principles of analytic graphics - github pages · principles of analytic graphics principle4:...
TRANSCRIPT
Principles of Analytic GraphicsBiostatistics 140.776
Principles of Analytic Graphics
Principle 1: Show comparisons
I Evidence for an hypothesis is always relative to anothercompeting hypothesis
I Always ask “Compared to What?”
Show Comparisons
Figure 1: Show comparisons
Reference: Butz AM, et al., JAMA Pediatrics, 2011
Show Comparisons
Figure 2: Show comparisons
Reference: Butz AM, et al., JAMA Pediatrics, 2011
Principles of Analytic Graphics
Principle 1: Show comparisons
I Evidence for an hypothesis is always relative to anothercompeting hypothesis
I Always ask “Compared to What?”
Principe 2: Show causality, mechanism, explanation, systematicstructure
I What is your causal framework for thinking about a question?
Show Causality, Mechanism
Figure 3: Show causality, mechanism
Reference: Butz AM, et al., JAMA Pediatrics, 2011
Show Causality, Mechanism
Figure 4: Show causality, mechanism
Reference: Butz AM, et al., JAMA Pediatrics, 2011
Principles of Analytic Graphics
Principle 1: Show comparisons
I Evidence for an hypothesis is always relative to anothercompeting hypothesis
I Always ask “Compared to What?”
Principe 2: Show causality, mechanism, explanation, systematicstructure
I What is your causal framework for thinking about a question?
Principle 3: Show multivariate data
I Multivariate = more than 2 variablesI The real world is multivariateI Need to “escape flatland”
Show Multivariate Data
150
200
250
300
0 40 80PM10 concentration
Dai
ly M
orta
lity
(all
caus
es)
Show Multivariate Data
150
200
250
300
0 40 80PM10 concentration
Dai
ly M
orta
lity
(all
caus
es)
season
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Show Multivariate Data
Winter Spring Summer Fall
0 40 80 0 40 80 0 40 80 0 40 80
150
200
250
300
PM10 concentration
Dai
ly M
orta
lity
(all
caus
es)
Principles of Analytic Graphics
Principle 4: Integrate Evidence
I Completely integrate words, numbers, images, diagramsI Data graphics should make use of many modes of data
presentationI Don’t let the tool drive the analysis
Integrate Evidence
Figure 5: Using annotations on a figure
Integrate Evidence
Figure 6: When do people get married?
Source: http://flowingdata.com/2016/03/03/marrying-age/
Integrate Evidence
Figure 7: Getting married later
Source: http://flowingdata.com/2011/05/23/when-do-people-get-married-and-divorced/
Integrate Evidence
Figure 8: How we spend our money
Source: http://flowingdata.com/2015/04/02/how-we-spend-our-money-a-breakdown/
Principles of Analytic Graphics
Principle 4: Integrate Evidence
I Completely integrate words, numbers, images, diagramsI Data graphics should make use of many modes of data
presentationI Don’t let the tool drive the analysis
Principle 5: Describe and document the evidence with appropriatelabels, scales, sources, etc.
I A data graphic should tell a complete story that is credibleI Same is true for a slide in a presentation
Document the Evidence
Figure 9: Unlabelled and labelled figure
Principles of Analytic Graphics
Principle 4: Integrate Evidence
I Completely integrate words, numbers, images, diagramsI Data graphics should make use of many modes of data
presentationI Don’t let the tool drive the analysis
Principle 5: Describe and document the evidence with appropriatelabels, scales, sources, etc.
I A data graphic should tell a complete story that is credibleI Same is true for a slide in a presentation
Principle 6: Content is king
I Analytical presentations ultimately stand or fall depending onthe quality, relevance, and integrity of their content
Summary
Principle 1: Show comparisons
Principle 2: Show causality, mechanism, explanation
Principle 3: Show multivariate data
Principle 4: Integrate multiple modes of evidence
Principle 5: Describe and document the evidence
Principle 6: Content is king
Reference
Edward Tufte (2006). Beautiful Evidence, Graphics Press LLC.www.edwardtufte.com