radiographic Testing"

JB/T 4730.3 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments- Part 2: Ultrasonic Testing"

JBIT 4730 .4 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Part 2: Magnetic Particle Testing"

JB/T 4730.5 "Nondestructive Testing ofPressure Equipments-Pmi 5: Penetrant Testing"

JB/T 4730.6 "Nondestructíve Testing ofPressure Equipments一-Part 6: Eddy Current Testing"

JB/T 4736 "Reinforcing Pad"

NB/T 47016 (JB/T 4744) "Machanical Propeliy Tests of Product Welded Test Coupons for

Pressure Equipments"

NB/T 47018 .1 (JB/T 4747.1) "Technical Penuission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment

-Section 1: General Rule"

NB/T 47018 .2 (JB/T 4747.2) "Technical Pennission of矶Telding Materials for Pressure Equipment

-Section 2: Steel Electrode"

NB/T 47018 .3 (JB/T 4747.3) "Technical Permission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment

-Section 3: Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding"

NB/T 47018 .4 (JB/T 4747 .4) "Technical Pennission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment

一-Section 4: Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding"

NB/T 47018.5 (JB/T 4747.5) "Technical Pennission ofWelding Materials for Pressure Equipment

一-Section 5: Stainless Steel Strip Electrodes and Fluxes for Overlay Welding"

TSG R0004 "Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel"

3 Terms

The terms and definitions specified in GB 150.1 and the follows apply to this part.

3.1 Forged-welded Pressure Vessel

Pressure vessels formed by the connections of circumferential welded joints, for which the cylindrical 2

segments or heads (or cylindrical body ends) are made by machined cylindrical or other shapes forged

paris.

3.2 Layered Pressure Vessel

Pressure vessels whose cylinders are constructed by more than two layers (including two layers)

of plates or strips and the layers are combined by non-welding method. Clad vessels are excluded.

3.3 Wrapped Pressure Vessel

Layered pressure vessel formed by layer plates wrapped layer by layer on the inner cylinder.

Wrapped pressure vessel includes the following two structural forms:

a) Concentr刊 wrapped pressure vesse l. It means that the pressure vessels are fonned after

installing and welding the mu1ti-layer cylindrical segments where a single segment of inner cylíÍ1der is

wrapped by multi-layers of sheets; ''

b) Integrated wrapped pressure vessel. Pressure vessel for which its entire inner cylinders are

wrapped by multi-layers of sheets a仕er installing and welding inner cylinders and heads (and/or

cylindrical body ends).

3.4 Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Pressure Vessel

P凹re臼ssure vessels foαrn咀mη1ed by staggered winding steel strips layeαr by layer along a certain angle t出ha低t foαr呻.'m

and welding t由he im口mer cy川linde创rs and heads (归andψ/or cylindrical body ends)

3.5 Shrink Fit Pressure Vessel

Pressure vessel for which its cylindrical body are multi-layer cylindrical segments that mutually

cooperated with shrink fit and shrunk on layer by layer of severallayers as heating up, then by way of

welding the circumferential welded joints to form a pressure vessel.

3.6 Thickness of Steel Material

The filling thicknesses of the steel sheets and steel pipes, namely, the thiclmess marked on the

material quality celiificate and presented by ðs.

3.7 Cold Forming

The plastic deformation process conducted under the natural ambient temperature.

Tn General, the plastic deformation process conducted under the natural temperature is called

cold forming. The plastic deformation process between cold forming and hot forming is called wann

forming.

3.8 Hot Forming

The plastic deformation process conducted at the forming completion temperature which is not

less than the annealing or solid solution heat treatment temperature ofthis workpiece mater臼l.

4 General Provisions

4.1 Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance Basis ofPressure Vessels

3

4.1.1 The fabrica川tion叽1飞， inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels shall comply with

the prov1s10ns in this standard and the requirements in the design drawings. Without additional

specifications, the fabrication , inspection and testing, and acceptance of pressure vessels shall meet

the following requirements within the application scope ofthe following standards:

a) The head shall be in accordance with GB/T 25198;

b) The reinforcement panel shall be in accordance with JB/T 4736;

c) The vessel f1ange and its and its connection pieces shall be in accordance with JB/T 4700~

4707:

d) Welding materials shall be in accordance with JB/T 4709.

4.1.2 The selection of pipe f1ange shall meet the relevant requirements ofTSG R0004.

4.2 Risk Preventing and Controlling During the Fabricating Process ofPressure Vessels

For the pressure vessels with risk assessment issued by the design organization, the fabrication

organization shall completed the following work according to the main failure modes, pressure vessel

fabrication and inspection requirements and suggestions stated in this risk assessment report:

a) Determine the fabrication and inspection process reasonably;

的 The failure modes and protective measures stated in this risk assessment report shall be

ref1ected in the product quality certificates.

4.3 Design Amendments and Material Substitution

Before the f油rication organization carries out any modification to the original design and substitution

of the pressure component materials, the fabrication organization shall obtain a written approval from

the or电inal design organization and make a detailed record on the project completion drawings.

4.4 Application of New Technologies and New Processes

For the new technologies, new processes and new methods, which are not listed in this Standard,

applied in the fabrication and inspection of pressure vessels, technical assessment shall be conducted

according to the specifications ofTSG R0004. For example:

a) When using the non-destructive testing method which is not listed in JB/T 4730 or beyond

the applicable scope of JB/T 4730 to carry out non-destructive testing to pressure vessels which are

still in preparation;

b) When using other methods to eliminate the residual stress in the pressure vessels and its and

1tS pressure components.

4.5 Information Management

The fabrication organizations of pressure vessels shalI timely input the relevant data of the pressure

vessels into the information management system for special equipment as required.

5 Material Retesting, Segmentation and Symbol Transplantation

5.1 Material Retesting

5.1.1 Tηhem丑1a创te创rials shall be r阳et旬es挝ted on fì岛ollowing oc∞caslOns匹s缸: 4

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"

a) The purchased Grade IV forged parts for the use of Category III pressure vessels;

b) The main pressure components materials for which the authenticity of their quality certificates

cannot be determined , or for which the properties and chemical compositions are doubtful;

c) The impOlied materials used for preparing the main pressure components;

d) Austenitic stainless steel flat sheets used for preparing the main pressure components;

e) The materials requested in the design drawings for retesting.

5.1.2 Austenitic stainless steel flat sheets shall be retested for mechanical propeliies according to the

lot number (for the utilization of the whole roll, a set of retesting samples shall be intercepted 仕om the

head, the middle pati and the trail of the coiled sheet corresponding to the open plate after opening

operation is finished; for the utilization of non-whole roll, a set of retesting samples shall be intercepted

at the end of the open plate); for the retest required on Occasion 时， b), c), e) in 5. 1.1, the c且emical

compositions shall be retested according to the furnace number and mechanical properties shall be 飞

retested according to the lot number.

5.1.3 The material retesting resu1ts shall be consistent with the provisions of relevant material

standards or the requirements in the design drawings.

5.1.4 Low-temperature welding rods shall be retested for the percentage of moisture for covering or

retested for the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metals in batches, the test methods shall be in

accordance with the corresponding welding rod standards or design documents.

5.2 Material Segmentation

Material segmentation for spare palis of pressure vessels may adopt cold segmentation or hot

segmentation methods. When using hot segmentation method to separate materials, any fused slag and

surface layer that may affect the manufacturing quality shall be cleared.

5.3 Material Symbol Transplantation

5.3.1 Materials used to fabricate pressure components shall carry traceable symbols. During fabricating

process, if such an original symbol is going to be removed from the material or the material is planned

to be cut into pieces, then the fabrication organization should speci命 an expression method of the

symbol, and complete the symbol transplantation before conducting the material segmentation.

5.3.2 For pressure vessels made of stainless steel sheets and c1ad steeI plates which are corrosion

resistant, no embossed marking shall be used on the corrosion-resistant surfaces.

5.3.3 Pressure components of low temperature pressure vessels shall not be marked by embossing

methods

6 Cold Forming, Hot Forming and Assembly

6.1 Forming

6.1.1 The fabrication organization shall, according to the fabricating processes, deterrnine the machining

allowances to ensure that the actual thickness of the formed pressure components are not less than the

minimum forming thickness that is stated in the design drawings.

6.1.2 The pressure components made of normalized, normalized plus tempered or quenched plus

5

tempered steels should adopt cold forming or warm forming. When adopting warm forming, it shall

be kept clear 丘om the temper brittleness temperature area of the steels.

6.2 Surface Grinding

6.2.1 During fabricating process, any mechanical damage to the material surface shall be avoided

For defects such as acute wounds and local wounds, grooves su旺eæd by the cOITosion-resistant

surfaces of stainless steel pressure vessels shall be ground out, the minimum gradient of the grinding

shall be 1 :3 , the grinding depth shall not exceed 5% of the steel thickness ðs of that location and not

larger than 2mm, otherwise a welding repair shall be conducted.

6.2.2 As for formed parts, deposit welded parts of clad steel plates and metal lining layers, the

grinding depth shall 110t be larger than the 30% of the thickness of the cladding layer (or clad layer, lining) and not larger than 1mm, otherwise a welding repair shall be conducted.

6.3 Vessel Groove

Vessel grooves shall meet the following requirements:

a) Groove surface shall be free from any defect such as crack, delamination and inclusion;

的 Groove surfaces of low-alloy steel materials with a standard tensile strength Rm2:540MPa, and the groove surfaces of Cr-Mo low-alloy steel materials after hot segmentation, shall conduct magnetic

particle test in accordance with JB/T 4730 .4. Grade 1 shall be deemed qualified;

c) Before conducting welding, any oxide scale, greasy dirt, slag and other harmful impurities

which are within the range of20mm (the distance from the edge ofthe groove) 企om both sides of the

base metal surface and the groove shall be cleared away.

