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FFuunnddaammeennttaallss ooff DDeessiiggnnRelease 2001

T781-320-04

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CopyrightFundamentals of Design

Copyright 2001 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

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PRINTING HISTORYDocument No. Date Description

T781-320-01 06/26/01 Initial Printing of Fundamentals of Design for Release 2001

T781-320-02 08/22/01 Revisions to Fundamentals of Design for Release 2001



Order Number DT-781-320-EN

Printed in U.S.A


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In addition, you can access the PTC Web site at www.ptc.com. Our Web sitecontains the latest training schedules, registration information, directions to trainingfacilities, and course descriptions. You can also find general information aboutPTC, Pro/ENGINEER, Consulting Services, Customer Support, andPro/PARTNERS.


Precision LearningTHE PRECISION LEARNING METHODOLOGYPTC Global Services is dedicated to continually providing the student with an effective,comprehensive learning experience. Toward this goal, PTC developed Precision Learning,which matches the right training to the right people at the right time using the right method.

Precision Learning is based on a three stage LearnAssessImprove methodology.

Stage 1: LEARNThe student attends a PTC training course, including any:

Instructor-led training course at a PTC training center. On-site training course. Customized training course. Web-based training (WBT) course.

Stage 2: ASSESSThe impact of a training course is assessed using the Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator. !"


Precision LearningStage 3: IMPROVEThe Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator findings enable customers to identify areas for improvement.The training wizard will direct customers to the appropriate class based on their jobresponsibilities.

Customers have access to a range of resources that include:

Internal and external user groups PTC technical support resources Web-based courses and lessons

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTThe Precision Learning methodology provides a continuous cycle of knowledge expansion andimprovement.


Precision LearningPRECISION LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOMThe LearnAssessImprove Precision Learning methodology is also implemented in selected PTCinstructor-led courses. Throughout the class, students will take Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator assessments to evaluatetheir own comprehension. The group results are also used to identify areas for the instructor to review with theclass as a whole. At the end of the class, each student will complete an Education Circuit form. This EducationCircuit is the students action plan, identifying topics for improvement, as well as the steps to take in order toenhance the skills in those areas.

The following pages provide a sample Education Circuit action plan, and a blank action plan.Instructions for using the Education Circuit action plan will be discussed in the course.


Precision LearningEDUCATION CIRCUIT EXAMPLEThe following is an example of a students Education Circuit at the end of the Introduction toPro/ENGINEER training class.

Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator Exam ResultsAfter reviewing the results of the Evaluator exams for this course, the following lists thequestions I answered incorrectly and need to research further:Question Improve ActionWeak and strong dimensions Practice creating simple features with the desired

dimensioning scheme.Web Lesson Dimensioning Scheme

Draft Features See colleague at work for advice and product examples.Configuration file options Consult company user group for guidelines.

Class Evaluation Form TopicsAfter reviewing the questions on the class Evaluation form, the following lists the topics Ineed to research further:Objective Improve ActionSetting up the default view of a part Practice on simple parts using different sketching planes

and reference planes.Creating sweeps Web Lesson Swept FormsResolve Mode Create some simple models and make them fail.Resolve Mode Web lesson Resolve Mode

Future CoursesAfter reviewing the Role Based Training guidelines, the following lists the coursesrecommended to improve my skills and enhance my job performance:Next Courses Next CoursesFundamentals of DesignDesigning with Surfaces


Precision LearningPro/FICIENCY Evaluator Exam ResultsAfter reviewing the results of the Evaluator exams for this course, the following lists thequestions I answered incorrectly and need to research further:Question Improve Action

Class Evaluation Form TopicsAfter reviewing the questions on the class Evaluation form, the following lists the topics Ineed to research further:Objective Improve Action

Future CoursesAfter reviewing the Role Based Training guidelines, the following lists the coursesrecommended to improve my skills and enhance my job performance:Next Courses Next Courses


Training AgendaFundamentals of DesignDay 1

Advanced Sketching and GeometryDrafts and RoundsCreating Advanced GeometrySurface Creation and Style Features

Day 2

Family Tables and InheritanceAdvanced Part Tools and PatternsLocal Groups and User-Defined FeaturesAdvanced Assembly Tools

Day 3

Simplified Representations and ShrinkwrapTop-Down Design and LayoutsDesigning with SkeletonsSkeletons with Mapped Geometry

Day 4

Managing ReferencesProject Part I: Design IntentProject Part II: Skeleton DesignProject Part III: Creating Final AssemblyDay 5

Project Part IV: Completing Final AssemblyResolving FailuresPro/PROGRAMMechanism and Design AnimationCreating Photorealistic Images


Table of ContentsFundamentals of Design

Advanced Sketching and Geometry 1-1DEFINING ADVANCED GEOMETRY SKETCHING ...................................................1-2

Creating an Axis Normal to the Sketching Plane............................................................... 1-2Sketching Conic Entities.................................................................................................... 1-2Creating Elliptical Fillets ................................................................................................... 1-5Creating Splines ................................................................................................................. 1-6Replacing Sketched Entities............................................................................................... 1-7Replacing Dimensions ....................................................................................................... 1-8Inserting and Modifying Sketcher Text ............................................................................. 1-8

LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................1-10EXERCISE 1: Working with Splines............................................................................... 1-11EXERCISE 2: Advanced Sketch and Text Functionality ................................................ 1-17EXERCISE 3: Creating the Go Cart Mirror Housing ...................................................... 1-24

OPTIONAL EXERCISE ..................................................................................................1-31OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Importing External Spline Data........................................... 1-31

MODULE SUMMARY....................................................................................................1-35

Drafts and Rounds 2-1CREATING DRAFTS........................................................................................................2-2

Guidelines for Using Drafts ............................................................................................... 2-2Defining a Draft Feature .................................................................................................... 2-3Creating Neutral Plane Drafts ............................................................................................ 2-4Creating Neutral Curve Drafts ........................................................................................... 2-5

CREATING ROUNDS.......................................................................................................2-6Defining Simple Rounds.................................................................................................... 2-6Selecting Round Feature References.................................................................................. 2-7Creating Advanced Rounds................................................................................................ 2-9Creating Round Sets......................................................................................................... 2-10

DEVELOPING GEOMETRY WITH ROUNDS .............................................................2-12LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................2-13

EXERCISE 1: Inserting Neutral Plane Drafts.................................................................. 2-13EXERCISE 2: Creating Advanced Rounds ..................................................................... 2-21


