Primary Education

Presentation for Consultative Committee

16th July 2007

Primary Education : Basic Statistics

Child Population 6- 11 years (Census 2001)

12.13 cr.

Number of Primary Schools 7,67,520

Number of Primary Teachers 21,60,666

Number of EGS centres 146240

WHAT DOES SSA PROVIDE :-

Providing basic facilities in each school

Setting up of primary schools within 1 k.m. radius

Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative Innovative Education centres as alternative schools.

Back to school programme through bridge courses and residential camps.

Additional classrooms – a room for every teacher with minimum of two teachers at Primary level

Toilets/drinking water/child friendly elements.

Additional teachers to get pupil teacher ratio of 40:1.

What SSA Provided for Basic Facilities

Item

Targets up to 2006-07

(in lakh)Achievement up 2006(in lakh)s

% Cumulative achievement

New Primary Schools opened

1.33 1.09 75%

Teachers appointed 10.03 8.25 81%

Drinking Water 1.7 1.58 93%

Toilets 2.35 2.03 83%

Construction

Primary School building

Additional Classrooms

1.21

6.92

Comp. IP Comp Comp. & IP

0.69

4.05

0.23

2.46

54%

58%

74%

94%

Access at Primary Stage

Access less (no school within 1 km.) habitations as per 7th AIES

1,60,528

Primary schools provided till 2007-08 under SSA and DPEP

2,04,200

98% of rural population has access to primary school within 1 km. of habitation.

92000 EGS centres are providing education to 24 lakh children in sparsely populated habitations with relaxed norms in tribal areas.

About 28 lakh children are covered through context specific AIE intervention

88

90

92

94

96

98

100

102

104

106

108

110

GER

GER 96.3 95.3 98.2 107.8

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

• GER at primary stage is 107.8.

• GER < 100 in AP, Bihar, Haryana, J&K, Jharkhand, Kerala, Nagaland, Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi and Laksadweep

• 52 lakh children in EGS and AIE

Gross Enrolment Ratios

Enrolment at Primary Stage

GER at Primary Level

Out of School Children

320

249

116135

70 75

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

• The number of out of school children is 75 lakh (2007) (3.5%).

• 2.9% in 6-11 yrs OoSC

• Number of districts with more than 50,000 OoSC has reduced from 48 (2005) to 24 (2007). (Assam 1, Bihar 11, Chattisgarh 1, Haryana 1, Orissa 1, West Bengal 9)

Goal – I contd…/-

In lakhs

• Girls enrolment increased from 43.7%(2000-2001)to 46.7%(2004-2005).

• Gender gap reduced from 19 to 6 percent pts.

• 48 distt. Gender Gap > 10% pts.

• High gender gap

Bihar(24)Rajasthan (9)

Gujarat(16)Jharkhand (16)

Districts with gender gap > 10% points

Bridging Gender Gap at primary

Programme for participation of girls Free Text Books

National Programme on Education of Girls at Elementary level started in 3291 educationally backward blocks.

Innovative activities like pre-school centres/bridge courses/vocational education/bicycles etc.

Gender sensitization of education personnel and teachers.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (residential schools) in educationally backward blocks launched in July, 2004.

What does SSA Provide for Bridging Gender Gap

Bridging Social Gaps – Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes

• GER gap SC (nil) ST (2.15%pts )

• State variations (GER Gap)

Primary (SC)

Delhi-28.01 Chandigarh-24.17 T.Nadu-12.22 Puducherry-7.8 Goa-4.38 Jharkhand-2.70 Bihar-2.60.

Primary (ST)

Rajasthan-13.67 Bihar-11.52 Orissa-9.76 Manipur-8.46 Meghalaya-7.58 Nagaland-4.9 Chatisgarh-4.05 Tripura-2.99

SCST

Free Text Books

51 SC concentration and 75 ST concentration districts identified)

EGS & AIE centres being opened in tribal areas with relaxed norms (10-15 children).

Flexible schooling strategies for working migrant children

NGO’s involved in specific initiatives in urban slums and street children

What Does SSA Provide for Bridging SC & ST Gaps

District specific strategies for SC & ST children (15 lakh for innovation

Recruitment of local tribal teachers.