6.4 Head

6.4.1 The distance between various disjoint welding weld centerlines ofthe heads shall be at least 3

times of the head steel thickness ðs, and not be less than lOOrnm. When a dished head is made by the

assembly of the fOlTIled segments and a top circular plate, the welding directions between the segments

should be radial and circumferential, as shown in Figure 1.

For any head which is assembled first and formed later, the intemal surf注ce of the welds and the

external surface of the welds which can affect the forming quality, shall be polished to be the same

level as the base metal.

主3ð， and ~ 1 OOmm

Figure 1 Weld Arrangement of a Convex Head Formed by Segmentation

6

-.. ‘同

6.4.2 Use a full size gap inner sample plate to inspect the shape deviations (see Figure 2) of the

internal surfaces of elliptical heads, dished heads and spherical heads. The indentation dimension shall

be 3%Di~5%Dj. The maximum convex dished deviation from the shape shall not exceed l.25% ofthe

head internal diameter Di. The cove shall not be larger than O.625%Dj. The sample plate shall be

perpendicular to the testing surface during inspection. For heads shown in Figure 1 as forming first

assembled alter, allow the sample plate to avoid the weld for measurement.

Sample plate gap

Measuring baseline ofthe outline ofthe sample plate ofthe gap Head

Figure 2 Shape Deviation Inspection on Convex Head

6.4.3 For dished heads and toriconical heads, the knuckle radius of the transition zone shall not be

less than the value specified in the drawing.

6.4.4 There shall be no longitudinal folds pennitted on the straight edges of the heads.

6.5 Cylinder and Shell

6.5.1 The align deviation value b (see Figure 3) for Category A, B welded joints shall be in accordance

with those specified in Table 1. The align deviation value b for forged and welded Category B welded

joints shall be less than 118 ofthe steel thickness ðs at the alignment location, and not larger than 5mm.

Figure 3 Align Deviation Value of Category A, B Welded Joints

Table 1 Align Deviation Value of Category A, B Welded Joints mm

Steel thickness 0, at a! ignment Align deviation value b 伽sifíed accordi叩o the CI部sifícation of we陆djoi川o differentiate the

10巳atlOl1 Category A we!ded joint Cat巳gory B welded joints

<12 三 1140， ::: 1140,

>12-20 三3 三 1140，

>20-40 三3 三5

>40-50 三3 三 1/80，

>50 三 1160" and 三10 三 1 /80" 副ld 三20

For the circumferentia! joints which connect the spherical head and the cylinder, and the Category A butt joints which connect the

emb巳dded nozz!es and the cylinder or the head, the a!ign deviation value shall be determined according to the requirements for Category

B welded joints

7

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电鬼

The align deviation value b (see Figure 4) for any clad steel plate shall not be larger than 50% of

the cladding thickness ofthis steeI sheet and not be larger than 2mm.

Figure 4 Align Deviation Value of Category A, B Welded Joints

6.5.2 F or the edge angle E formed by the circumferential and axial welded joints, an internaI sample

plate (or externaI sample plate) with the chord Iength equaIs to D/6 and no Iess than 300mm shaIl be

used to check (see Figure 5 and Figure 的， the E value shall not exceed (δsI1 0+2) mm and not be larger

than 5mm.

1/6D j and ~300mm 1I6Dj and 2:300mm

Figure 5 Circumferential Edge Angle at Welded Joints

Figure 6 Axial Edge Angle at Welded Joints

6.5.3 For Category B welded joints and Category A welded joints which connect the cylinders and

the sphericaI heads, when the steeI thickness of both sides are not the same, if the thickness of the

thinner plate is ðs 1三10mm， and the thickness difference between the two plates exceeds 3mm; if the

thickness of the thinner plate is ðsl> 1 Omm, and the thickness difference between the two plates is

Iarger than 30%ðsl of the thickness of the thinner plate or exceeds 5mm, then the edge of the thicker

plate shaIl be thinned from one side or both sides according to the requirements in Figure 7, or the

edge of the thinner plate shaIl be welded to be an inclined surface by adopting surfacing method

according to the same requirements.

When the thickness difference between the two plates is Iess than the above mentioned values,

8

" "

then the align deviation value b shall be in accordance with the requirements in 6.5 .1, and the align

deviation value b shall be determined by using the thickness of the thinner plate as the benchmark.

认Then measuring the align deviation value b, the thickness difference between the two plates shall not

be included.

L"L2主3(15，， -15，2

N n

也。

Figure 7 Connection Types of the Category B Welded Joints with Different Thicknesses and Category A Welded

Joints Connecting Cylinder and Spherical Head

6.5.4 Unless otherwise specified in the drawings, the allowable tolerance ofthe cylinder straightness

shall not be larger than 1 %0 of the cylinder length L. When the shelllength of a vertical pressure vessel

exceeds 30m, the al10wable tolerance of the cylinder straightness shall not be larger than (0.5LIl 000)+ 15.

Note: The insp巳ction ofth巳 cylinder straightness is conducted by way of inspecting th巳 horizontal and the vertical plane of the center

line, the measurement is conducted along the 00 , 90 0 , 1800 ,2700 four circumference locations. The distance from the measuring

positions to the center line ofthe Category A longitudinal welded joints ofthe cylinder shall not be less than 100mm. Ifthe shell

thickness is different, then when caIculating the straightness, the thickness di汗erence shall be deducted

6.5 .5 When conducting the assembly, the arrangement of the welded joints on the she l1 shall meet

the following requirements:

的 The outer arc length between the Category A welded joints of the adjacent cylindrical

segments shall be larger than 3 times of the steel thickness ðs, and not be less than 100mm;

的 The outer arc lengths between the Category A splicing joints on the head, Category A joints

of the embedded nozzle on the head and the Category A joints of the cylindrical segments which are

adjacent to the head shall all be larger than 3 times of the steel thickness ðs, and not be less than

100mm;

c) The length of any single cylindrical segment on the cylinder assembly shall not be less than

300mm;

d) Cross welding seam should not be adopted.

Note: Th巳 outer arc length refers to the distance between the weld center Iines ofthe welded seams 创1d the distance of the weld center

lines along the outer surface ofthe sh巳11

6.5.6 The f1ange face shall be perpendicular to the spindle center line of the connection pipe or the 9

cylinder. The components of the connection pipe and the flange and the assembly of the shell shall

ensure the flange face horizontal or vertical (the drawings specification shall be followed for the oblique

connection pipes if specially required), the deviation shall not exceed 1 % of the external diameter of

the flange (when the external diameter of the flange is less than lOOmm, it shall be calculated as

1 OOmm), and not be larger than 3mm.

Flange bolt holes shall be arranged across the middle with the shell main axis or the plumb line

(see Figure 8). Any special requirement shall be indicated on the drawings.

Figure 8 Cross-middle Arrangement of Flange Bolt Hole

6.5.7 The base rings of vertical vessels and the anchor bolt holes on the base plate shall be uniformly

arranged. The diameter tolerance of the center circle, the chord length tolerance between two adjacent

holes, and the chord length toler田lce between any two holes shall not be larger than 土3mm.

6.5.8 The weld conducted between the inner parts of a pressure vessel and the shell shall try to keep

off the Category A and Category B welded joints on the shel l.

6.5.9 Any weld on pressure vessels which is covered by a reinforcing ring, support or cushion plates,

shall be polished to be level with the base metal.

6.5.10 After the assembling and welding of a vessel is completed, the shell diameter shall be

checked , the requirements are as follows:

a) The difference between the maximum internal diameter and minimum internal diameter of a

same section of the shell shall not exceed 1 % of the internal diameter Di (1 %0 for forged-welded

pressure vessels) ofthis section, and not be larger than 25mm (see Figure 9);

Figure 9 Difference Between the Maximum Internal Diameter and Minimum Internal Diameter of the Same Section

b) When the distance between the section inspected and the center of the open hole is smaller

10

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than the diameter of the open center, then the difference between the maximum internal diameter and

minimum internal diameter of this section shall not exceed the sum of 1 % of the internal diameter Di

of this section (1 %0 for forged-welded pressure vessels) and 2% of the opening internal diameter, and

not be larger than 25mm.

6.5.11 After the assembling and welding of an external pressure vessel is completed; the roundness

ofthe shell shall be checked according to the following requirements:

a) Use an inner arched or outer arched sample plate (depending on the measurement points) to

measure. The arc radius of the sample plate is equal to the inner radius or the outer radius of the shell,

the chord length is equal to two times ofthe arc length specified in Figure 4-14 ofGB 150 .3 -201 1.

The measurement points shall keep offthe welds or other raised parts.

b) The maximum positive-negative deviation e which is measured by using the sample plate

along the shell radial shall not be larger than the maximum allowable deviation indicated in Figure 10.

When the intersection point of DoIðe and L/Do is located between any two curves in Figure 10,

then its maximum positive-negative deviation e shall be determined by the interpolation method;

When the intersection point of Do/ðe and L/Do is located above ofthe e= 1.0ðe curve or below the

e=0.2ðe curve, its maximum positive-negative deviations e shall not be larger than ðe and O.2ðe value

respectively.

c) The L and Do of the cylinder and spherical shell or conical shell shall be selected according

to the provisions of GB 150.3. As for Do ofthe conical shell shall take the external diameter Dox ofthe

conical shell where the measuring points are located, L shall take Le (DoJDox). Therein, Le shall be

calculated according to Formula (5-20) in GB 150 .3 -201 1.

1000 900 800

700

600

500

400

300

200

注川

100 90 80

70

60

50

40

30

25 0. 05 O. 10 O. 2 O. 3 O. 4 O. 5 O. 6 O. 8 1. 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LlDo

Figure 10 Maximum Allowable Deviation of Shell Roundness 11

Y鄂喃

6.6 Flange and Flat Cover

6.6.1 The vessel f1anges shall be processed according to the requirements of JB/T 4700~4703; the

pipe flange shall be processed according to the requirements of corresponding standards.