EXERCISE 3: Creating Intent Chains..............................................................................2-32OPTIONAL EXERCISES................................................................................................ 2-39

OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Inserting Neutral Curve Drafts ............................................2-39OPTIONAL EXERCISE 2: Creating Advanced Drafts ...................................................2-44OPTIONAL EXERCISE 3: Creating Simple and Advanced Rounds ..............................2-49

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 2-54

Creating Advanced Geometry 3-1CREATING SWEPT BLENDS ......................................................................................... 3-2

Creating Spines...................................................................................................................3-2Using Swept Blends ...........................................................................................................3-3

CREATING VARIABLE SECTION SWEEPS ................................................................ 3-3Creating Normal-to-Original Spines ..................................................................................3-3Defining Shapes with Additional Trajectories ...................................................................3-4Using Variable Section Sweeps..........................................................................................3-7Orienting Cross-Sections....................................................................................................3-8

CREATING HELICAL SWEEPS ..................................................................................... 3-9LABORATORY PRACTICAL ....................................................................................... 3-13

EXERCISE 1: Using Swept Blends .................................................................................3-13EXERCISE 2: Creating Variable Section Sweep Reference Curves................................3-22

OPTIONAL EXERCISE.................................................................................................. 3-30OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Controlling Cuts with Datum Graph Features .....................3-30

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 3-31

Surface Creation and Style Feature 4-1USING SURFACES IN MODEL DESIGN ...................................................................... 4-2

Advantages of Using Surfaces............................................................................................4-2DEFINING SURFACE OPTIONS .................................................................................... 4-2

Working in Part Mode........................................................................................................4-2Open Ends versus Capped Ends .........................................................................................4-4Creating Merged Surfaces ..................................................................................................4-4

CREATING SOLID FEATURES...................................................................................... 4-5DEFINING ISDX............................................................................................................... 4-5

Using the Style Feature ......................................................................................................4-6Parallel Modeling ...............................................................................................................4-7

USING ISDX ..................................................................................................................... 4-8Creating 2-D and 3-D Curves.............................................................................................4-8Creating Curves on Surfaces ..............................................................................................4-9Creating Styling Models...................................................................................................4-10Creating Freeform Surfaces..............................................................................................4-10


Creating Blends and Transitions ...................................................................................... 4-11Using Style Surfaces in Engineering Models................................................................... 4-12

LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................4-13EXERCISE 1: Creating Cuts Using Surfaces .................................................................. 4-14EXERCISE 2: Applying Variable Section Sweeps.......................................................... 4-21EXERCISE 3: Creating Style Surfaces............................................................................ 4-30

OPTIONAL EXERCISE ..................................................................................................4-39OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Completing the Flashlight ................................................... 4-39

MODULE SUMMARY....................................................................................................4-45

Family Tables and Inheritance Features 5-1USING FAMILY TABLES................................................................................................5-2

Family Table Structure....................................................................................................... 5-3CREATING FAMILY TABLES........................................................................................5-4

Creating the Generic Model ............................................................................................... 5-4Creating the Table.............................................................................................................. 5-5

MODIFYING FAMILY TABLES .....................................................................................5-8DEFINING FAMILY TABLE OPTIONS........................................................................5-12DEFINING INHERITANCE FEATURES.......................................................................5-12

Using Inheritance Features............................................................................................... 5-13Capabilities ...................................................................................................................... 5-13Creating Inheritance Features .......................................................................................... 5-13

LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................5-16EXERCISE 1: Creating Part Family Tables .................................................................... 5-17EXERCISE 2: Using Inheritance Features....................................................................... 5-24EXERCISE 3: Inheritance Feature in New Models ......................................................... 5-27

OPTIONAL EXERCISE ..................................................................................................5-29OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Creating Assembly Family Tables ...................................... 5-29

MODULE SUMMARY....................................................................................................5-34

Advanced Part Tools and Patterns 6-1ADVANCED COMPONENT OPERATIONS ..................................................................6-2

Creating Part Intersections ................................................................................................. 6-2Merging and Cutting Out Parts .......................................................................................... 6-2Creating Mirrored Parts ..................................................................................................... 6-3Creating Assembly-Level Features .................................................................................... 6-4

USING PATTERNING ......................................................................................................6-6Creating Dimension Patterns.............................................................................................. 6-7Creating Pattern Tables...................................................................................................... 6-7Creating Patterns in Assembly Mode............................................................................... 6-11


LABORATORY PRACTICAL ....................................................................................... 6-12EXERCISE 1: Mirroring the Knuckle Part ......................................................................6-13EXERCISE 2: Creating Assembly Features.....................................................................6-16EXERCISE 3: Creating Pattern Tables ............................................................................6-19EXERCISE 4: Patterning Components in Assembly Mode .............................................6-22

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 6-25

Local Groups and User-Defined Features 7-1LOCAL GROUPS.............................................................................................................. 7-2

Manipulating Groups..........................................................................................................7-2USER-DEFINED FEATURES .......................................................................................... 7-5

Creating UDFs....................................................................................................................7-5LABORATORY PRACTICAL ......................................................................................... 7-9

EXERCISE 1: Creating Local Groups .............................................................................7-10EXERCISE 2: Using Group Options................................................................................7-13EXERCISE 3: Creating UDFs..........................................................................................7-23EXERCISE 4: Placing UDFs ...........................................................................................7-26

OPTIONAL EXCERCISE ............................................................................................... 7-30OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Adding the Splined UDF to the Hub ..................................7-30

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 7-34

Advanced Assembly Tools 8-1MODIFYING ASSEMBLIES............................................................................................ 8-2

Modifying Subassemblies ..................................................................................................8-2Repositioning Components ................................................................................................8-3Replacing Components.......................................................................................................8-4Repeating Component Placement.......................................................................................8-7Creating Exploded Views...................................................................................................8-7EXERCISE 1: Restructuring the Carburetor ....................................................................8-10EXERCISE 2: Replacing the Brake Hub Assembly Components....................................8-16EXERCISE 3: Repeating Components.............................................................................8-23

OPTIONAL EXERCISE.................................................................................................. 8-27OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Creating Exploded Views and Dynamic Repositioning ......8-27

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 8-38

Simplified Representations & Shrinkwrap 9-1SIMPLIFIED REPRESENTATIONS................................................................................ 9-2