Development of specific modules for training of teachers in tribal areas (AP, Gujarat, Orissa)

Use of primers in tribal languages to help in better transition to State language

Priority in KGBV hostels, 25% SC and 29% ST girls

What Does SSA Provide for Bridging SC & ST Gaps

• 9.97% (22 lakhs) muslim children (6-14) were out of school (SRI-IMRB 2005 Survey).

Bridging Social Category Gaps Muslim Minorities)

Goal – II contd../-

7.84

6.23

3.88

0.85 0.66 0.62 0.61 0.381.46

0

2

4

6

8

10

Free Text Books to Minority girls.

Text Books in Urdu

88 districts with more than 20% muslim population focussed for Muslim minority under SSA.

4624 PS, 1780 UPS and 31,702 EGS opened in these districts in 2006-07. 25.5% of total SSA allocation for these districts

Priority in KGBV Hostels, 529 KGBV Hostels in Muslim minority concentration districts

What Does SSA Provide for Bridging Muslim Minoritiy Gap

Muslim educational indicators being collected under DISE.

Supporting formal curriculum to children not attending regular schools through recognized / unrecognized Madarsas / Maktabs (13,176).

Teaching Learning Material Grants

Teacher Training

Free Text Books

Additional instructor to impart formal curriculum

What Does SSA Provide for Bridging Minoritiy Gap

What Does SSA Provide for Children With Special need

• Support to CWSN, specific provision of Rs 1200 per child

• Coverage through enrolment in schools(19.97 lakh), EGS/AIE centres(1.12 lakh) and home based education (77140).

• 19.10 lakh CWSN (63%) enrolled in schools out of 23 lakh identified.

• Provided assistive devices to 7.12 lakh CWSN• Teachers training to 50000 teachers• 6678 resource teachers appointed in 21 States. • Barrier free access ramps in the 5.02 lakh school• 620 NGOs involved in planning for IE, identification on

CWSN, provision of aids and appliances, training on teachers etc.

• Focus now on in-class attention and appropriate materials/ teaching methods for enrolling CWSN

• Dropout rates (pry.) have fallen by 11.3% pts. since 2001.

(2.3% drop between 1990-2000)

• Reduction in girls > 15% pts.

• Transition rates Pry. to U. Pry. improve from 74.15 (2003-04) to 83.36 (2005-06).

Universal Retention by 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Pry Girls 39.9 33.72 28.57 25.42

Primary 39 34.89 31.47 29

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Dropout Rates

Goal III : Universal Retention by 2010

Upto 10%10 to 20%20 to 30%

> 40%

Primary Dropout Rates

30 to 40%

•Drop out at National level 29.21% (SES 2004)

•Dropout more than National Average is in

Assam, Bihar, Goa, Meghalaya,

Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, and West Bengal

Universal Retention – Scheduled Castes

• Gap between general and SC dropout rate is 5.21%

• Interstate variations

Goa-53.67 UP-18.54

T. Nadu-12.72 WB-11.28

Haryana-9.8 HP-8.79

Chandigarh-7.61 Punjab-5.24

Dropout Gap

10-20% points

> 20% points.

Upto 10% points

Primary Dropout Gap

Universal Retention – Scheduled Tribes

• Gap between general and ST dropout rate is 13.32%

• Interstate variations

Maharashtra - 25.65

Andhra Pradesh - 22.09

Manipur - 19.82

Orissa - 19.28

Gujarat - 13.71

Tamil Nadu-10.73

10-20% points

> 20% points.

Upto 10% pointsDropout Gap

Primary Dropout Gap

What SSA Provides for Quality improvement

Provide additional teachers for PTR 1: 40 with minimum of two teachers

Grants – Teachers Development of improved textbooks Free textbooks for girls, SC, ST’s Remedial teaching (for students needing greater

attention ) Annual 20 day training of teachers Decentralized academic support to

schools/teachers through block & cluster level resource centers

Improved pupil assessment systems School monitoring indicators

PTR at primary – 41:1

State have recruited 8.25 lakhs teachers against the target of 10.03 lakhs teachers.

States with high PTR at Pry Bihar (73:1),Jharkhand (53:1), UP (60:1), W. Bengal (47:1)

States that have to recruit more than 15000 teachers under SSA.

