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Prevention Research at the National Institutes of Health
David M. Murray, Ph.D. Associate Director for Prevention Director, Office of Disease Prevention
Association for Clinical and Translational Sciences April 14, 2016
Prevention is Part of the NIH Mission
NIH’s mission is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. The NIH provides leadership and direction to programs designed to
improve the health of the Nation by conducting and supporting research in the causes, diagnosis, , and cure of human disease.
prevention
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The Office of Disease Prevention Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives
Director NIH
Director DPCPSI
Office of AIDS Research
Office of Research on
Women’s Health
Office of Disease Prevention
Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences
Research
Office of Strategic
Coordination
Office of Research
Infrastructure Programs
Office of Portfolio Analysis
Office of Program
Evaluation & Performance
Sexual & Gender Minority
Research Office
Tribal Health Research Office
Office of Administrative Management &
Communications
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Mission of the Office of Disease Prevention
The mission of the ODP is to improve the public health by increasing the scope, quality, dissemination, and impact of prevention research supported by NIH. ODP will fulfill this mission by providing leadership for the
development, coordination, and implementation of prevention research in collaboration with the ICs and other partners.
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Awards and Dollars: NIH Total and Prevention
Thou
sand
s
Bill
ions
50 $25
10 15 20 25 30 35
Total Awards Prevention Awards Total Dollars Prevention Dollars
$5
$10
$15
0 $0
$20 40 45
5
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Fiscal Year
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Prevention
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Thou
sand
s
8.0 $5
5.0
6.0
7.0
$3$3$4$4
4.0 $2
1.0
2.0
3.0 Awards Dollars
$0$1$1$2
0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year 2014 2015
$0
.0
.0
.5
.0
.5
.5
.5
.0
.5
.0
.0
Bill
ions
Tobacco
Thou
sand
s
8.0 $5.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
$3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5
4.0 $2.5
2.0
3.0 Dollars Awards
$1.0 $1.5 $2.0 B
illio
ns
0.0
1.0
$0.0 $0.5
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Fiscal Year
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Nutrition
Thou
sand
s
8.0 $5.0
7.0 $4.5
6.0 $3.5 $4.0
5.0 $3.0 4.0 $2.5
3.0 Dollars $2.0
2.0 Awards
$1.0 $1.5
0.0 $0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Fiscal Year
Bill
ions
1.0 $0.5
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Obesity
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Dollars Awards
$1.0 $1.5 $2.0 $2.5 $3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5 $5.0
0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year 2014 2015
$0.0
Bill
ions
1.0 $0.5
Thou
sand
s
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Alcohol
Thou
sand
s
8.0 $5.0
7.0 $4.5
6.0 $3.5 $4.0
5.0 $3.0 4.0 $2.5
3.0 Dollars $2.0
2.0 Awards
$1.0 $1.5
1.0 $0.5
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Fiscal Year
Bill
ions
0.0 $0.0
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Infectious Disease – Not HIV/AIDS
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Dollars Awards $1.5
$2.0 $2.5 $3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5 $5.0
0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year 2014 2015
$0.0
Bill
ions
1.0 $0.5 $1.0
Thou
sand
s
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HIV/AIDS
Thou
sand
s
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Dollars Awards $1.5
$2.0 $2.5 $3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5 $5.0
0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year 2014 2015
$0.0
Bill
ions
1.0 $0.5 $1.0
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Substance Abuse
Thou
sand
s
8.0 $5.0
7.0 $4.5
6.0 $3.5 $4.0
5.0 $3.0 4.0 $2.5
3.0 Dollars $2.0
2.0 Awards
$1.0 $1.5
0.0 $0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Fiscal Year
Bill
ions
1.0 $0.5
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mHealth
Thou
sand
s
8.0 $5.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
$3.0 $3.5 $4.0 $4.5
4.0 $2.5
2.0
3.0 Dollars Awards
$1.0 $1.5 $2.0 B
illio
ns
0.0
1.0
$0.0 $0.5
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Fiscal Year
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Recent NIH Initiatives Related to Prevention
Enhancing Diversity of the Biomedical Workforce Big Data Rigor and Reproducibility Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)
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The Future for Prevention Researchers
Prevention researchers need better training in research design and analytic methods so that results are reproducible and to be sure that they are using current methods. Clinical trials, group- or cluster-randomized trials Less common designs (e.g., stepped wedge, regression discontinuity) Key or new analytic methods (e.g., mixed model regression, methods for
intensive longitudinal data and for big data) This recommendation aligns well with the CTSA’s 2015 ECRPTQ
Competency Domains 1, 4, and 6. This recommendation applies to animal and human studies, to drug
and device interventions, and to behavioral interventions.
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The Future for Prevention Researchers
Prevention researchers need better training in the design, operation, and analysis of pragmatic trials, which are often more efficient and can lead to more rapid implementation of newly tested interventions. Pragmatic trials are often run in health care systems. They often rely on electronic health records for most data. They often involve group- or cluster-randomized trial designs, or related
methods (e.g., stepped wedge). Training in the design and analysis is important. Training in operations is also important, because these studies are often
run in existing health care systems rather than in study-specific setting.
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The Future for Prevention Researchers
Researchers using behavioral interventions need training in the use of taxonomies and frameworks for behavioral change. These methods contribute to the development of stronger behavioral
interventions. They also set the stage for meta-analyses and other cross-study
analyses.
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ODP’s Contributions
ODP’s Resources for Researchers web pages provide resources for new and experienced investigators interested in prevention research. Prevention research needs and gaps Prevention related programs, offices, divisions, and study sections Applying for NIH funding
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ODP’s Contributions
ODP provides links to Prevention Science Methods webinars, including webinars on topics identified in the previous slides. Group- or cluster randomized trial design and analytic methods Use of taxonomies and frameworks of behavior change Big data and the promise and pitfalls when applied to prevention research Time-varying effect for intensive longitudinal data ODP is seeking opportunities to support training in prevention
science methods
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prevention.nih.gov
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