principles of planning lecture 1 (principles-historical
TRANSCRIPT
Principles of Planning
Lecture 1
(Principles-Historical Review)
BY MOHAMED AL ROZNAMACHY 2
Urban Planning
It is identifying suitable land-uses and their compatibility to achieve the
principle of sustainability and quality of life .
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Architecture Urban Deign Urban Planning
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Urban Planning Scale Whole neighborhoods,
districts & cities
Focusing Community Facilities & Utility
Space Treatment
Almost 2D
Time Frame
Long Term (5to 20 years)
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Scale Spaces between buildings: streets, parks.
Focusing Aesthetic and functional
Space Treatment
3D
Time Frame
Short-term (<5 years)
Urban Deign
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ArchitectureScale Individual building
Focusing Aesthetic and functional
Space Treatment
2D & 3D
Time Frame
Non Definite time frame
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1. Babylon Era : Ziggurat, a temple in the core of the city, were simple raised
platforms . The top of the ziggurat was flat, unlike many pyramids.
Historical Review: Eras of Cities
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Planning characteristics of
Babylon city :
1.Wide grid streets end in main gates
of the city.
2. Temples, royal palace, and
Ziggurats, located in the center of the
city.
3. Eight main streets with 8 main
gates.
4. About (10.000 P) lived in the city.
&Thick wall surrounded the city.
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2. Egyptian Era :
Pharaonic City was
categorized based on
people’s conditions as:
• Royal city
• Commercial and
& Administrative Cities.
• Military Cities.
• Labor's Cities.
• Temples and tombs.
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Planning characteristics of
Pharaonic city :
1.Rectangular Blocks .
2.Temples and royal palace were in the
heart of the city.
3.Human scale was considered to determine
the distance between streets.
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3. Greek Era:
- Environment, Climate, Nature, Philosophy were
the main parameters that had a big effect on their city
planning.
- The Agora was an open “Place of Assembly" in an
ancient Greek city. Early in Greek history citizens
gather in the agora for military duty or to hear
statements of the ruling king or council.
- Later, the Agora served as a marketplace where
merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods
under colonnades.
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Planning characteristics of
Greek city :
1. Gridded Greek cities were subdivided by a
system of wide main roads (Plateau) and
narrow streets (Steno poi).
- In most grids the streets intersected at right
angles (orthogonal grids).
2. Boundary walls built to match the
topography.
3. Temples built on highest points of the city
and oriented to East
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4. Roman Era:
The Roman Forum was the political and economical center of Rome during the
Republic.
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Planning characteristics of
Roman city :
1.Regular grid network system.
2. Two-main streets divide/split the city into 4
zones.
3.Squares/rectangular zones: measurement
unit (120) Sq.ft.
4. Forum acts similar to the agora in Greek
Era.
5.Symmetrical Zones.
6. Public Buildings were located in the center.
7. Boundary walls were constructed regardless
the topography.
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5. Europe Era :
Planning characteristics of
Europe cities
1-Different cities found as
follows:
•A city was gradually developed
because of its location.
Vincie City, Torino (Italy) ,
Mannheim, Rothenberg
(Germany) ,
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2. A city was developed upon
Roman City, but the regular Roman
streets disappeared.
- CHESTER CITY (England) &
- KREUZNCH CITY(Germany).
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3. A city with non-straight streets.
- ROTFIL(Italy) and Newburgh
city (UK)
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4. A city with main 3-parallel
streets.
- Bern City (Switzerland )
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5. A city with radial and ring
roads.
-NORDLINGEN City (Germany)
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6. A city with circular form but straight streets.
- GRASEE City, STRASBOURG City (France)
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6. Islamic Era :
Planning characteristics of Islamic
cities
1-Different Adjacent court-house
buildings.
2-The market (Souq) in the heart of the
city. It was designed to not allow vehicles
to enter the city. (Non-wide streets)
3-Mosque with a huge open space located
in the heart of the city.
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6. Islamic Era :
Planning characteristics of
Islamic cities
4- Protecting boundary.
5-The castle in the heart of the city.
6- Arcades offer nice accessibility
and shadowed spaces.
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6. Renaissance Era :
Planning characteristics of Renaissance cities Alberti’s Planning Theory:
1. Location selection: water, wind, natural resources
2. Streets, public spaces, boundaries, canals, bridges, etc cover the city.
3. City size and public spaces: appropriate.
4. Streets inside the city curved and end in an important element.
5. Classify the city into residential and industrial zones; also the
residential into different zones based on people's ranks.
6. The Church (religious activities) in the heart and has best shape and
wide surrounding streets.
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7.Streets cross the city should
be protected.
8. Plaza best proportion is
6:3:1 (Length: width: Height)
Thank you
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