Simplified Representation Types........................................................................................9-2CREATING SIMPLIFIED REPS ...................................................................................... 9-5


Creating Customized Representations ............................................................................... 9-5Specifying the Default Rule ............................................................................................... 9-5Defining Action for Components....................................................................................... 9-6Selecting Components........................................................................................................ 9-6Creating Rules.................................................................................................................... 9-7Selection Rules................................................................................................................... 9-8

SUBSTITUTING COMPONENTS....................................................................................9-9Selecting Components for Substitution.............................................................................. 9-9Substitution using Envelopes ............................................................................................. 9-9Envelope Methods............................................................................................................ 9-10Other Substitution Options............................................................................................... 9-13

SHRINKWRAP................................................................................................................9-16Shrinkwrap Capabilities................................................................................................... 9-16

SHRINKWRAP TYPES...................................................................................................9-17Exported Shrinkwrap Models .......................................................................................... 9-17Associative Shrinkwrap Features..................................................................................... 9-22

LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................9-24EXERCISE 1: Creating Assembly Simplified Reps ........................................................ 9-24EXERCISE 2: Using Shrinkwrap and Substitution in Simplified Reps........................... 9-33

OPTIONAL EXERCISE ..................................................................................................9-41OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Creating Part Level Simplified Reps................................... 9-41

MODULE SUMMARY....................................................................................................9-46

Top-Down Design and Layouts 10-1DEFINING TOP-DOWN DESIGN TECHNIQUES........................................................10-2

Identifying Design Intent ................................................................................................. 10-2Using Assembly Structures .............................................................................................. 10-2Using Assembly Skeletons............................................................................................... 10-5Copying Reference Geometry between Models............................................................... 10-5

USING PRO/ENGINEER LAYOUT...............................................................................10-6Capturing the Design Process .......................................................................................... 10-7Creating Engineering Notebooks ..................................................................................... 10-7Sketching Designs............................................................................................................ 10-7Controlling Designs with Global Information.................................................................. 10-8Linking Parts to Layouts ................................................................................................ 10-11Using Global Dimensions .............................................................................................. 10-11Capturing Design Intent ................................................................................................. 10-12

LABORATORY PRACTICAL......................................................................................10-13EXERCISE 1: Using Layouts ........................................................................................ 10-13EXERCISE 2: Developing Layouts ............................................................................... 10-18


MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 10-30

Designing with Skeletons 11-1USING SKELETON PARTS........................................................................................... 11-2

Creating the Skeleton .......................................................................................................11-4Relating Assembly Components to Skeletons ..................................................................11-4Using Skeleton Geometry for Modeling...........................................................................11-5

LABORATORY PRACTICAL ....................................................................................... 11-7EXERCISE 1: Building the Motor Skeleton ....................................................................11-8EXERCISE 2: Creating the Crank Model ......................................................................11-14EXERCISE 3: Using the Skeleton to Complete the Assembly ......................................11-20

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 11-23

Skeletons with Mapped Geometry 12-1USING SKELETONS WITH MAPPED GEOMETRY .................................................. 12-2

Constructing Mapped Skeletons.......................................................................................12-2Using Model Geometry ....................................................................................................12-3Using the Mapped Skeleton at the Subassembly Level ....................................................12-5

LABORATORY PRACTICAL ....................................................................................... 12-6EXERCISE 1: Creating a Map Skeleton ..........................................................................12-6EXERCISE 2: Mapping the Exhaust..............................................................................12-11

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 12-15

Managing References 13-1DEFINING THE PARENT/CHILD RELATIONSHIP................................................... 13-2

Benefits of Designing with External References..............................................................13-2Creating Dependencies.....................................................................................................13-2

INTERROGATING EXISTING OBJECTS.................................................................... 13-4Info Pull-Down Menu.......................................................................................................13-4Model Tree Tool...............................................................................................................13-4Global Reference Viewer .................................................................................................13-5

CONTROLLING INTERDEPENDENCIES ................................................................... 13-6Setting Object-Specific Reference Control ......................................................................13-6Reference Control Settings...............................................................................................13-7

LABORATORY PRACTICAL ....................................................................................... 13-9EXERCISE 1: Modifying the Piston ................................................................................13-9EXERCISE 2: Breaking External References ................................................................13-14EXERCISE 3: Interrogating the Suspension Assembly .................................................13-20

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 13-23


Project Part 1: Design Intent 14-1PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND REQUIREMENTS .....................................................14-2

Scenario ........................................................................................................................... 14-2Design Requirements ....................................................................................................... 14-5

LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................14-6EXERCISE 1: Capturing Initial Design Intent................................................................. 14-6EXERCISE 2: Developing Initial Product Structure ..................................................... 14-12

Project Part II: Skeleton Design 15-1EXERCISE 1: Creating the Basic Skeleton ..................................................................... 15-2EXERCISE 2: Creating Skeleton Features for Motion .................................................... 15-6EXERCISE 3: Creating Skeleton Features for Space Claims ........................................ 15-13EXERCISE 4: Creating Skeleton Features for Interfaces .............................................. 15-17

Project Part III: Creating Components 16-1EXERCISE 1: Communicating Layout Information to the Skeleton............................... 16-2EXERCISE 2: Creating Features in the Main Base Part.................................................. 16-3EXERCISE 3: Creating Features in the Support_Arm Part ............................................. 16-8EXERCISE 4: Creating Features in the Link Part ......................................................... 16-12EXERCISE 5: Creating Features in the Drive_Arm Part............................................... 16-15

Project Part IV: Completing the Assembly 17-1EXERCISE 1: Creating Features in the Housing_Rear Part ............................................ 17-2EXERCISE 2: Completing the Assembly Population...................................................... 17-5

OPTIONAL EXERCISES ..............................................................................................17-10OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Completing the Blades ...................................................... 17-10OPTIONAL EXERCISE 2: Using Behavioral Modeling .............................................. 17-14OPTIONAL EXERCISE 3: Creating a Pedestal Part .................................................... 17-17OPTIONAL EXERCISE 4: Finishing a Model ............................................................. 17-18OPTIONAL EXERCISE 5: Creating Exploded States .................................................. 17-20OPTIONAL EXERCISE 6: Testing Size Requirements................................................ 17-21

Resolving Failures 18-1DEFINING REGENERATION FAILURE......................................................................18-2USING THE RESOLVE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................18-2

Examples of Regeneration Problems ............................................................................... 18-4LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................18-8