Bihar - 29218West Bengal - 39486Rajasthan – 33057Jharkhand – 18480Orissa- 16486

States with high PTR at pry

PTR more than 41:1

Appointment of Teachers

Teacher Training• Target in 2006-07 was 34,05,615• Overall progress 87%• Less than 40% progress in Bihar,

Sikkim, A & N Islands, Lakshadweep

• Fresh NCERT guidelines for in service training (The Reflective Teacher)

• Evaluation of teacher training underway (April, 2008)

• SSA also supports induction training and training of untrained teachers

• Focus on outcome oriented teacher training , to enable teachers to attain pre identified performance standards

• Less than 40%• 40 – 60% progress• 60 - 80% progress• More than 80%

Textbooks

• Target in 06-07 was 6,68,77,585

• Overall progress 96%• Issue of timeliness in

distribution being addressed/monitored through MIEs/IPAI

• Free textbook from state budget: Puducherry, Karnataka, T. N., Gujarat (up to class VII), etc.

• Textbook revision recently completed , or currently underway in several states.

• Progress > 90%• Progress < 90%• From State budget

Assessment based learning improvement efforts

• Quality Tracking in Kerala• KSQAO – Karnataka• ABL – Tamil Nadu• CLAPS – Andhra Pradesh• LATS – Orissa• GAP – Gujarat• Buniyad – Jharkhand• Read C. – Chhattisgarh• Read M. – Madhya Pradesh• LAP, LGP – Rajasthan• School Grading, Nayee Disha – UP• PLEP – Punjab• SSUU – West Bengal• Bidya Jyoti, LAP – Assam• School Monitoring - Uttarakhand

• Learning Improvement Initiatives• Recent initiatives

Remedial Teaching

• Target in 2006-07 was 43,60,095

• Overall progress 78%

• Less than 40% progress in Andaman & Nicobar Is., Lakshadweep, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab and Sikkim

• Several States running programmes with NGOs.

• Less than 40%• 40 – 60% progress• 60 - 80% progress• More than 80%

Learning Achievement Surveys by NCERT-Class III

Mean Achievement Language Maths.

Class-III(29 states / UTs)

63. 12(S.D. 22.05)

58. 25(S.D. 24. 89)

Maths

0-50%

50-60%

60-70%

70-80%

0-50%

50-60%60-70%

70-80%

Language

Learning Achievement Surveys by NCERT- Class V

Mean Achievement Math Lang. EVS

Class -V (31 states / UTs)

46. 51(SD 21.30)

58. 57(SD 18.30)

50. 30(SD 20.67)

Maths

0-50%

50-60%

70-80%

60-70%

Language

0-50%

50-60%

60-70%

70-80%

Sub-dist. academic support structures

• Over 90% operational in all states except in Assam and some UTs

• Urban Resource Centers (URCs) being set up (SSA guidelines amended recently)

• Evaluation study being commissioned.

• Efforts to identify performance standards (ADEPTS) and emphasise primacy of the academic support role of BRCs and CRCs (e.g. through QMTs).

< 90% functional• BRCs• CRCs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

In P

erce

nt

Teacher 73.9 82.2 43.8 68.4 76.5 95.1 86.3 91.7 73.3 90 67.8 80.9 66.3 89.1 81 59.6 75.1

Students 72.7 81.4 42 67.7 75 94.6 86.2 91.4 72.1 89 66.8 81.7 62.7 88.3 80 57.3 75.7

APAssam

Bihar

Chatt.

Gujarat

HPKarn.

Kerala

MPMah.

Or.PJB

Raj. TNUkd

.UP WB

Improving Quality

Attendance.

Primary Education : Initiatives

• SSA initiated in 2001-02; effectively started in 2002-03.

• Operation Blackboard merged with SSA.• NFE scheme modified to new EGS & AIE

scheme, included under SSA • DPEP now only in 17 districts in 2 States under

overall umbrella of SSA.• KGBV scheme merged with SSA w.e.f 1.04.07

What Does SSA Provide for Community Involvement

Community involvement - must in SSA Village Education Committees and School

Management Committees given key role in SSA implementation.

50% funds go to VEC/ SMC

VECs/Women’s groups monitor primary schools

Roles in implementation/monitoring assigned to Panchayati Raj Institutions.

More than 6000 NGOs involved in support to, and implementation of SSA interventions.

Focus in 2007-08

Outcomes Expected

• Reduction in dropouts by at least 5% at primary level.

• Reduction in gender gap by at least 5%.

• Enhancing student and teacher attendance.

• Focused programmes for improving levels of learning in Maths and Language in classes I to III.