6.6.2 The flat cover and cylinder ends shall be processed according the following specifications:

a) The diameter tolerance between the center circles of stud hole or bolt hole, as well as the

chord length tolerance between two adjacent holes shall be 土0.6mm; the chord length tolerance between

any two holes shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2:

Table 2 Chord Length Tolerance Between Any Two Holes ofFlange Stud Hole or Bolt Hole

Design internal diameter Di <600 600-1200 >1200

AlIowable tolerance 土1.0 土1.5 土2.0

的 The allowable tolerance of screw center line and perpendicularity of end surface shall not be

larger than 0.25%;

c) The principal dimension and tolerance of screw thread shall respectively comply with

requirements ofGB/T 196 and GB/T 197;

d) The thread precision of a screw is a general moderate accuracy, or selected by appropriate

national standards.

6.7 Bolt, Stud and Nut

6.7.1 Bolts, studs and nuts with nominal diameter not larger than M36 shall be fabricated according

to the corresponding standards.

6.7.2 Studs for vessel flange shall meet the requirements of JB/T 4707.

6.7.3 Bolts, studs and nuts with nominal diameter not larger than M36 shall meet the following

requirements except the specifications of 6.6.2, c), d) and corresponding standards:

a) As for studs which require heat treatment, the samples and tests shall be in accordance with

the relevant provisions stated in GB 150 .2 -2011

b) Semi-finished nuts shall be conducted with hardness test after heat treatment.

c) Studs should be conducted with surface test in accordance with JB/T 4730, Grade 1 shall be

regarded as qualified.

6.8 Assembly and Other Requirernents

6.8.1 The limit deviation of the linear dimensions of machined and unmachined surfaces shall

respectively comply with the requirements of Class m and Class c as specified in GB/T 1804.

6.8.2 Pressure components for vessels shall not be aligned or leveled by strong force in the

assembly.

6.8.3 The main geometric dimension, pipe ori丑ce direction of the vessel shall be inspected and they

shall meet the requirements of the drawings.

12

"''''' "

7 Welding

7.1 Pre-welding Preparation and Welding Environment

7.1.1 The storage house for electrodes, welding flux and other welding materials shall be kept dry,

and the relative humidity hereof shall not be larger than 60%.

7.1.2 Without effective protection measures, the welding must not be conducted under one of the

following welding environrnents:

a) The air flow rate is larger than 10m/s during shielded metal arc welding;

b) The air flow rate is larger than 2m/s in gas shielded welding;

c) The relative humidity is higher than 90%;

d) Rainy or snowy days;

e) The temperature of welded parts is below -20 'C .

7.1.3 When the temperature ofthe welded part is below O'C but not below -20'C , then it shall be

preheated to about 15 'C within the range of 100mm ofthe welding location.

7.2 Welding Procedures

7.2.1 Before conducting welding to a pressure vessel, the weld of the pressure components, weld

welded with pressure components, tack weld welded into a permanent weld, the surface build-up

welding and patch welding of the base metal of the component, as well as the re-repair weld of the

above mentioned welds, all shaIl be subjected to welding procedure qualifications according to NB/T

47014 or get SUppOlt 自'om the assessed and qualified welding procedures.

7.2.2 As for any imported material (including fi Ilers) which is used for welding structural pressure

components, before it is used for the first time by the fabrication organization of the pressure vessel,

the material shall be conducted with a welding procedure quaIification according to NB/T 47014.

7.2.3 Vessels made of chromiumnickel austenite stainless steel at the design temperature below

100 'C and not below - 196 'C shall select appropriate welding procedures according to the design

temperature. The carbon content in the base material shall be less than or equal to 0.10% of the

chromiumnickel austenite stainless steel. Low temperature Charpy (V-notch) impulse test on the weld

metal shall be conducted in the corresponding qualification of welding procedure. The impact absorbing

energy (K几) at a temperature not above the design temperature shaIl not be less than 31J (if the

design temperature is below - 192 'C , its impact test temperature take -192 'C).

7.2.4 The welding procedure qualification of low temperature vessels shaIl include the low tempera阳re

Charpy (V-notch) impact test on the weld and the heat affected zone. The sampling method of the

impact test shaIl be determined according to the requirements specified in NB/T 47014.

The impact test temperature shaIl not be above the test temperature required by the drawing.

When the base metal on both sides of a weld have different impact test requirements, the impact test

temperature ofthe weld metal shall be less than or equal to the higher value ofthe base metal on both

sides, the low-temperature impact energy shall be the lower value of the tensile strength of the base

metal on both sides and shaIl be consistent with those specified in Table 1 or the drawing of GB 150.2

-201 1. The tensile and bending performances of the joints should be consistent with the lower

13

字"鸭

requirement of the base metal on both sides.

7.2.5 The weld heat input in the welding of the low temperature vessel shall be controlled strictly.

Within the range estab!ished by welding procedure qualification, the smaller weld heat input shall be

adopted, and the mu1ti-track welding should be carried out.

7.2.6 The steel stamp of the welder code shall be marked at the designated place near the welding

joints of the pressure ∞mponents， or the welder code shall be recorded in the welding records contained

in the layout diagram of welding joints. Therein, the corrosion-resistant surfaces of low temperature

vessels and stainless steel vessels shall not be marked with steel stamp.

7.2.7 The technical files of welding procedure qualification shall be kept until this procedure

qualification is invalid, the test specimens for the welding procedure qualification should be preserved

for at least 5 years.

7.3 Requirements for Shape, Dimension and Appearance ofWeld Surface .，飞

' 7.3.1 The weld reinforcement el and e2 of Category A and Category B welded joints shall be in

accordance with those specified in Table 3 and Figure 11.

Table 3 Qualified Indexes ofWeld Reinforcement for Category A and Category B Welded Joints mm

RLI\~三 Low-alloy steel material with the standard tensile strength of Other steels

540MPa, Cr-Mo low-alloy steel

Single groove Double groove Single groove Double groove

ej e2 ej e2 ej e2 ej e 2

Oo/.-lO%ð, 0号也-lO%ðj O~也-lO%ð2 O%- 15%ð, Oo/.-15%ðj 。γ俨15%ð2。-1. 5 。-1.5and ::;3 and <3 and 三3 and :'s4 and :'S4 and <4

叫t

『

‘ ‘'

‘<.<:>

a) Single groove b) Double groove

Figure 11 Weld Reinforcement ofCategory A and Category B Welded Joints

7.3.2 As for the weld leg of Category C and Category D welded joints, if not specified in the drawings,

the thickness of the thinner welding part shall be adopted. For the weld leg of the reinforcing ring, when the thickness of the reinforcing ring is not less than 8mm, then the dimension of the weld leg

shall be equal to 70% of the thickness of the reinforcing ring, and not be less than 8mm.

7.3.3 The surfaces ofthe welded joints should be conducted with appearance inspection in accordance

with relevant standards, there should be no surface cracks, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion ,

surface pores, craters, incomplete filling, slags and spa忧ers; the transition between the weld and the

14

base metal shall be smooth; the outline of fillet welds shall be conducted with smooth concave transition.

7.3.4 There shall be no undercuts on the weld surfaces ofthe following vessels:

a) Low-alloy steel vessels with a standard tensile strength which has a lower limit Rm主540MPa;

b) Vessels made of Cr-Mo low-alloy steel;

c) Vessels made of stainless steel;

d) Vessels bearing cyclic load;

e) Vessels with stress corrosion;

ηLow temperature vessels;

g) Vessels with weld joint coefficient ø as 1.0 (except vessels made of seamless steel tub臼).

The undercut depth of the weld surface of other vessels shall not exceed 0.5mm, the continuous

length of the undercut shall not exceed 100mm, and the total length of the undercut at both sides shall

not exceed 10% of the weld length.

7.4 Welding Repair

7.4.1 When the welds require repairing, the repair process shall be in accordance with the relevant

regulations specified in 7.2.

7.4.2 The weld repair times at the same area should not be more than 2. If more than 2 times are

required , then before repairing, an approval should be obtained from the technical director of the

fabrication organization, the times, location and the situation of the repair shall be recorded in the

quality certifications.

7.4.3 If the following vessels needs any welding repair a仕er they receives post-weld heat treatment,

the repair pmts shall receive heat treatment again:

a) Vessels storing extreme and high toxic medium;

b) Cr-Mo steel vessels;

c) Low tempera阳re vessels;

d) Vessels with stress corrosion indicated in the drawing.

7.4.4 The welding repair after heat treatment shall get the approval of the user. Except for the

vessels requiring post-weld heat treatment, when the vessel receives repair after heat treatment, ifthe

repair depth is smaller than 113 of the steel thickness ðs and not larger than 13mm, twice post-weld

heat treatment is not permitted. Before repairing the welding, the weld shall be preheated and the

thickness of every weld shall be controlled not larger than 3mm and temper bead shall be adopted.

When both sides of the same weld shall be repaired, the repair depth shall be the sum of the

repair depth of each side.