EXERCISE 1: Resolving Failures ................................................................................... 18-8EXERCISE 2: Resolving Assembly Failures................................................................. 18-16


MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 18-22

Pro/PROGRAM 19-1USING PRO/PROGRAM................................................................................................ 19-2

Defining the Program Structure........................................................................................19-2Automating the Part Design Process ................................................................................19-2Automating the Assembly Design Process.......................................................................19-6Incorporating Changes into the Program..........................................................................19-8Running the Program........................................................................................................19-9Editing the Program..........................................................................................................19-9Manipulating Features Using Pro/PROGRAM ..............................................................19-10

LABORATORY PRACTICAL ..................................................................................... 19-11EXERCISE 1: Automating Part Design .........................................................................19-11

OPTIONAL EXERCISE................................................................................................ 19-20OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Automating Assembly Design...........................................19-20

MODULE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 19-26

Mechanism & Design Animation 20-1DEFINING MECHANISM ANIMATION...................................................................... 20-2CREATING MECHANISM ASSEMBLIES................................................................... 20-3

Comparing Connections to Constraints ............................................................................20-3Selecting a Connection Type............................................................................................20-3

SIMULATING MOTION ................................................................................................ 20-4Dragging Assembly Components.....................................................................................20-4Drivers and Motion...........................................................................................................20-4Selecting a Driver .............................................................................................................20-5

IMPLEMENTING MECHANISM .................................................................................. 20-6Mechanism Design without Cam and Slot Connections...................................................20-6Mechanism Design with Cam and Slot Connections........................................................20-8

DEFINING DESIGN ANIMATION ............................................................................... 20-9DESIGN ANIMATION CAPABILITIES ..................................................................... 20-10

Integrated and associative...............................................................................................20-10Key frame sequences......................................................................................................20-10Animation Tools.............................................................................................................20-11Animation Manager........................................................................................................20-12Mechanism Re-use .........................................................................................................20-12

LABORATORY EXERCISES ...................................................................................... 20-13EXERCISE 1: Creating a Basic Mechanism ..................................................................20-14

OPTIONAL EXERCISES.............................................................................................. 20-22OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Completing the Fan Mechanism........................................20-22


OPTIONAL EXERCISE 2: Creating an Animation ...................................................... 20-26MODULE SUMMARY..................................................................................................20-43

Creating Photorealistic Images 21-1CREATING PHOTOREALISTIC IMAGES ...................................................................21-2

PhotoRender Interface...................................................................................................... 21-2SETTING UP A SCENE ..................................................................................................21-2

Setting up Views and Room............................................................................................. 21-3Defining and Setting Appearances................................................................................... 21-5Setting up Lights .............................................................................................................. 21-6

RENDERING A SCENE..................................................................................................21-7LABORATORY PRACTICAL........................................................................................21-9

EXERCISE 1: Using PhotoRender ................................................................................ 21-10MODULE SUMMARY..................................................................................................21-17

Using PTC Help A-1PTC HELP OVERVIEW...................................................................................................A-2

PTC Help Features ............................................................................................................ A-2USING PRO/ENGINEER HELP ......................................................................................A-2

Launching Help: Four Methods ........................................................................................ A-2There are four procedures for launching the help system. ................................................ A-2

PTC HELP MODULES.....................................................................................................A-7

PTC Global Services: Technical Support B-1FINDING THE TECHNICAL SUPPORT WEB PAGE...................................................B-2OPENING TECHNICAL SUPPORT CALLS ..................................................................B-2

Opening Technical Support Calls via E-mail.................................................................... B-2Opening Technical Support Calls via Telephone.............................................................. B-3Opening Technical Support Calls via the Web ................................................................. B-3Sending Data Files to PTC Technical Support.................................................................. B-3Routing Your Technical Support Calls ............................................................................. B-4Technical Support Call Priorities ...................................................................................... B-5Software Performance Report Priorities ........................................................................... B-5

REGISTERING FOR ON-LINE SUPPORT.....................................................................B-5ONLINE SERVICES.........................................................................................................B-6FINDING ANSWERS IN THE KNOWLEDGE BASE ...................................................B-6

Terminology used by Technical Support .......................................................................... B-7GETTING UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ....................................................................B-8CONTACT INFORMATION............................................................................................B-9


PTC Technical Support Worldwide Electronic Services................................................... B-9Telephone ........................................................................................................................ B-10

ELECTRONIC SERVICES ............................................................................................ B-14

Using the Pro/FICIENCY Evaluator C-1TECHNOLOGY-BASED LEARNING @ PTC............................................................... C-2PRO/FICIENCY EVALUATOR ...................................................................................... C-2ASSESSMENT CRITERIA.............................................................................................. C-3

EXERCISE 1: Completing Evaluator Assessments .......................................................... C-4MODULE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... C-7

INDEXI-1


1

Module

Advanced Sketching and GeometryIn this module you learn how to create and modify advancedgeometric entities.

Objectives

After completing this module, you will be able to:

Create ellipses, conics, axis points, and fillets. Sketch and dimension splines. Modify splines, while defining tangency conditions. Use the Replace and Text options.


2 Fundamenta ls of Des ign

NOTES

DEFINING ADVANCED GEOMETRY SKETCHINGFor most common sketching purposes, simple sketched entities such asarcs, lines, and circles are sufficient. To create complex shapes, you needadvanced geometry sketching options.

Advanced sketching options include:

Axes that are normal to the sketching plane through a particular point

Conics for constructing elliptical, parabolic, and hyperbolic sections Elliptic fillets (a fillet between two sketched entities) Splines

Creating an Axis Normal to the Sketching PlaneUsing the Axis Point option, you can create an axis that is normal to thesketching plane through a particular point. This type of axis is not a datumaxis feature; it is an axis within the sketched feature. It is similar to thetype of axis that the system creates automatically when you extrudecylinders.

Sketching Conic EntitiesUsing the Conic option, you can create conic sketched entities to constructelliptical, parabolic, and hyperbolic sections. To construct a conic, selectone endpoint, select another endpoint, and then select a third intermediatepoint, as you would do to construct a 3-point arc.

Entering Parameter Values

To define the shape of a conic, you can specify a value for the parameterRho, which is the ratio of BE/DE, where segments AE = EC, as shownin the following figure.


Advanced Sketching and Geom et ry Page 1-3

NOTES

Figure 1: Definition of RHO

You can use values for the conic parameter between .05 and .95. Thefollowing values have specific significance.

