primary elements of engineering thermodynamics p m v subbarao professor mechanical engineering...
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Primary Elements of Engineering Thermodynamics
P M V SubbaraoProfessor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi
The First step to Develop Engineering Skills…..
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The Main Goal of Engineering Thermodynamics
• Creation of engineering solutions to extrasomaic needs of human.
• Engineering skill demands identification of a specific target in the universe to create these solutions.
• Target identification is the first step in ET.
• Correct Identification of target leads to major success in ET.
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Aim: Harvesting of Power from WindEngineering Solution : Development of Wind mill with a specified
Horse Power What is the Precise Target ?
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Wind Turbine in an Open Air
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The Part of the Wind Which Interacts with Wind Turbine
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Identifying Your Target For Better Understanding
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A Thermodynamic System
A thermodynamic system is a collection of matter which has distinct boundaries.OR
A real or imaginary portion of universe which has distinct boundaries is called system.OR
A thermodynamic system is that part of universe which is under thermodynamic study.
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Thermodynamic System and SurroundingsSystem: the material in a portion of space whose
thermodynamic study is to be made
Surroundings: Everything exterior to the system
Boundary: A separator, real or imaginary, between system and surroundings.
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Classification of Thermodynamic Systems
• Basis: Nature of interaction with its surroundings.
• Mass interactions.
• Momentum & Energy Interactions.
• Species Interactions.
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Nature of Thermodynamic System : Control Mass
Control Mass (Closed system): fixed mass (solid or fluid) within the boundary:
Mass neither enter or nor leave the boundary.
Volume of the system can change.
Both work and heat can cross the boundary.
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Nature of Thermodynamic System : Control Volume
Control Volume(Open (flow) system): A volume with partly solid boundaries and imaginary boundary sections through which fluid moves
Cold air in
Hot air out
Electric power in
Heat loss
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Classification based on Momentum Interactions….Also facilitate Energy transactions ….
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Nature of Thermodynamic System : Isolated system
Isolated system: An isolated system is one that is not influenced in any way by the surroundings.
A Control Mass through which no heat interactions and which does no work interactions (rigid).
This means that no mass, heat, or work cross the boundary of the system.
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James Watt’s Contribution to Steam Engine Development : 1769
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Adiabatic Control Mass
Adiabatic Control Mass : A control mass, which is expected to have no heat interactions with surroundings but can do other actions equivalent to work.
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Adiabatic control volume
A Control Volume which is expected have no heat interactions, but can have work interactions.
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First Level of Knowledge about System : Substance & Purity
• Matter: Distinct chemical species.
– single component – pure substance
– two components – binary system
• A pure substance can become a binary system:
– example: water or steam under normal conditions is a single component; but at very high temperatures, H2O dissociates and becomes a two-component system – the components are H and O (binary)
• A binary system can be treated as a single component:
– O2 and N2 in air under normal conditions can be considered as a single component, “air”.
• Multi-component systems: three or more interacting chemical species