7.4.5 For the pressure vessels or pressure components requiring special corrosion-resistant requirements,

the corrosion resistance of the repair area shall be assured that it is not weaker than the original

corroslOn reslstance. 15

8 Heat Treatment

8.1 Heat Treatment for the Proper町 Restore ofFormed Pressure Components

8.1.1 If the cold forming steel pressure components of the steel plate shall meet any one of the

following conditions from a) to 时， and their deformation rate exceeds the range specified in Table 4,

then a heat treatment shall be used to restore the properties of the material after the parts are formed.


b) Vessels with stress corrosion indicated in the drawing:

c) Carbon steel and low-alloy steel with a thickness greater than 16mm before forming;

d) Carbon steel and low-alloy steel with thinning deduction greater than 10% after forming;

e) Carbon steel and low-alloy steel which are required to be conducted with impact test.~

Table 4 Control Index ofDeformation Rate for Cold Formed Part

Material Carbon steel, low alloy steel and OÚler material Aust巳nitic stainless steel

Defonnation rate /% 5 l53

Calculation of deformation rate:

Uni-axial tension (slIch as cylinder forming, see Figure 12): defonnation rate (%)=500[1 一(Rrl儿，)]lRr

Bia-axial tension (s lIch as head forming, see Figure 12): deformation rate (%)=7So[I - (RdR,,)]/Rr

Where ι--Plate thickness. mm:

R，.一-Radius of middle slIrface after fo口口mg， mm ;

R。一←→Radius ofmiddle surface a1王er forming (it shall b巳 ∞ for flat plate), mm.

" The control value of defo口nation rate is 10% when the design temperature is below 一 100 'C or above 67S 'C

//句↓ J Uni-axial tension

-J Bia-axial tension

Figure 12 Uni-axial Tension and Bia-axial Tension Forming

8.1.2 1n muItiple step cold forming, if intermediate heat treatment is not conducted, the deformation 16

rate of the fonned parts is the sum of the deformation rate of each multiple step fonning; if intennediate

heat treatment is conducted, and then calculate the sum of the defonnation rate of the fonned parts

before and after intermediate heat treatment respectively.

8.1.3 I町f the defo臼rm

t出he p伊ro∞cess shall be conducted with reference t怕o t仙he hea低t t钉rea创矶tmηle阳c创nt conditi钊ions and r阳eqU\r阳ement怡s of

8. 1.1 0nt出he cold foωrm

8.1.4 If the heat treatment status for material supply is damaged by hot forming or warm fonning,

the heat treatment shall be re-conducted to restore the heat treatment status for material supply.

8.1.5 When there is any special requirement for warm forming temperature and the heat treatment to

restore the heat treatment status for material supply, it shall comply with relevant standards, specifications

or design documents ..

8.2 Post-weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

Whether the vessel and its pressure components require post-weld heat treatment depends on the

material, the thickness of welded joints (namely post-weld heat treatment thickness, ðPWHT) and the

design requirements.

8.2.1 The thickness of welded joints shall be determined according to the following specifications:

a) For full penetration butt joints with uniform thickness, the thickness of welded joints is the

steel thickness;

b) For butt weld and fillet weld, the thickness ofwelded joints is the weld thickness;

c) For composite welds, the thickness of welded joints is the larger one of butt weld thickness

and fillet weld thickness;

d) When components with dissimilar thicknesses are welded:

一一-For the butt joints with non-uniform thickness, take the steel thickness of the thinner

component as the thickness of welded joints;

一一-For the Category B welded joints of the shell and pipe plate, f1at head, cover plate and

other similar components, take the shell thickness as the thickness of welded joints;

一-When the connecting pipe are welded with the shell, take the largest one among the

neck thickness of the connecting pipe, shell thickness, stiffening ring thickness and

weld thickness of the connection angle as the thickness of welded joints;

一-When the connection pipe is welded with the f1ange, take the neck thickness of the

connection pipe at the joint as the thickness of welded joints; as for the structure shown

in Figure 7-1g in GB 150 .3 -20ll , take the f1ange thickness as the thickness ofwelded

JO l11ts;

一一-As for the cOJmection structure ofthe inner head shown in Figure D.12 b) in Appendix

D of GB 150.3 -2011 , take the larger one between the cylinder thickness and the head

thickness as the thickness of welded joints;

一一-When non-pressure components and pressure components are welded together, take the

weld thickness as the thickness of welded joints. 17

8.2.2 If one of the following conditions is met, vessels or pressure components shall be conducted

with post weld heat treatment which shall include the attachment weld of the pressure components

and the non-pressure components. The heat treatment technical requirements, when they are prepared,

shall meet the following specifications and necessary measures shall be taken to prevent reheating

cracks due to post-weld heat treatment.

8.2.2.1 Thickness ofwelded joint in accordance with those specified in Table 5.

Table 5 Thickness of呐'elded Joint Requiring Post-weld Heat Treatment

Material Thickness of welded joint

Carbon steel Q345氏， 370R, 265GH, 355CH, 6Mn >32mm

>38mm (weld preheating above 100'C)

。7~缸lMoVR， 07~心lNiVDR， 07MnNiMoDR, 12MnNiVR, 08MnNi- >32mm ,

MoVD. 10Ni3MoVD >38mm (weld preheati吨 above 100'C)

16扎1nDR， 1 6沁1nD >2Smm

>20mm (Iow temperaωre vessel with a design temperature not

below -30'C) 20MnMoD

Arbitrary thickness (Iow temperature vessel with a design

t巳mperature below - 30 'C)

>20mm (Iow temperature vessel with a design temperature not

ISMnNiDR, ISMnNiNbDR, 09MnNiDR, 09MnNiD below - 4S'C)

Arbitrary thickness (Iow temperature vessel with a design

temperature below -4S 'C)

18MnMoNbR, J3MnNiMoR, 20MIÙ'v旬， 20MnMoNb, 20MnNiMo Arbitrary th ickness

ISCrMoR, 14CrlMoR, 12Cr2Mo1R, 12CrIMoVR, 12Cr2MoIVR,

ISCrMo, 14Cr1 Mo, 12Cr2Mol , 12CrlMoV, 12Cr2MolV, 12Cr3MolV, Arbitrary thickness lCr5Mo

S11306 , S11348 >IOmm

08Ni3DR, 08Ni3D Arbitrary thickness

8.2.2.2 Vessels with stress corrosion indicated in the drawing.

8.2.2.3 Vessels made of carbon steel and low alloy steel storing extreme and high toxic medium.

8.2.2.4 When otherwise specified in relevant standards or drawings.

8.2.3 As for the welded joints between di旺erent steels, whether post-weld heat treatment is required

depends on the steel that require higher heat treatment requirements.

8.2.4 If post-weld heat treatment is needed on austenitic stainless steel and austenitic-ferritic stainless

steel, it shall be in accordance with the specifications of the design documents.

8.2.5 Austenitic stainless steel and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel may not receive heat treatment

unless otherwise specified in the design document.

8.2.6 Post-weld heat treatment requirements

8.2.6.1 The manufacturing organization shall prepared heat treatment process in accordance with the

requirements of the design document and the standard before heat treatment.

18

8.2.6.2 Coalfired furnace shall not be used in the post-weld heat treatment.

8.2.6.3 The annealing device (furnace) shall be equipped with thennometric instrument that can

automatically record the temperature curve and can automatically draw the relation curve between the

time and the wall temperature of the workpiece of the heat treatment.

8.2.6.4 Integral post-weld heat treatment may adopt integral heating method in the furnace or

heating method in the vesse l. On possible occasions, integral heating method in the furnace is favored;

if integral heating is impossible, multistage heating is allowed. In multistage heating, its repetitive

heating length shall not be less than 1500mm and insulation measures shall be taken at the adjacent

parts to ensure the temperature gradient not affect the structure and properties of the material. The

heat treatment shall be conducted in accordance with the specifications of 8.2.7.

8.2.6.5 Category B, C, D, E welded joints, connection joints of spherical head and cylinder and the

rewelding parts are permitted to adopt local heat treatment. The effective heating range of loéal heat

treatment shall meet the following requirements :

a) Add δPW1πor 50mm on the both maximum wide sides of the welded joints. Take the smaller

value;

b) Add ðpWHT or 50mm on the end ofthe repair welded joints. Take the smaller value;

c) When the connecting pipe and the shell are welded together, full circle heating shall be

conducted around the cylinder inc\uding the connecting pipe. Add ðpWHT or 50mm on the weld edges

vertical to the welded joints. Take the smaller value of them.

The effective heating range of local heat treatment shall be kept not to produce injurious

deformation. When the deformation cannot be controlled effectively, the heating range shall be

enlarged, for instance, complete cycle heating is conducted to the cylinder. At the same time, the parts

c\ose to the heating zone shall take insulation measures to ensure the temperature gradient not affect

the structure and properties of the material.

8.2.6.6 When clad steel plate vessels and their pressure components receive heat treatrηent， measures

shall be taken to guarantee the vessels (especially the properties of the clad material) be in accordance

with the operation requirements.

8.2.7 Procedure of post-weld heat treatment

8.2.7.1 The procedure ofthe post weld heat treatments of carbon steel and low-alloy steel shall meet

the following requirements :

a) The furnace temper回ure when the welding palis accesses the furnace must not be higher

than 400'C;

b) When the temperature ofthe welding part has increased to 400o C, the temperature rising rate

of the heating area shall not exceed 5000/ðs "C/h, and it shall not exceed 200 'C/h, and not lower than

50 'C/h;

c) During temperature increasing, the temperature difference within any 4600mm length of the

heating area shall not be greater than 140oC;

d) During temperature maintaining, the temperature di旺erence between the highest and the

lowest should not exceed 80oC; 19

e) The gas atmosphere in heating zone shall be controlled in temperature rise and keeping, to

prevent welding parts surface from overoxidation;

ηWhen the furnace temperature is higher than 400 .C , the tempera阳re cooling speed of the

heating area shall not exceed 7000/ðpWHT .C/h, it shall not exceed 280.C/h, and shall not be lower than 55 .C/h;

g) When the welding parts are taken out of the furnace, the 且lrnace temperature shall not be

higher than 400 .C , the welding palts shall be cooled in still air after being taken out of the furnace.

8.2.7.2 The post weld heat treatments for ferritic stainless steel S 113 06, S 11348 shall be operated

accor训ng to 8.2 .7 .1. As for f) and g), when the temperature is higher than 650.C , the cooling speed

must not be greater than 55 .C/h; when the temperature is below 650.C , the cooIing speed should be

fast.