.05 to .5 to .95: Hyperbolic round

Constraining Conic Sections

To constrain the conic section, you can use the following three constraints:

The positions of the two endpoints determined by dimensions orassumptions of coincidence with adjacent entity vertices.

A rho parametercreated in the same manner as a radius dimension. The slope of the conic at each endpoint, determined by angular

dimensions or assumptions of tangency to adjacent entities orcenterlines.

A E C

D

B



NOTES

Figure 2: Using a Rho Value

Using Sketcher Points

You can constrain a conic by locating two endpoints and providing a third,intermediate known point through which the conic must pass. The knownpoint can be, for example, a sketched point, datum point, or part vertex.Pro/ENGINEER internally defines the value of rho.

The following figure illustrates the required dimensioning scheme.

Figure 3: Using a Sketcher Point



NOTES

Creating Elliptical FilletsUsing the Elliptic Fillet option, you can sketch a fillet between twosketched entities. You use the same method that you would used to createa radius fillet. You must locate the endpoints of the elliptic section byusing linear dimensions or x and y radius values.

Figure 4: Dimensioning Schemes of Elliptic Fillets



NOTES

Creating SplinesSplines are curves that pass smoothly through any number of intermediatepoints. You can create them by using the Spline option.

To control the shape of the spline, you can dimension any of the internalpoints, as well as the tangency angle and radius of curvature at the splineends.

Sketching Splines

To create a spline, you can:

Sketch points. Select existing Sketcher points. Select a chain of previously sketched entities.

Using Control Polygons

You can also use the Control Poly option to generate a control polygon,as illustrated in the following figure.

Figure 5: Spline with Control Polygon



NOTES

Note:

When you use Select Points to create a spline by selectingexisting Sketcher points, there is no further link between thepoints and the spline.

If you do not delete the sketched or imported points at thesystem prompt, then you must dimension the individualSketcher points.

Modifying Splines

The modification options available for sketched splines are different fromthe options available for other sketched features. You can drag thesketcher points; or you can modify the internal control polygon.

Figure 6: Modify Spline Dialog Box

Replacing Sketched EntitiesIf you attempt to delete a sketched entity with child references whenredefining a sketched feature, a warning message displays cautioningagainst the deletion of a parent entity.

Alternatively, to avoid feature failure, the geometry can be replaced by anewly sketched entity.



NOTES

When an entity is redefined, one part of it retains the old entity identifier,and the other part gets a new identifier. To retain the children, you can usethis new entity to replace the old one.

Replacing DimensionsDimensions to the old entity can usually de deleted without consequence.However, you can also replace a dimension.

When you delete a dimension and create a new one to redefine thedimensioning scheme, the system changes the symbol names (that is, SD#in Sketcher mode and D# in PART mode).

Note:

To determine the dimension of an existing feature, you cancreate a Known dimension in Sketcher. The system assigns ita symbolic name in the form KD#. You can use it to createsection relations, but keep in mind that a known dimensioncreates a parent/child relationship to the geometry that youselect to create it.

Inserting and Modifying Sketcher TextYou can use the TEXT dialog box to insert text onto sketched entities, andto modify text styles as well.

Figure 7: Text Dialog Box



NOTES

The TEXT dialog box has the following fields:

Font The standard fonts are cal_alf, cal_grek, filled, font, font3d,isofont, leroy, and norm_font.

Note:

To make additional, third-party fonts available for selection,set the pro_font_dir configuration option by specifying the fullpath to the font directory.

Aspect Ratio Enter the new aspect ratio factor or use the slider tomodify the value.

Slant Angle This option affects how the text is slanted with respectto the sides of the rectangle that contains it.

Place Along Curve Select the check box to add or remove text froma curve. Use the Flip option to determine the orientation of the textalong a curve.



NOTES

LABORATORY PRACTICAL

Goal

In this laboratory you learn additional methods for creating sketchedentities.

Method

In Exercise 1, you work with splines to create a model using varioussketching tools.

In Exercise 2, you work with elliptic fillets and sketched text. You alsoreplace sketched entities.

In Exercise 3, you demonstrate the procedure for creating anddimensioning a conic by saving the conic as a section and then creatingsolid geometry from the section.

Tools

Table 1: Advanced Sketching Icons

Icons DescriptionCreate a spline curve through several points

Create reference coordinate system

Insert collinear constraint

Insert constraints

Sketch datum curve

Toggle datum plane

Toggle dimensions

Dynamic trim

Make two entities tangent

Select primary items

Sketch circular fillet

Sketch elliptical fillet



NOTES

Icons DescriptionToggle datum axes

Select geometry

Sketch a conic

Sketch text

Sketch ellipse

Divide section

Symmetry constraintMirror geometry

EXERCISE 1: Working with Splines

Task 1. Sketch a spline.

1. Set your working directory to the folder that corresponds to thename of the current module.

2. Create a new part called SPLINE using the default template.

3. Select the FRONT Datum. Click [Insert sketched datum curve].

4. Close the REFERENCES dialog box. Toggle off .

5. Sketch two circles and a rectangle, as shown in the followingfigure.



NOTES

Figure 8: Sketching Two Circles and a Rectangle

6. Click [Toggle dimensions].

7. Click [Dynamic trim] and trim all but the following:

Figure 9: Trimming Geometric Entities

8. Click to sketch the spline. Select the points shown in theprevious figure.

9. Constrain the left side tangent using [Tangential constraint].



NOTES

Figure 10: Adding Constraints

10. Select the spline. Click > Modify.

11. Click Add. Select a few points on the spline.

12. Click Move. Move the points around approximately, as shown inthe following figure.

Figure 11: Moving Sketch Points

13. Click Create Control Poly.

Note:

This polygon or the original spline points could bedimensioned.



NOTES

14. Click Delete Control Poly.

15. Click Display Curvature. Move few points to see the effect oncurvature.

Figure 12: Moving Points

16. Clear Display Curvature. Click from the MOD SPLINE dialogbox.

17. Click to display dimensions. Complete the dimension schemeas shown in the following figure.

Note:

Not all spline points need to be dimensioned.



NOTES

Figure 13: Displaying Dimensions

Task 2. Create a tangency angle dimension on the right tip of the spline.

1. Click . Select the spline, the vertical line and then select theright tip of the spline.

2. Click to place the angle dimension.

3. Select the angle dimension. Click . Increase the sensitivityslider to . Use the wheel button to dynamically modify the angle.

