prevention of accident through design for safety (dfs)

Dr. Winson Yeung Principal Consultant Occupational Safety and Health Council

Prevention of Accident through Design for Safety (DFS)

透過建築安全設計預防意外

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Modern Architectural Design

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Safe to Construct / Maintain ?

Peculiar External Shape

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Concerns on Safe Design ( 1 ) No safe means of access to facilities and no safe means of support for workers to carry out RMMA works at external walls of buildings

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Concerns on Safe Design ( 2 )

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Impracticable to erect scaffold or provide anchorage as fall protective measures at external walls

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No guardrails or fall protective measures at rooftop / canopy

Concerns on Safe Design ( 3 )

Design For Safety (DFS)

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• To promote early involvement, effective cooperation & communication of all stakeholders

• To improve clarity on the demarcation

of roles & responsibilities of parties • To strengthen hazard identification &

mitigation at early design stages

Main Objective:

DFS Review Programme Methodology in 2013

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Literature Review / Questionnaire Survey

Interview / Focus Group Meeting / Site Visit

DFS Review Programme Questionnaire Survey – Target Response Group

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Client

Designer Project Supervisor

Contract Supervisor

19.4%

13.4%

22.8%

11.2%

25%

8.2%

*Response Proportion

No. of Responses (from 70 sites) 232

Overall Response Rate 73%

Principal Contractor

Maintenance Supervisor

New Features in DFS – 1 Simplify the roles of duty holders

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CDM Client

Project Supervisor Designers

Contractors Contract Supervisor


DFS Client

Designers

Contractors


New Features in DFS - 2 New Tool – Checklist for Duty Holders

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Checklist for Duty holders to illustrate the role and responsibilities and submission of documentation for different duty holders - Client, Designer, Contractor, Maintenance Supervisor, during each stage of the DFS process

Client

Designer


Application of DFS under different Project Stages

Record of Major Issues Raised and Responses

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New Features in DFS - 3 Enhanced Format for “Summary of Health and Safety Concerns”

Preliminary Hazards Analysis Checklist - safety analysis tool for identifying hazards & their associated causal factor

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New Features in DFS - 4 New Design Tool – Red, Amber and Green Lists

Red, amber and green lists the practical aides for designers on what should be eliminated/avoided, and what should be encouraged to be completed during the design stage

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Examples – Red, Amber and Green Lists

Red Lists: Hazardous procedures, products and processes that should be eliminated from the project where possible.

• Designing roof mounted services requiring access (for maintenance etc.), without provision for safe access (e.g. barriers)

• Glazing that cannot be accessed safely. All glazing should be anticipated as requiring cleaning & maintenance, so a safe system of access is essential

Amber Lists: Products, processes and procedures to be eliminated or reduced as far as possible and only specified/allowed if unavoidable. Including amber items would always lead to the provision of information to the Duty holders.

• Substituting dangerous with inherently less dangerous chemicals • External manholes in heavy used vehicle access zones

Green Lists: Products, processes and procedures to be positively encouraged. • Off site fabrication and prefabricated elements to minimize on site hazards • Designing the structure so that maintenance can be performed at ground level

or safely from the structure, e.g. positioning air-conditioning units at ground level and designing inward opening windows etc.

Provide railing at canopy & upper roof and suspended steel service

platform to prevent accidental fall

Providing Safe Access and Working Platform for Maintenance and Cleansing Personnel in New Building

Provide stairs and platforms for safe maintenance

Providing Safe Access for Maintenance and Cleansing Personnel in New Building

Provide railing at canopy and covered walkway to prevent accidental fall

Provide horizontal anchor lines at canopy to prevent accidental fall

Providing Fall Arrest System for Maintenance and Cleansing Personnel in Existing Building

Provide permanent anchorage and ladder for lift workers to get access to the lift pit

Providing Safe Access to Lift Pit for Lift Workers

Great Enhancement with Simple Design

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Fall arresting device comply with international safety standard

Transportable Temporary Anchor Device EN 795 Class B Full body harness

EN 361

Retractable fall arrester EN 360

Connector EN 362

Eyebolt EN 795

T-shape bracket

Step Platform • Foldable and mobile • Platform legs made of

electrical insulating materials

• Suitable for electrical work • Suitable for work-at-height

with limited space

Mobile Working Platform • Demountable and mobile • Equipped with wheels, and wheels can be locked

when the platform is in use

Hop-up Platform • Installed quickly and mobile • Horizontal bar installed at

the bottom to increase it's stability

• Platform components is lockable and not easy to be detached

• Platform legs made of electrical insulating materials

• Suitable for electrical work


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Safety Function The PRCD is a portable device which will disconnect the power supply automatically

when there is power leakage from the electrical equipment connected to it, thereby protecting workers from electric shock

Product Design

New design that pass the product safety test and comply with the international safety standard

Fulfill IP67 waterproof IP ratings


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Installation of protective net in the steel yards to prevent worker from being hit by falling object

Suitable protective measures should be provided for protruding steel re-bars

Safe design for distribution board Opening the door without authorization

will break the current immediately

Improve design for safety latch of hook (Double lock)

Using plate clamp for pile lifting When the refuse chute is being used in the upper floor, the alarm at the refuse chute

opening will be triggered


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Design to minimize Working at Height e.g. remote control for concrete skip and lifting sheet piles & H piles

Aluminum Working Platform for Bamboo Scaffold


Use of BIM and VR in Simulation and Training

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Combining the use of BIM and Virtual Reality (VR) technology in simulating realistic hazardous situation (lifting work, work-at-height, electrical work, etc.)

Used for safety training and project safety planning

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Use of RFID to provide safety alert on Danger Work Zone

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Use of Tailor-made Apps and Cloud Technology

Electronic portable devices (smart phones) with tailor-made “Apps” on safety inspection & certificate checking, etc.

Information can be shared immediately to the project management and other staff via cloud technology

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Anti-tilt and Overload Detection Device for Gondola

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Future Study on Window Scaffold Design

Thank You!

www.oshc.org.hk

http://www.oshc.org.hk/

prevention of accident through design for safety (dfs)

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