8.3 Heat Treatment to Improve Material Mechanical Properties

The heat treatment to improve the mechanical properties of the materials shall be conducted

according to the heat treatment technology requirements specified in the design document. The test

plate of heat treatment for base metal shall be conducted in the same furnace with the vessel (or

pressure components) for heat treatment.

8.4 Other Heat Treatments

Where the heat treatment status of the materials is required to be consistent with the heat

treatment stat1.1s ofthe goods s1.1pply, then the heat treatment status when s1.1pplying the goods shall not

be changed during the fabrication , otherwise a heat treatment should be cond1.1cted again.

8.5 Surface Treatment Before and After Heat Treatment

The surfaces of any pressure vessel made of stainless steel and composite steel plate which has

corrosion-resistant requirements shall be 仕ee of sewage and harmful media before the heat treatment.

After conducting heat treatment to components made of such materials according to the requirements

specified in the design drawing, pickling and passivation shall also be carried o1.1t.

9 Test Piece and Test Specimen

9.1 Test Piece ofWelding Product

9.1.1 Preparation conditions for test piece ofwelding product

9.1.1.1 Where a vessel meets one of the following conditions and has a longit1.1dinal welded joint in

Category A, the test piece ofwelding product shall be prepared according to each vessel:


b) Vessels made of low-alloy steel with a standard tensile strength which has a lower limit greater

Rm主540MPa;

c) Low temperature vessels;

d) Steel vessels conducted with heat treatment to improve or restore the material properties

during fabrication;

e) Vessels required in the design doc1.1ment to be prepared with test piece ofwelding prod1.1ct.

20

9.1.1.2 Except when it is required in the drawings for the preparation of the forensics ring, the

welded joints in Category B, the welded joints in Category A connecting spherical head and cylinder

are exempt 白'om preparing test piece of welding product

9.1.2 Requirements for the preparing test piece and test specimen ofwelding product

9.1.2.1 For the test piece of welding product, the welding process shall be conducted at the extension

part of the longitudinal weld on the cylindrical segment at the same time with the process conducted

on the cylindrical segment (except spherical vessels).

9.1.2.2 The test piece shall be made of qualified raw materials, and has the same standard, same

designation, same thickness and the same heat treatment status as the vessel materials.

9.1.2.3 The welding ofthe test piece shall be conducted by the welders ofthis pressure vessel, using

the same conditions, process and welding technologies of the welded pressure vessel (including

welding and its heat treatment condition afterwards). Where a pressure vessels has a requirement for

heat treatment, its test piece shal1 go through the heat treatment with the pressure vessel, otherwise

measures shall be taken to ensure that heat treatment for the test piece is conducted according to the

same heat treatment technologies as the pressure vesse l.

9.1.2.4 The dimension and interception of the test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions

specified in NB/T 47016. If an impact test is required, test samples for the impact test shall be

intercepted from the test piece to conduct the impact test

9.1.3 Inspection and qualification of test specimen

9.1.3.1 The inspection and qualification of test specimen shall be in accordance with the requirements

specified in NB/T 47016 and the design document

9.1.3.2 When a corrosion resistance inspection is required, the test specimen sha l1 be prepared and

the test shall be conducted according to relevant standards and design document s and meet the

requirements. Therein, the intergranular corrosion sensitivity inspection on the stainless steel shall be

in accordance with the specifications ofGB/T 21433.

9.1.3.3 For low temperature vessels, unless otherwise specified, the impact test shall cover weld

metal and heat affected zone. The inspection and qualification shall be conducted in accordance with

the test temperature and qualified indexes specified in NB/T 47016 and the design document.

9.1.3.4 The qualified index of the weld metal impact test on austenitic steel is that the impact

absorbing energy shall not be less than 3IJ.

9.1.3.5 When the test specimen qualification results cannot meet the requirements, it shall be allowed

to take samples for reinspection according to the requirements specified in NB/T 47016. Ifthe reinspection

results still cannot meet the requirements, then the product represented by this test specimen shall be

regarded as unqualified.

9.2 Base Metal Heat Treatment Specimen

9.2.1 Preparation conditions of the test piece for the heat treatment of the base metal

9.2.1.1 If one of the following conditions is met, the test piece for the base metal heat treatment

shall be prepared:

21

a) Circumstances where the use state of the heat treatment of the materials and the state of the

heat treatment of the goods supplied are required to be consistent, and the state of the heat treatment

of the goods supplied is changed during the fabrication process, the heat treatment is required to be

conducted again;

b) During the fabrication process, circumstance which requires heat treatment to improve the

mechanical properties ofthe material;

c) For cold forming or warm forming pressure components, circumstances whel、 a仕er forming,

require heat treatment to restore the material properties.

9.2.2 Preparation requirements of the test piece and test specimen for the heat treatment of the

base metal

9.2.2.1 The test piece for the heat treatment of the base metal shall be together with the base metal

in the same fumace to receive heat treatment; when the same fumace heat treatment cannot be provided,

then a heat treatment state which is the same as the base metal shall be simulated.

9.2.2.2 The dimension ofthe test piece may be determined by making reference to the requirements

specified in NB/T 47016. The test piece for the heat treatment of the base metal shall be one test

specimen for the tensile test, one test specimen for the cold-bending test and three test specimens for

the impact test.

9.2.3 Inspection and qualification of test specimen

The tensile test, cold-bending test and impact test ofthe test specimen shall be conducted according

to provisions specified in GB/T 228, GB/T 232, and GB/T 229 respectively, and shall be qualified

according to the requirements specified in GB 150.2 and the design document. If the qualification

results cannot meet the requirements, resampling and retest are permi忧ed. If the retest results still

cannot meet the requirements, then the base metal represented by this test specimen shall be regarded

be unqualified.

9.3 Forensics Ring for Category B Welded Joints

9.3.1 Whether the forensics ring for the Category B welded joints of pressure vessels is required to

be prepared shall be determined according to the provisions specified in the design document.

9.3.2 Forensics rings shall be taken 仕om qualified materials, and has the same steel grade and the

same heat treatment state as the materials of the pressure vesse l. For instance, steel forgings and its

forging level shall also be the same. Where pressure vessels with heat treatment requirement, the

forensics ring shall also be conducted the same heat treatment.

9.3.3 The type, dimension, quantity, interception, test methods and the results evaluation of the test

specimen of the forensic ring shall be in accordance with the requirements specified in the design

document.

9.4 Other Test Piece and Test Specimen

9.4.1 As for vessels or pressure components which are required to undertake corrosion resistance

test, the test pieces for the corrosion resistance test shall be prepared in accordance with the provisions

specified in the design document and carry out inspection and qualification.

9.4.2 According to the requirements in the design document, as for any stud that is required to 22

、.

电'

undertake the mechanical prope此y test after heat treatment, the test specimen for the heat treatment

shall be prepared in batch and shall be carried out with inspection and qualification. Each batch refers

to the same type of studs which are feed at the same time and with the same steel grade, the same

furnace tank number, the same section dimension and the same fabricating process.

9.5 Test Piece in Combined Preparation

Where a pressure vessel is requested to prepare product welding test piece and the base metal

heat treatment test piece at the same time, then the combined preparation of the test pieces may be

conducted when ensuring the representation of both situations.

10 Non-destructive Inspection

10.1 Selection ofNon-destructive Inspection Methods

10.1.1 The butt joints of pressure vessels sha11 be inspected by using the techniques of radiographic

testing or ultrasonic testing, the ultrasonic testing technique including time of f1ight diff1'action technique

(TOFD), 1'ecordable ultrasonic pulse reflection technique and the unrecordable ultrasonic pulse reflection

technique.

10.1.2 When the unreco1'dable ultrasonic pulse reflection technique was used for the detection, the

radiographic testing technique or the time of flight diffraction testing technique shall a1so be used as

an additionallocal inspection.

10.1.3 The surfaces of the welded joints of ferromagnetic pressure vessels shal1 be tested by using

the magnetic pmticle testing technique.

10.2 Implementation Time ofNon-destructive Inspection

10.2.1 The welded joints of p1'essu1'e vessels, afte1' passing the visual inspection on shape and dimension, appearance, sha11 be conducted with non-destructive inspection.

10.2.2 The butt heads after fo1'ming sha11 be conducted with non-destructive inspection.

10.2.3 Mate1'ials having a tendency of delayed crack (such as 12Cr2MolR) shall be conducted with

a non-destructive testing at least 24h after the completion of the welding; materials having a 1'eheat

crack tendency (such as 07MnNiVDR) sha11 be conducted with non-destructive inspection one more

time after the heat treatment.

10.2.4 Low-alloy steel pressure vessels with a standard tensile strength lower limit larger Rn2540MPa, after the pressu1'e test, shall also be conducted with the surface non-destructive inspection to the welded

J0111tS.

10.3 Radiographic Detection and Ultrasonic Detection

10.3.1 Full (100%) radiographic detection and ultrasonic detection

Where p1'essu1'e vessels 0 1' pressure components meet any one of the following conditions,

according to the methods specified in the design document, the fu11 (1 00%) radiographic testing 0 1'

u ltrasonic testing sha11 be conducted to Category A and B welded joints:

a) Category III pressure vessels with design pressure larger than 0 1' equal to 1.6MPa;

b) P1'essure vessels using gas p1'essure test or gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test;

23

c) Pressure vessels with welded joint coefficient as 1;

d) Pressure vessels that are required but unable to be conducted with an internal inspection after

use;

e) Vessels storing extreme and high toxic medium;

。 Low-temperature pressure vessels with design temperature below -40.C or thickness of

we!ded joint larger than 25mm;

g) The we!ded joint thickness of carbon steel, Q345R, Q370R and supporting forgings is larger

than 32mm;

h) The welded joint thickness of 18MnMoNbR, 13 MnNiMoR, 12MnNiVR and the supporting

forgings is larger than 20mm;

i) The welded joint thickness of 15CrMoR, 14CrlMoR, 08Ni3DR, austenitic-ferritic stainless

steel and supporting forgings is larger than 16mm;

j) Vesse!s made of ferritic stainless steel and other Cr-Mo low alloy steel,

的 Low alloy steel vesse! with the lower limit value of standard tensile strength Rm~540MPa;

1) Vessels that must be 100% inspected as stated in the drawing.