4. Type [180] for the angle. Click .

5. Sketch a vertical centerline, as shown in the following figure.



NOTES

Figure 14: Sketching a Vertical Centerline

6. Click to complete the feature.

7. Click [Select primary items]. Select the datum curve.

8. Click Insert > Protrusion > Revolve.

9. Drag the curve to desired angle. Click on the background toregenerate.

10. Optional: Shell the model and color the inside surfaces as shown inthe following figure.

Figure 15: Final Model

11. Save the model and close the window.



NOTES

EXERCISE 2: Advanced Sketch and TextFunctionality

Task 1. Create a new part called ADV_SKETCH.PRT using the defaulttemplate.

1. Select the TOP datum plane.

2. Click Insert > Protrusion > Extrude.

3. Sketch as shown in the following figure.

Figure 16: Sketching Straight Lines

4. Add circular and elliptic fillets as shown in the following figureusing and respectively.



NOTES

Figure 17: Adding Fillets

5. Referring to the following figure, change the dimension scheme forthe elliptic fillet.

6. Click . Select the elliptic fillet. Click . In the ELLIPSEdialog box, click X-Radius, then click Accept. In the RESOLVESKETCH dialog box, delete the horizontal 1.50 dimension.

7. Repeat the previous step for the Y-radius. Delete the vertical 1.0dimension.

Figure 18: Deleting Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions

8. Exit sketcher. Click OK.



NOTES

9. Using Dynamic Modify, drag the depth of the protrusion to be avalue between .75 and 1.0. Click Regenerate.

10. Toggle on . Notice no axes were created.

Task 2. Create axis points.

1. Click [Select primary items]. Select the protrusion just created.

2. Click > Redefine.

3. Redefine the sketch. Insert three axis points using Sketch > AxisPoint as shown in the following figure.

Figure 19: Inserting Three Axis Points

4. Complete the feature. Notice the axes created.

Task 3. Use the replace function.

1. Click [Select geometry].

2. Press and select the three edges as shown in the followingfigure.



NOTES

Figure 20: Selecting Edges to Round

3. Click > Round Edges. Use the Dynamic Modify function tocreate a radius between 0.125 and 0.15. Notice the round followsa tangent chain.

4. Select the protrusion. Click to redefine the sketch.

5. Select the 45 line, and attempt to delete it. Read the warningmessage. Click No.

6. Sketch a conic with both ends tangent using .

7. Modify the Rho value to 0.20.

Figure 21: Sketching a Conic



NOTES

Task 4. Replace references used by the 45 line with the conic.

1. Delete the conics centerline.

2. Select the conic, then click Edit > Replace.

3. Read the message window. Select the 45 line.

4. Click Yes to delete dimensions associated with the line.

5. Modify dimensions as shown in the following figure and completethe feature.

Figure 22: Dimensioning

Task 5. Create sketched text.

1. Return the model to the default view and click . Select the topsurface.

2. Click to begin a sketched datum curve

3. Click and sketch a spline as shown in the following figure.



NOTES

Figure 23: Sketching a Spline

4. Exit sketcher and complete the spline datum curve.

5. Begin the creation of another curve as before.

6. Click [Sketch text]. Sketch a line using the start of the datumcurve as a reference, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 24: Sketching a Line as Reference

7. Type [ProE] in the TEXT dialog box. Set the font to CG Times.

8. Click Place Along Curve. Select the spline, and flip if necessary. For University Use Only - Commercial Use Prohibited -


NOTES

9. Click to exit the TEXT dialog box.

10. Drag the the text definition line to dynamically modify.

Figure 25: Dynamic Modification

11. Complete the text datum curve feature.

12. Click . Select the text datum curve.

13. Click Insert > Protrusion > Extrude. Drag to approximately0.25.

14. Regenerate and shade the model.

Figure 26: Extruded and Shaded Model

15. Select the text protrusion. Click > Suppress.

16. Select the text datum curve. Click Insert > Cut > Extrude. Drag todesired depth.




NOTES

EXERCISE 3: Creating the Go Cart Mirror Housing

Task 1. Open the model.

1. Open the MIRROR_MOUNT.PRT.

Figure 27: The Mirror Mount Model

Task 2. Start the definition of the protrusion using a smooth generalblend.

1. Click Insert > Protrusion > Blend > General > Done > Smooth> Done.

2. Select the top surface of the mirror mount base as shown in theprevious figure.

3. Click to accept the default direction. Click Bottom. SelectDTM3.

Task 3. Sketch a coordinate system for the first section.

1. Toggle off .

2. Sketch a coordinate system using at the intersection of thereferences.



NOTES

Task 4. Define an ellipse using the default-dimensioning scheme.

1. Use [Ellipse] to sketch an ellipse at the intersection of thereferences.

Figure 28: Sketching the Ellipse

2. Modify the dimensions: Ry = 70 and Rx = 50.

Task 5. Divide the ellipse into four sections so that it can blend to thefinal section consisting of four conic sections.

1. Click [Divide section] and select the ellipse at the 4intersections of the references.

2. Add centerlines to the section along DTM1 and DTM3.

3. Click [Symmetry constraint] and assign symmetry about bothcenterlines.



NOTES

Figure 29: Creating Centerlines

4. Save this section to be used for the next sub-section. Click File >Save A Copy. Type [ellipse] and click OK.

5. Click the icon.

6. Type [45] [0] [0] for the rotations of the second section.

Task 6. Create the second section.

1. Click Sketch > Data from File. Select ELLIPSE.SEC from thedialog box. Click Open.

2. Click and create horizontal and vertical dimensions. Ifpresented with conflicts, delete the Rx and Ry dimensions.Re-establish symmetry if necessary.

3. Modify the dimensions as shown in the following figure.



NOTES

Figure 30: Horizontal and Vertical Dimensioning

4. Click > Yes to create a third section.

5. Type [45] [0] [0] for the rotations of the third section.

Task 7. Sketch the third section using parabolic conic sections.

1. Define a sketcher coordinate system.

2. Sketch a horizontal and vertical centerline through the coordinatesystem.

3. Sketch a [Conic] in the upper left quadrant.

Figure 31: Sketching the Conic



NOTES

4. Delete the angled centerline.

5. Locate the left endpoint relative to the centerline using a diameterdimension. Click . Select the left most endpoint, the centerline,

and the left most endpoint again, then click to place thedimension.

