principles of planning

LECTURE : 1BUILDING PLANNING

Prepared by,Mr. Sushant Waghmare

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BUILDING PLANNING AND DESIGN

BUILDING

Building can be defines as relatively permanent enclosed construction over a plot of land.

It has roof and usually windows. It can have more than one level. It is used for any of a wide variety of activities

such as living, entertaining or manufacturing

LECTURE 1:

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Agricultural Buildings

Commercial Buildings

Residential Buildings

Education Buildings

Government Buildings

IndustrialBuildings

TYPES OF BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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Barn Chicken Coop Green House Silo Stable

Tide mill Farm House Grainery Water mill Windmill

AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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Bank Bar Coffee House Convention Center

Grocery Store

Restaurant Sky Scraper Shop Retail Store Super Market

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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Apartment Block Asylum Condominium Dormitory

Duplex Nursing Home Villa

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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College School Museum

Library University

EDUCATION BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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Capitol City Hall Consulate Court House Embassy

Fire Station Palace Parliament Police Station

GOVERNMENT BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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Brewery Factory Foundry Power Plant

Refinery Mill Oil Rig

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGSLECTURE 1:

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To arrange all the units of a building on all floors and at level according to their functional requirements making best use of the space available for a building.

The shape of such a plan is governed by several factors such as climatic conditions, site location, accommodation requirements, local by-laws, surrounding environment, etc.

Factors to be considered in planning.

PLANNINGLECTURE 1:

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Aspect

Prospect

Privacy

Grouping

Roominess

Furniture Requirement

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

Sanitation

Flexibility

Circulation

Elegance

Economy

LECTURE 1:

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Aspect means peculiarity of the arrangement of doors and windows in the external walls of a building which allows the occupants to enjoy the natural gifts such as sunshine, breeze, scenery, etc. From the sun-diagram, it is clear that a kitchen should have an E-aspect. The dining, drawing and living rooms should have a S-aspect or S-E-

aspect.

ASPECTLECTURE 1:

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Prospect is the impression that house is likely to make on person who looks at it from out-side.

PROSPECTLECTURE 1:

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Privacy is one of the important principles in the planning of buildings. Privacy requires consideration in two ways: Privacy of one room from another.Privacy of all parts of a building from the neighboring

buildings, public streets and by-ways.

PRIVACYLECTURE 1:

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Grouping means the arrangement of various rooms in a typical fashion so that all the rooms are placed in proper correlating of their functions and in proximity with each other.

For example, in a residential building, dining room must be close to the kitchen; at the same time kitchen should be away from the drawing or the main living room, otherwise kitchen smells and smoke would detract them for their usefulness.

GROUPINGLECTURE 1:

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Roominess is the effect produced by deriving the maximum benefit from the minimum dimensions of a room.

For utility a rectangular room is better than a square room of the same floor area.

Length to breadth ratio should be 1.2:1 to 1.5:1

ROOMINESSLECTURE 1:

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During planning location of furniture, it should be so arranged in the room so as to give maximum area for movements, operating doors and window shutters.

FURNITURE REQUIREMENTSLECTURE 1:

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Sanitation consists of providing ample light, ventilation, facilities for cleaning and sanitary conveniences in the following manner:(i) Light: - Light has two-fold significance, firstly it illuminates and secondly from hygienic point of view. Light in interior buildings may be provided by natural or artificial lighting. Glare in light distracts and disables the vision and hence the source of glare may be avoided.

Generally, the minimum window area fir proper lighting should not be less than 1/10th of floor area.(ii) Ventilation: - It is the supply of outside air into the building. Poor ventilation or lack of fresh air in building, always produces headache, sleepiness, inability to fix attention, etc.

SANITATIONLECTURE 1:

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(iii) Cleanliness and sanitary conveniences: - Some provisions to facilitate cleaning and prevention of dust

are necessary in planningSanitary conveniences include the provision of bathrooms, water closets, lavatories, latrines, urinals, etc. in a building. Provision of such conveniences is not an optional matter but is a statutory requirement.

CONT…..LECTURE 1:

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To facilitate accommodation of changes in the plan of the building in future if necessary

ROOM 1 ROOM 2BIG HALL

FLEXIBILITYLECTURE 1:

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Circulation means the movement space provided on the same floor either between the rooms or with in the room (horizontal circulation) and between the different floors through stairs or lifts (vertical circulation).

CIRCULATION

DOOR

DOOR

BAD CIRCULATION GOOD CIRCULATION

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

LECTURE 1:

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VERTICAL CIRCULATION

STUDYKITCHEN

BED VER

LIVING

CONT….LECTURE 1:

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Elegance is the effect produce by the elevation and general layout of the plan. The elevation, therefore, should speak out the internal facts and be indicative of the character.Elevation should be impressive and should be developed together with the plan simultaneously. With the economy limitations, elevations should be aesthetically good and attractive.

ELEGANCELECTURE 1:

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The planner should know beforehand the amount of money within which construction shall have to be completed and the plan shall have to be finalized accordingly.

ECONOMYLECTURE 1:

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BUILDING PLANNING AND DESIGNLECTURE 1:

principles of planning

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