Note: For the above mentioned pressure vessels with but! joints between one connection pipe and another connection pipe with

nominal diameter DN注250mm， the insp巳ction requirements for th巳 bun joints of the connection pipe and high neck f1ange are

the same as the inspection requirements for Category A and Category B welded joints

10.3.2 Local radiographic detection or uItrasonic detection

Except fo l' pressure vessels which are not specified in 10 .3 .1 , the Category A and Category B

welded joints shall be conducted with local radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection. The test

method shall be in accordance with the design document. Herein, the test length of the low-temperature

pressure vessel shall not be less than 50% of the length of every welded joint, the test length of non

low-temperature pressure vessels shall not be less than 20% of the length of every welded joint, and

both the above test length va!ues shall not be less than 250mm.

The places in the following a)-e) and the cross place of the weld shall be conducted with 100%

detection . Herein, the test length of the places in a)，的， c) and the cross place of the weld may be

inc1uded into the local detection !ength.

a) All the splicing joints on the convex head that is assembled first and formed later;

b) All the welding joints covered by stiffening ring, support, backing plate and interna!

components;

c) For the non- separate reinforced connecting pipe in accordance with 6. 1.3 of GB 150.3-2011 , the we!ded joints within the range of the minus !ength from the opening center and a!ong the

vessel surface equal to the opening diameter;

d) The butt joints of the built-in connection tube with cylinder or head;

e) The butt joints bearing extemal load between the connection pipes with the nominal diameter

DN2:250mm and the buttjoints between the connection pipe and high neck flange. 24

Note: After conducting the inspection required by this article, the fabrication organization is still responsible for the quality of the

sections which are not inspected. However, if further testing finds a few por巳s which are overstandard defects but do not

endang巳r the safety of the pressure vessel , if such defects are not permitt时， then the full (1 00%) radiographic detection or

ultrasonic detection shall be selected

10.3.3 The test requirements for the butt joints between the connection pipes with nominal diameter

DN<250mm and for the buttjoints between connection pipe and high neck flange shall be in accordance

with those specified in the design document.

10.3.4 For the vessels with cylinders whose diameter doesn't exceed 800mm and the last circumferential

sealing welded joints of heads, single welded butt joints without backing plates shall be adopted.

When radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection is not available, the detection is permitted not to

be conducted, but gas-shielded arc welding be adopted for base coat.

10.4 Surface Inspection

If a welded joint meets any one of the following conditions, then the magnetic particle test or

penetrant test shall be conducted to the surface of the welded joint according to the method specified

in the drawings:

a) For Category A , B, C, D and E welded joints on low-temperature pressure vessels which are

stated in 10.3.1 , the surfaces of defect grinding or welding repai巳 the surfaces of the cutting marks left

at the demolition places of clamping and tie bar;

b) A Il the Category C, D and E welded joints on the pressure vessels stated in i), j), and k) of

10.3.1 ;

c) The dissimilar steel welded joints and the welded joints with a tendency of reheat cracking

or tendency of delayed cracking;

d) The butt joints and fillet joints of austenitic stainless steel and austenitic-ferritic stainless

steel pressure vessels with a steel thickness larger than 20mm;

e) Build-up welding surfaces;

。 Clad welded joints of clad steel plates;

g) The surfaces at the defect grinding or weld repairing place of vessels made of low-alloy

steels and Cr-Mo low-alloy steels with a lower Iimit of standard tensile strength larger Rm2:540MPa

and the surfaces of cutting marks left at the demolition places of clamping and tie bar;

h) The butt joints between the connection pipes with nominal diameter DN<250mm and the

butt joints between the welding neck flange and the connection pipe, on any pressure vessel requires

full radiog1'aphic detection 0 1' ultrasonic detection;

i) All the butt joint on such heads which are assembled first and formed later in the vessels

requiring local radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection;

j) Connecting pipe fillet weld required to be inspected in accordance with the requirements in

the design document.

10.5 Combination Detection

10.5.1 For all Category A and B welded joints of low-alloy steel pressure vessels with a standard 25

tensile strength lower limit Rm~540MPa， if the welded joint thickness is larger than 20mm, then a test

technique which is different from the original non-destructive inspection technique listed in 10.1 shall

be used to carry out local inspection. This inspection shall include all cross areas of welds; meanwhile,

after the pressure test on this type of pressure vessels, the non-destructive inspection shall also be

conducted on the welded joints.

10.5.2 If the welded joints after radiographic detection or ultrasonic detection have unallowable

defec邸， the repair welding shall be conducted after the defects are removed, and this part shall be

tested with original test method till passing the tests .

10.5.3 For welded joints after undergoing through local testing, if any unallowable defects are

discovered, then increase the inspection length at the extended part of both ends of the defect. The

increased length shall be 10% of this welded joint length and shal1 not be less than 250mm. If the

unallowable defect still exists, then a full (l 00%) inspection shall be conducted on this welded joint.

10.5.4 Unallowable defects which are detected by particle test and penetrant test, after any necessary

grinding and welding, shall be retested by using the original test technique until it is qualified.

10.5.5 If it is specified by the design document, combination detection shall be carried out according

to the specifications.

10.6 Technical Requirements for Non-destructive Inspection

10.6.1 Technical requirements for radiographic detection

The radiographic detection on the butt weld joints shall be conducted in accordance with JB/T

4730. See Table 6 for its qualified indexes.

10.6.2 Technical requirements for ultrasonic detection

The ultrasonic detection on the butt weld joints shall be conducted in accordance with JB/T 4730.

See Table 6 for its qualified indexes.

Table 6 Qualified Indexes of Radiographic and Ultrasonic Detection

Detection method Detection technique grade Detection range Qualificat

Category A and Category AII II

Radiographic detection AB Bjoint Local III

Fillet joint, T-shaped joint 11

Category A and Category AII Pulse reflection

Ultrasonic B B joint Local II method

detection Fillet joint, T-shaped joint

TOFD 11

10.6.3 Technical requirements for surface detection

Carry out magnetic particle detection and penetrant detection to welded joints according to JB

4730. The qualified level shall not be lower than Level l.

10.6.4 Technical requirements for combination detection

When the combination adopts radiographic and ultrasonic detection, the quality requirements and

26

qualification grade shall be determined according to the respective standard and they shall all be

qualified.

10.7 Non-destructive Inspection Files

The files of non-destructive inspection for pressure vessels shall be complete; the retention time

of these files shall not be sholter than the design working life of the pressure vessels.

11 Pressure Test and Leakage Test

11.1 Fabricated pressure vessels shall be subject to a pressure test and leakage test according to

those specified in the design document.

11.2 During pressure test and leakage test, if the test pressure is measured with a pressure gauge,

then two calibrated p1'essure gauges with the same 1'ange shall be used. The range of the pressure

gauge shall be 1.5~3 times ofthe test pressure, ideally 2 times ofthe test pressure. The accuracý ofthe

p1'essure gauges shall not be less than Class 1.6; the dial diamete1' shall not be less than 100mm.

11.3 Prior to the testing, the opening reinfo1'cing 1'ing of a pressure vessel shall be checked for its

welded joint quality by feeding in 0.4孔。a~0.5MPa compressed air.

11.4 P1'essure test

11.4.1 The pressure test is divided into hydraulic test, gas pressure test, gas and hydrostatic combined

pressure test, and the pressure test shall be conducted according to the methods specified in the design

document

11 .4.2 The test pressu1'e and necessary strength of the pressure test shall be checked according to

those specified in GB 150 .1 -201 1.

11.4.3 Before the pressure test, the fasteners at the connecting parts of a pressure vessel shall be

fully equipped and propel甘 fastened; any temporary pressure components fitted especially for the

pressure test shall be ensured oftheir safety by taking appropriate measures.

11.4.4 The pressure gauges used for the test shall be installed at the top of the pressure vessel under

test.

11.4.5 During the holding period of pressure test, the pressure must not be continuously increased to

maintain a constant pressure. During the test process, the pressure components must not be equipped

with any fastener or applied with external force under pressure.

11 .4.6 For the repair a仕er a p1'essure test, if the vessel with the repair depth la1'ger than half of the

wall thickness shall be can冗d out with the pressure test again.

11.4.7 The pressure test on multi-cavity pressure vessel which is formed by two (or more than two) pressure chambers shall comply with the requirements of 4.6.l.7 ofGB 150.1-2011 and the requirements

ofthe design document.

11 .4.8 As fo1' the jacketed pressure vessels, the inner cylinder pressure test shall be carried out firstly

until the test is qualified, then the jacket shall be welded and the pressure test inside ofthe jacket shall

be conducted.

11 .4.9 Hydraulic test

11 .4.9.1 Usually use water as the test liquid. After passing the test, the water logging shall be removed 27

cleanly immediately. For austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels, if the water logging cannot be

removed cleanly, the chloride ion content in the water shall be controlled to be no more than 25mglL.

11.4.9.2 If necessary, other test liquids which will not lead to any hazards may also be used, but the

temperature of the liquid during the test shall be lower than the flash point or boiling point of the

liquid and reliable safety measures shall be taken.