6. Modify the dimensions as shown in the following figure.

Figure 32: Modifying Dimensions

7. Select the conic section. Click [Mirror geometry]. Select thevertical centerline.

8. Repeat to mirror the two conic sections about the horizontalcenterline.

9. Complete the sketch, as shown in the following figure. Remove thesymmetric constraint about the horizontal centerline and addtangency constraints.



NOTES

Figure 33: Completing and Constraining Sketch

10. Select the right-most vertex between the upper and lower conics.Click > Start Point.

11. Click . Click No when prompted, if you wish to continue to thenext section.

12. Type a depth of [100] for the second section.

13. Type a depth of [200] for the third section.

14. Preview and shade the model.

Tips and Techniques:

You have the ability to define tangency conditions at the firstand last section of the general blend.

15. Define the first section of the general blend to be tangent to thebase of the mirror mount. Double-click the Tangency element.

16. Click Yes when prompted to define tangency for the first end.



NOTES

17. Select the top surface for all four references to be tangent to asshown in the following figure.

Figure 34: Selecting References

18. Do not define tangency for the second end. When prompted,select No.

19. Build the feature. Click OK to create the feature.

Figure 35: The Completed Model


21. Erase all the objects from memory. Click File > Erase > NotDisplayed. Click OK.



NOTES

OPTIONAL EXERCISEThe following exercise provides supplementary tools and techniquesrelated to this modules goal.

OPTIONAL EXERCISE 1: Importing External SplineData

Task 1. Create a spline and use it to create a blended wing section.

1. Click File > New > Sketch. Type [WING] for the name.

2. Sketch a horizontal and a vertical centerline.

Task 2. Sketch a spline.

1. Click [Create spline through several points].

2. Sketch a spline with three points, and click to complete thespline.

3. Dimension as shown in the following figure.

Figure 36: Sketching a 3-Point Spline



NOTES

Task 3. Read in external data to drive the shape of the spline bydimensioning the section to a local coordinate system.

1. Click [Create coordinate system]. Place the coordinate systemat the intersection of the two centerlines.

2. Select the spline, then click > Modify.

3. In the MOD SPLINE dialog box click the Coordinates tab. Selectthe coordinate system that you defined, then click Read. SelectWING.PTS. Click Open.

4. Read the prompt. Click Yes to insert points on the spline.

5. Define the bottom of the foil section. Sketch a horizontal line fromleft to right that is coincident with the endpoints of the wingsection.

Figure 37: Horizontal Line Coincident with Wing Endpoints

6. Save the section, then click from the Intent Manager.

Task 4. Create a protrusion using the section that you just created.

1. Create a new part called WING.PRT.

2. Click Insert > Protrusion > Blend > General > Done > Smooth> Done.

3. Specify FRONT as the sketching plane. Click to accept thedefault direction. Select TOP as the top reference. Close theREFERENCES dialog box.

4. Click Sketch > Data from File. Select WING.SEC from the dialogbox. Click Open.



NOTES

5. Click . Drag the section approximately to the intersection of thedatum planes.

6. Type [20.0] as the scaling factor, then click .

7. Cancel the DATUM display, and zoom in on the section. Click > to align each centerline with the corresponding referenceline.

Figure 38: Aligning the Section

8. Click to toggle to the next section.

9. Type [0.0], [0.0], [5.0] as the X,Y,Z rotations.

Task 5. Begin sketching the next section in the new sketcher thatappears.

1. Using Data from File, get WING.SEC.

2. Modify the section length to [15.0].

Figure 39: Placing the Section

3. Click to toggle to the next section. When the system asks youif you want to proceed to the next section, click NO.



NOTES

4. Type [18.0] as the depth of the section. The resulting wing shouldresemble the one shown in the following figure.

Figure 40: Resulting Wing

5. Select the protrusion. Click > Modify > All. Modify all threeangle values to 15 and regenerate the model.


7. Erase all the objects from memory. Click File > Erase > NotDisplayed. Click OK.



NOTES

MODULE SUMMARYIn this module you learned how to:

Manipulate entities within the new sketcher environment.

Define and modify splines and read in point data from an external file. Create and save sections in sketcher to be used at a later date. Create ellipses and define different dimension schemes based on

design intent. Create a conic section when the section is not a simple ellipse.


1

Module

Drafts and RoundsIn this module you learn how use drafts and rounds to finish yourpart designs. You also learn to create transitions between round setsfor more complex geometry.

Objectives

After completing this module you will be able to:

Prepare models for casting or molding by adding draft features. Add advanced drafts to your models. Create rounds with single and multiple references. Create edge-to-surface and surface-to-surface rounds. Create intent-chain rounds.



NOTES

CREATING DRAFTSThe Draft feature adds a draft angle to individual surfaces or to a series ofselected planar, cylindrical or other ruled surfaces. You can create a draftfeature to add an angle (+/- 30 degrees) to existing surfaces of a molded orcast part. A draft can add and remove material from the model.

Figure 1: Draft for Molding

Guidelines for Using DraftsConsider the following when creating drafts:

You can draft only the surfaces that are formed by tabulated cylindersor planes.

The draft direction must be normal to the neutral plane if a draftsurface is cylindrical.

You cannot draft surfaces with fillets around the edge boundary.However, you can draft the surfaces first and then fillet the edges.

To incorporate a draft into a model that has rounds, you should add thedraft before rounding the edges.

When you add a draft to a shelled part before adding the shell feature,the system will maintain a constant wall thickness.


Draf ts and Rounds Page 2-3

NOTES

Defining a Draft FeatureThe following figure illustrates the process of defining a draft feature on amodel. You can apply a draft feature to a planar, cylindrical, and splinedsurface.

Neutral Planeremainsconstant size

DraftSurface

Neutral Plane remainsconstant size

-10+10

Figure 2: Draft Definitions



NOTES

Draft Types

The following figure illustrates all the variations of the draft featureavailable in Pro/ENGINEER.

Figure 3: Variations of the Draft Feature

Creating Neutral Plane DraftsTo create a neutral plane draft, you can select whether or not to split thesurfaces at a plane or sketch.

If the parting line for the mold is located in the middle of the draft surface,you can split the surfaces, as shown in the following figure.



NOTES

Sketch

No Split

Split at Sketch

Split at Plane

Figure 4: Neutral Plane Drafts

Creating Neutral Curve DraftsUse a neutral curve draft when the perimeter that has to remain fixed andit is not planar.

