Principles of Engineering Practice

3.003

1. Final Project Topics and Teams

1.  Transportation 2050 (Mary, Max, Claire)

2.  Information 2050 (Josh, Jen) 3.  Sustainable Energy 2050 (Jes, CK)

2.  Final Project Deliverables 1.  Problem Definition 2.  Constraints 3.  Data/Analysis 4.  Solution 5.  Engineering the Future Report

Grades

Math exercise: ex

  Team and Class Participation 10%   Labs (6) and Lab Notebook 30% (15%)   Case Studies (4) 20% (10%)   Final Project 30% (60%)   Communication Skills 10%

after Learning Curve adjustments: 80% of grade depends on Final Project

Web sites

  Stellar Site   http://stellar.mit.edu/S/course/3/sp11/3.003/   Public Site   http://gpep.mit.edu/

Final Project 2050 Technology Vision Escalation of complexity and teamwork.

Timeline 1.  Background

1.  Project plan presentation (4-21-11): 2.  Issues

1.  Constraints presentation (4-24-11): variable selection; trend plots 3.  Recommendations

1.  Preliminary solution presentation (4-28-11): tradeoffs and optimization 4.  Draft Reports

1.  Submission 5-1-11; in-class review (5-3-11) 5.  Analysis

1.  Final analysis presentation (5-5-11): selection of options and compatibility with other team solutions; pentachart 6.  Recommendations

1.  Final design: unified presentation by three teams (5-10-11)

Final Project 2050 Technology Vision Escalation of complexity and teamwork.

Transportation: B-I-R-A-C and Vision 1.  Team XXX: There will be a law limiting the carbon emissions for the city of Boston. The main sources are electrical power generation and transportation. City life as we know it will end.

1.  Specify the limits? 2.  Design the new automotive power system. 3.  Design the new transportation system.

Energy: B-I-R-A-C and Vision 1.  Team XXX: There will be a law requiring a 50% reduction in energy consumption for the city of Boston. The main sources are lighting and automotive transportation.

1.  Is 50% a reasonable goal? 2.  Design the new source of local power generation.

Final Project 2050 Technology Vision Escalation of complexity and teamwork.

Information: B-I-R-A-C and Vision 1.  Team XXX: The Internet routes data in a packet-switched network. The current energy consumption by network switches is >1% of national electrical power usage. 2.  Two factors are determining the site of server farms: energy availability and intellectual capital. There is concern that security and performance will suffer in the long term.

1.  What is the main source of the power consumption? 2.  What are the projected requirements for electrical power?

3.  What are the possible performance limitations?

4.  Construct a scaling analysis for the network and information flow to 2050.

5.  Select a component for scaling power efficiency: photodetector.

6.  Envision the internet of 2050.

Problem and Constraints

Consider parallels to the ‘Big Dig’ example. Engineering began 20 years before completion, and the infrastructure is expected to last for >50years after completion. Problem definition involved projections of traffic and commerce patterns for the next 100 years.

Constraint definition involved assessment of technology capability (above, below, beside current road; staging; concurrent transportation during construction) and mediating the needs of residents, ongoing commerce and regional image.

Issues for problem definition

  Current projected US/world electricity consumption   Cumulative annual growth rate   Fraction solar; rate of deployment to reach target   Timeline for deployment   Definition of key terms   Solar electricity advantages: availability, security, reduced transmission losses, grid independence, grid load leveling   Greenhouse reduction   Markets and applications that favor solar electricity   Roles of Government, Users, Investment, Performance, Sustainability, Economic Climate, Competing Energy Sources

Issues for constraint definition   Material resources to achieve target

  Material resources to maintain target for 100 years

  Land resources: factory area; operations surface area

  Design-limiting attributes and specifications

  Environmental (manufacturing and deployment)

  Efficiency

  Infrastructure: mfg, installation, maintenance

  Return-on-Investment

  Figures-of-Merit, Estimates, Rules-of Thumb

Materials Learning Curve solar cell energy conversion efficiency

Figure-of-Merit

  Information   Data-Rate/Watt   integration vs. discrete   latency   size, weight   form factor   cost

  Transportation   miles/gallon   public vs. private   speed   size, weight   form factor   cost

Cost of Ownership

When performance and efficiency are significant factors, cost must be weighted by more than initial capital outlay.

CoO = (capital cost + operating cost)/ (yield x throughput x utilization)

Can these factors be adapted to an arbitrary piece of infrastructure?