11.4.9.3 Test temperature

When conducting hydraulic test on Q345R, Q370R, 07孔也1MoVR pressure vessels, the temperature

of the test liquid shall not be lower than 5 oC; when conducting hydraulic tests on other carbon steel

and low-alloy steel pressure vessels, the temperature of the test liquid shall not be lower than 15 oC;

the temperature of the test liquid for low-temperature pressure vessels during hydraulic test shall not

be less than the temperature of the impact test for the shell material and the welded joints (take the

greater value) plus 20o

C. If the nil-ductility transition temperature of the material is increased due to

the factor of plate thickness, then the test temperature shall be appropriately increased.

When it is supported by test data, then a lower temperature liquid may be used to carry out the

test. But during the test, the test temperature shall be ensured (the metal temperature of the pressure

vessel wall) to be 300C higher than the nil-ductility transition temperature of the wall metal of the

pressure vessel.

11.4.9.4 Test procedures and step

a) Inside the test pressure vessel, any gas shall be completely discharged and the vessel shall be

filled with liquid . During the test process, the observation surface of the test pressure vessel shall be

kept dry;

b) When the metal temperature of the test pressure vessel wall is near to the liquid temperature, then the pressure may be slowly increased to the design pressure, after confirming that there is no

leakage, and then the pressure shall be continuously increased to the required test pressure. The time

to maintain the pressure shall not be shorter than 30min; and then the pressure shall be decreased to

the design pressure and be maintained for adequate time for inspection; the pressure shall remain

unchanged during the inspection.

11.4.9.5 Acceptance criterion for hydraulic test

During the test process, the pressure vessel has no leakage, no visible deformation or abnormal

nO\se.

11 .4.9.6 A仕er hydraulic test, the testing liquid shall be discharged and the vessel inside shall be

blow dry with compressed air.

11.4.1 0 Gas pressure test, gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test

11 .4.10.1 Gas used in the test shall be dry and clean air, nitrogen or other inelt gases; the specifications

of liquid used in the test shall be the same with those ofhydraulic test.

11 .4.10.2 The gas pressure test and the gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test shall be provided

with safety measures, the safety administration department of the test organization shall send personnel

to carry out on-site supervision.

11 .4.10.3 The test pressure and necessary strength check of the pressure test shall be in accordance 28

with those specified in GB 150 .1 -201 1.

11 .4.10.4 The test temperature shall be in accordance with the specifications of 11 .4.9 .3.

11 .4.10.5 During the test, one shall increase the pressure slowly to 10% of the required test pressure,

maintain this temperature for 5min, and conduct initial inspection on all the welded joints and connection

areas; after confirming that no leakage is happening, continue to increase the pressure to 50% of the

required test pressure; if there is no anomaly happening, then increase the pressure at 10% of the

required test pressure in steps until the test pressure is reached , then maintain the pressure for 10min;

and then decrease to the design pressUI飞 maintain the pressure for adequate time for the inspection;

during the inspection period , the pressure shall remain unchanged

11.4.10.6 Acceptance criterion for gas pressure test and gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test

During the process of gas pressure test, the pressure vessel shall have no abnormal sound, have

no gas leakage by using liquid soap 0 1' other leakage detection liquid, and have no visible deformation;

with regard to the gas and hydrostatic combined pressure test, the outer wall of the pressure vessel

shall be kept dr工 the vessel shall be inspected to have no liquid leakage, then shall be inspected by

using soap liquid 0 1' other leakage detection liquid to have no gas leakage, no abnormal sound, and no

visible deformation.

11.5 Leakage test

11 .5.1 Pressure vessels shall pass the pressure test before being carried out with the leakage test.

11.5.2 The leakage test includes airtightness test, ammonia leakage test, halogen leakage test and

helium leakage test. The fabrication organization shall carry out the leakage test according to the

methods and requirements specified in the design document.

11.5.3 Airtightness test

11.5.3.1 The gas used for the airtightness test shall be in accordance with those specified in 11 .4 .10. 1.

11.5.3.2 The test pressure ofthe airtightness test shall be the design pressure ofthe pressure vessel.

11.5.3.3 When testing, the test pressure shall be increased slowly and shall be maintained for

adequate time after it has reached to the required pressure, and all the welded joints and connections

areas shall be carried out with leakage test. The small size pressure vessels may also be tested by

lInmers1l1g 111 water.

11.5.3.4 During the test process, if no leakage is detected, then the pressure vessel shall be regarded

as qualified; if any leakage was detected, then the pressure vessel shall be retested after repairing.

11.5.3.5 Other requirements ofthe airtightness test shall be in accordance with those specified in the reJevant standards .

11.5.4 The requirements and methods for other leakage test shall also meet those specified in

relevant standards.

12 Layered Vessel

The fabrication of layered pressure vessels, apart from meeting the other relevant provisions of

this standard, also shall meet the following requirements. 29

12.1 Forming and Inner Cylinder

12.1.1 The form

cylindrical segment wrapped and concentric integrated wrapped) p严ressure vessel and flat steel ribbon

wound p伊re臼ss饥sure vessel shall be in accordance with those specif白ied in Table 7.

Table 7 Forming Tolerances ofthe Inner Cylinders ofConcentric Wrapped Pressure Vessel and Flat Steel Ribbon

Wound Pressure Vessel mm

Forming tolerance

Align deviation of Category A Edge angle E formed at Category A Oifference between the maximum diameter and the minimum

welded joints (see Figure 3) welded joints (see Figure 5) diameter ofthe sam巳 seclion (see Figure 9)

三 1. 0 三 1.5 三O .4%Di，and 三5

12.1.2 Forming tolerance of single-Iayered cylinder of shrink fit pressure vessels

12.1.2.1 After a single-Iayered cylinder is formed, its intemal diameter shall be measured at upper 气section, middle section and lower section along its axis. The difference between the maximum and

minimum intemal diameter of the same section shall not be larger than 0.5% of the intemal diameter

of the cylinder.

12.1.2.2 The straightness of a single layer circular cylinder is tested with a ruler which the length is

not less than the one of the circular cylinder, by leaning the ruler against the cylinder wall along the

axial direction (the clearance between the ruler and the cylinder wall is not larger than 1.5mm).

12.1.2.3 The surfaces of Category A welded joints are required to be machined or ground, any weld

reinforcement, unfitness, undercut are not allowed to be retained, and the roundness at the joint area

shall be consistent with the cylinder body. The inner sample plate or outer sample plate with chord

length equal to 113 of the internal diameter of this single-Iayered cylinder and no less than 300mm

shall be used for inspection (see Figure 5); the forτned edge angle E shall be in accordance with those

specified in Table 8.

Table 8 Edge Angle Tolerance of Single-Iayered Cylinder of Shrink Fit Pressure Vessel

Edge angle E/mm

nHV

A <,,, -

ρLW

-ρiv

-mu

-21 -r

e-u σES

--I

e-n E-K

Biv-

-HU

--r du-LH 、二

-

c3

0-J

--t

H-E

UEc

m-m

lE

J C

-岛

r--A-m

Fiu

--C

12.1.3 12.1.3 The assembly tolerances of inner cylinders of concentric integrated wrapped

pressure vessels and flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels

12.1.3.1 The align deviation value b (see Figure 3) of Category B welded joints between the inner

cylinders shall not exceed 1.5mm; for the connection between the cylinder and the end f1ange or the

head, its align deviation value shall not exceed 1.Omm.

12.1.3.2 The E edge fonned in the axial direction by the Category B welded joints of an inner

cylinder (see Figure 6), shall be checked by using a ruler with a length not less than 300mm, the E

value shall not be larger than 1.5mm.

12.1.3.3 The straightness tolerance of assembled inner cylinder shall neither be larger than 0.1 % of

the cylinder length nor be larger than 6mm.

30

12.1.4 Welding and heat treatment of inner cylinder

12.1.4.1 Inner cylinder or assembled inner cylinder shall have no undercuts .

12.1.4.2 The external surfaces of Category A, B welded joints of inner cylinders or assembled inner

cylinders shall be machined or ground to reach the smooth transition of the surfaces and the base

metal surfaces.

12.1.4.3 For the Category A welded joints of carbon steel and low-alloy steel inner cylinders of

concentric wrapped pressure vessel as well as the Category A and B welded joints of carbon steel and

low-alloy steel inner cylinders of flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels shall be conducted with

post-weld heat treatment.

12.2 Assembly

12.2.1 Plate wrapping

12.2.1.1 Before wrapping, all rust, oil stain and other debris affecting fitting on the external surfaces

of the inner cylinder, wrapped plates or plates to be used for wrapping shall be removed.

12.2.1.2 The longitudinal welded joints of the inner cylinder and the Category C welded joints of

each layer of plate shall be staggered evenly; the circumferential welded joints of integrated wrapped

pressure vessels and t由he circlωu山n时I

and t巾he mini旧11山i扛mum distance between the circumferential welded joints oft阳wo adjacent pμla耐t臼e lay严yerαrs shall

be la缸rge创r t白han the requ川lÏ remηlents ofthe drawing.

12.2.1.3 Before w1'apping the next laye1' of plate, the welds of the previous layer shall be ground

smoothly.

12.2.1.4 After grinding, the welded joints of each layer of plate shall be carried out with appearance

inspection, and they shall be free f1'om cracks, unde1'cut, and intensive air holes.

12.2.1.5 Every laye1' of plate, afte1' w1'apping, shall pass through the loose area check. With regard to

a p1'essure vessel with the internal diameter of its inner cylinder Dj三1000mm， the length of each loose

a1'ea shall not exceed 30% of the D j along the circumference and shall not exceed 600mm along the

axial direction; with regard to a pressure vessel with the internal diameter of its inner cylinder

Dj> 1 OOOmm, the length of each loose area shall not exceed 300mm along the ci 1'cumference and shall

not exceed 600mm along the axial direction.

12.2.1.6 Every multi-Iayered cylindrical segment plate shall be processed with leakage test hole in

accordance with the requirements of drawings.