To create a neutral curve draft, you can select whether or not to split thesurfaces at a curve or surface. If the parting line for the mold is located inthe middle of the draft surface, you can split the surfaces.

Neutral curve

Figure 5: No Split Neutral Curve Draft



NOTES

Split surface

Neutralcurves

Figure 6: Split at Surface Draft

Neutral and split curve(mid-plane remainsconstant size)

Figure 7: Split at Curve Draft

CREATING ROUNDSA Round is a Pro/ENGINEER feature that can add or remove materialfrom a model. The geometry must be tangent to adjacent geometry at allpoints along the rounds edge.

Defining Simple RoundsSimple rounds are composed of a single set of references, whereasadvanced rounds can contain multiple sets of references along withvarious transition options where the sets merge together.



NOTES

Round Set 1

Transition

Round Set 2

Simple Round Advanced Round

Figure 8: Simple versus Advanced Rounds

To define a simple round, you can use various methods. Regardless of themethod that you select, you must define elements to determine the shape,radius, and location of the feature.

Selecting Round Feature ReferencesYou should select references for round features carefully for two reasons:

If you remove a single reference for the round, the system mustresolve the entire round feature.

The type of reference that you select influences the round shape andextent. You should experiment with these selection options to fullydevelop the round geometry:

One-by-one Tangent Chain Surface Chain

Edge-Surf Surf-Surf Full Round

Figure 9: Selecting Surfaces Rounds



NOTES

When you select surfaces for round set geometry, Pro/ENGINEER tries todefine the round set tangent to the selected surface. If adjacent surfaces aretangent to the selected surface or surfaces, the system automatically triesto continue the round geometry along these tangent surfaces. However,you can prevent the round from continuing onto adjacent surfaces.

Setting Round Extents

In some cases, you may want to continue the round feature or stop it atsome point along the selected references that the system developsautomatically.

Note:

The additional selected references create parent/childreferences in the round feature.

TerminatingSurface

Auto Blend

Auto

Figure 10: Round Extent Options

Defining Radius Values

After you define the references, you must specify the round radius.

Constant radius Variable radius Through a curve

Full round



NOTES

Figure 11: Constant and Variable Radius Options

Using Points or Vertexes

You can select a datum point, vertex, curve, or edge end through whichthe round should pass. The selected entity must be on an adjacent surfaceto the geometry. The system does not assign a radius dimension to theround. The radius is a direct result of the position of the other geometry.

Note:

Using a point or vertex to define the round size creates aparent/child relationship between the round feature and theselected point.

Creating Advanced RoundsAdvanced rounds give you more flexibility in creating robust geometry.One of the major advantages of the advanced round feature is that it givesyou the ability to create transitions between round sets. A round set is a setof references with attributes and radius values, created with the sameoptions and attributes as a simple round. Using round sets, you cancombine surface-to-surface rounds with edge rounds or define rounds thathave multiple radii.

Using Transitions

By creating transitions between round sets, you can use a greater varietyof geometry shapes at the intersection of round sets without compromisingthe flexibility of the model. The transition element also enables you tospecify how Pro/ENGINEER should handle the intersection of round setswith model geometry.



NOTES

Figure 12: Blend Surfs and Continue Transitions

Setting the Default Transition

You can set up a transition between round sets to customize the shape ofthe round geometry in the following ways:

Corner Sphere Corner Sweep Corner Patch

Figure 13: Corner Transitions

Creating Round SetsYou can create a round set by making a rolling ball or a round surfacenormal to a spine.

The rolling ball shape looks as if you rolled a ball between the tworeferences.

The normal-to-spine shape looks as if you created the round surface bysweeping an arc normal to the selected spine.

Setting Round Shape Cross-Sections

By default, the system creates a circular cross-section of the round definedwith a true radius, but you can drive the cross-section to use a conicsection. A round with a conic section uses two values to drive its shape: aradius value and a conic parameter (rho) value.



NOTES

The radius value determines the point of tangency on the model. Thevalue of Rho determines the shape of the conic itself as seen in thefollowing figure. Rho is the ratio of BE/DE where segments AE = EC.You can use values of the conic parameter between .95 and .05. Someof these values have specific significance: .05 to .5 to .95: hyperbolic round

Using a [true ellipse] value for the conic parameter creates a circularshape on the round feature.

Figure 14: Rho

Figure 15: Round Shape



NOTES

DEVELOPING GEOMETRY WITH ROUNDSAs you create simple or advanced rounds, you can use surface techniquesto develop specific geometry. Instead of creating the round geometryusing surface features entirely, you can actually use a round feature togenerate surfaces. When you create a round, you must choose one of theseoptions:

Make Solid Make Surface

Figure 16: Developing Needed Geometry

Tips for Creating Rounds

If you are having difficulty creating a particular round feature, you shouldbreak it up into separate round features, or change to an advanced roundand add a transition. If those methods do not resolve the problem, try anyof the following:

Type a different radius. Use a different round option (Surf-Surf, Edge-Surf, etc). Create the round as a surface. Using surfacing techniques, you can fix

the problem areas manually. Create swept or extruded protrusions, cuts, etc.



NOTES

LABORATORY PRACTICALGoal

In this laboratory, you learn how to apply draft and round features asfinishing features.

Method

In Exercises 1,you learn how to insert neutral plane drafts.

In Exercise 2, you learn advanced round techniques.

In Exercise 3, you experiment with various intent chain rounds.

Tools

Table 1: Icons for Advanced Geometry Creation

Icons DescriptionSaved view list

Use edge

EXERCISE 1: Inserting Neutral Plane Drafts

Task 1. Open a sample model and insert a simple draft.

1. Set your working directory to the folder that corresponds to thename of the current module.

2. Open DRAFT_PLANE.PRT, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 17: Draft Plane Part



NOTES

3. Click Insert > Draft.

4. Click to accept the default selection Neutral Pln.

5. Click once again to accept Tweak, No Split, Constant.

6. Select the two surfaces, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 18: Selecting Draft Surfaces

7. Click > , and select the surface as the neutral plane, asshown in the following figure .

Figure 19: Selecting Neutral Plane

8. Click Use Neut Pln to automatically use the neutral plane as thereference plane.



NOTES

9. Observe the direction of the circular arrow. Type [-10] as the draftangle.

10. Click Preview, and notice that the base of the cylinder increased insize.

11. C

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