12.2.1. 7 The layer plates of mu1ti-layer integral wrapping vessels shall connect the end flange or the

head; all the align deviations shall not be larger than 0.8mm.

12.2.2 Shrink fitting

12.2.2.1 Before operating the shrink fitting, a sandblasting treatment or a shot peening treatment

shall be conducted to each single-layered cylinder to remove rust, oil stain and the debris affecting the

n忧ing between layers.

12.2.2.2 The selection of the heating temperature for shrink fitting operation shall give priority to

not affecting the properties of the steel material. The shrink fitting operation shall rely on the weight

31

of the cylinder to fit into each other, any forceful push down shall not be allowed.

12.2.2.3 During shrink fitting, the Category A joints of each single-Iayered cylinder shall be mutually

staggered; the stagger angle shall not be less than 300.

12.2.2.4 Each shrink fitting cylinder shall be dri11ed with discharge holes according to the requirements

of the drawing.

12.2.2.5 After the grooves on both ends of the shrink fitting cylinder are processed, a feeler gauge

shall be used to check the gap between shrink fitting surfaces. Any one gap area with a radial gap size

above 0.2mm shall not be larger than 0.4% ofthe area ofthe shrink fitting surface. For any gap with a

radial size larger than 1.5mm, welding repair shall be conducted.

Note: Radial gap size refers to the maximum thickness of a feeler gauge which can be squeez巳d into the gap; Gap area refers to the

product of the gap depth along the cylinder axis and the arc length of the gap.

12.2.3 Flat steel ribbon winding

12.2.3.1 After fabricating the inner cylinder of f1at steel ribbon wound pressure vessel, this cylinder

shall undergo a leakage test according to the provisions in 11.5; after passing the leakage test, the f1at

steel ribbon winding shall be carried out. The leakage test pressure shall not be larger than the

calculated value ofFormula (1):

PTi =间? 飞，/

喃自EA

/''飞

Where PTi--The leakage test pressure for the inner cylinder, MPa;

[σ]i一一-The allowable stress in the inner cylinder material at test temperatur飞 MPa;

ði--The wall thickness ofthe inner cylinder, mm;

Ri一→-The inside radius ofthe inner cylinder, mm.

12.2.3.2 Before winding f1at steel ribbon, all rust, oil stain and debris affecting the fitting shall be

removed from the external surfaces ofthe inner cylinder and steel ribbons.

12.2.3.3 The winding process of each layer of f1at steel ribbons shall be conducted according to wound

angle and pre-tensile stress specified in the drawing, and the readings of the force measurement

device shall be recorded . During the winding process of the flat steel ribbons, the actual thickness of

each layer of steel ribbon shall be measured and recorded, and the actual total thickness of actual

thickness of alllayers shall be ensured being larger than the design thickness ofthe steel ribbon layers, otherwise, the layers of steel ribbons shall be increased.

12.2.3.4 Among the steel ribbons at the same layer, the space between any a句acent steel ribbons

shall be evenly distributed and be less than 3mm, any sides of a steel ribbon shall not be cut for

reasons of uneven space

12.2.3.5 Every layer of the steel ribbon, after being wound, shall be carried out with loose area

check. The loose area on each steel ribbon shall not exceed 15% ofthe total area ofthis steel ribbon.

12.2.3.6 The start and tail ends of each steel ribbon layer shall be tightly fitted with the previous

layer, and the ends ofthe steel ribbon shall be welded for a length which is double the ribbon width, in 32

order to strengthen and tighten the ribbon space. The weld of the steel ribbon ends of each layer shall

be ground smooth, and use a 5 times magnifying glasses to carry out inspection to the appearance of

the weld, to check there are no defects such as undercuts, intensive air holes, slag or cracks. When

necessaI卫 a magnetic pm1icle detection or penetration detection may be conducted.

12.2.3.7 Steel ribbons may be chamfered by 45 0 for butt splicing. The splicing length shall not be

less than 500mm; the number of such butt joints on one steel ribbon shall not exceed one and the

number of such butt joints on one steel ribbon shall not exceed three, The butt joints shall adopt the

full penetration structure and also shall be carried out with welding procedure qualification according

to NB/T 47014 before splicing.

12.3 Heat Treatment

12.3.1 As for the concentric wrapped pressure vessel and integrated wrapped pressure vessel, all the

welded joints welded with the wrapping cylindrical segments may not be carried out with post-weld

heat treatment after welding.

12.3.2 After shrink fi忧ing the cylinder of a shrink fit pressure vessel, the stress relief heat treatment

shall be carried out. This step may be car吐ed out together with the post-weld heat treatment.

12.4 Test Piece and Test Specimen

1口2.4 .1 The t臼est p抖ieces for the p严ro刀oduct welding of wra丑apped layered cy川lind出r北al s臼egmη1ent让t P严ressure

vessels shall include the inner cylinder welding test piece and plate layer welding test piece. The

welding test piece of plate layer shall be welded at the extended part of the weld of Category C joints

at a ce11ain layer. At the weld root of the test piece, the subplate having the same material and

thickness as the plate layer shall be padded.

12.4.2 The inner cylinders of multi-layer wrapped pressure vessels and f1at steel ribbon wound vessels

(except the inner cylinders made of steel pipe) shall be prepared with product welding test piece.

12.5 Non-destructive Inspection

12.5.1 The splice joints of the layer plate, the Category A welded joints of the inner cylinders of

wrapped layered cylindrical segment pressure vessels, the Category A welded joints of the single

layered cylinders of shrink fit pressure vessels, the Category A and Category B welded joints of the

inner cylinders of integrated wrapped pressure vessels, the welded joints connecting each layer of

plates and the end f1anges or spherical heads, the longitudinal and circumferential welded joints of the

plate at the most outside layer, the Category A and Category B welded joints of the inner cylinders of

f1at steel ribbon wound pressure vessels shall be carried out with a full (1 00%) radiographic testing or

ultrasonic testing, and shall conform to the provisions in 10.6.

12.5.2 As for the Category C welded joints of the layer plates of concentric wrapped pressure

vessels with the standard tensile strength lower limit Rm2:540MPa, their surfaces shall be conducted

with 100% magnetic particle detection or penetrant detection, and shall conform to the provisions in

10.6.

12.6 Pressure Test and Leakage Test

12.6.1 The pressure test and final leakage test of multi-layered pressure vessels shall be consistent

with the requirements of Chapter 11 and the design document.

33

12.6.2 The pressure test for flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessels shall meet the requirements in

11 .4, moreover, in the pressure test; the perimeter of the cylinder at the location of 800mm from the

end weld ofthe most outside layer of steel ribbon shall be measured.

Two groups of measured values shall be taken during the test process, the first group shall take

the measured values at three positions under a zero pressure state before the pressure test; and the

second group shall take the measured values at three positions under the specified test pressure, aftel

the pressure reaching the specified test pressure and be kept for at least 5min during the pressure test. The average value em of the measured perimeter elongation at the 3 positions shall be calculated and

also shall be compared with the theoretical perimeter elongation eth of the single-layered same size

cylinder as calculated according to the following formula, and the ratio of em and eth being between

0.6~ 1.0 will be accepted.

CaJculation ofthe circumferential theoretical elongation e(h ofthe same size single-layered cylinder:

e -1 O.68Ro l飞Rfth-Em(R;-Rf)

(2)

Where eth一一-The circumferential theoretical elongation of the same size single-layered cylinder, mm;

R。一一-The outside radius ofthe cylinder, mm;

P，一一-The test pressure of the pressure test for flat steel ribbon wound pressure vessel,

MPa;

Ri一一-The inside radius ofthe cylinder, mm;

Em一一一The elastic modulus of the materials under the test temperature of pressure test,

MPa;

12.6.3 The flat steel ribbon pressure vessel, after passing the pressure test and leakage test, shall be

welded with a protection shell according to the requirements of the drawing.

13 Exfactory Requirements for Vessels

13.1 Exfactory Information

13.1.1 The fabrication organization shall provide the purchaser with exfactory information; If there

are some special requirements for the utilization of the vessels, operation instruction shall be provided.

13.1.2 The exfactory information shall at least include the following parts:

a) General completion drawing ofthe vessel;

b) The product quality certificate ofthe vessel (including product data table);

c) Product quality documentary evidence (including the quality certificate of the materials for

main pressure components, materials list, the quality documentary evidence of such purchased parts

as heads and forgings , the quality plan and inspection plan, the structural size inspection report, the

welding record, the non-destructive testing report, the heat treat:ment report and automaticallY recording

curves, the pressure test report and leakage test report, the technical information on assembling and

welding and quality the on-site assembled and welded pressure vessels, etc.); 34

d) The rubbing copy and photocopy ofthe product nameplate;

e) Manufacture supervision inspection celiificate on special equipment (for pressure vessels

which require supervision and inspection);

。 Pressure vessel design documents (including the strength calculation note or the stress analysis

report, the risk assessment report required by relevant specifications and other necessary design

documents).

13.2 Nameplate

13.2.1 The nameplate of a pressure vessel shall be fixed at a clearly visible location, but the nameplate

of a low-temperature pressure vessel cannot be directly riveted onto the shell.

13.2.2 A nameplate shall include at least the following content:

a) Product name;

b) Name of manufacturing organization;

c) License No. /Grade ofthe manufacturing organization;

d) Product standard;

e) Main materials;

。 Medium name;

g) Design temperature;

h) Design pressure or maximum allowable operating pressure (when it is necessary);

Pressure of pressure test;

Production code number

k) Device code;

Manufacturing date;

m) Pressure vessel type;

Volume (heat exchange area).

13.3 Coating and Transport Package for Pressure Vessels

The coating and transport packaging of pressure vessels shall be in accor由nce with those specified

in JB/T 4711 and the requirements of the design documents.

35

pressure vessels一 part 4: fabrication inspection and

Documents