PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ON INTEGRATED PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ON INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN

TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY OF TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY OF KAOHSIUNG COUNTY KAOHSIUNG COUNTY

Rong-Kang Shang, Chang-Yi David Chang

Department of Geography

National Taiwan University

Taipei, Taiwan

2004.11.2

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ON INTEGRATED PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ON INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN

TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY OF TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY OF KAOHSIUNG COUNTYKAOHSIUNG COUNTY

Introduction

Definition of ICZM

The World Evolution of ICZM

Issues of Coastal Zone in Taiwan

Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – A Case of Kaohsiung County

Conclusions

Suggestions

IntroductionIntroduction

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) The most practicable approach to achieve the sus

tainable development in the coastal areas since Earth Summit in 1992.

An Ideal Model of ICZM The Four Evolution Stages (Vallega, 1999). The situations are various in different countries.

IntroductionIntroduction

Reviewing past evolution of CZM in Taiwan Demanding an integrated management.

Kaohsiung County as a case study Conducting field survey. Applying GIS overlay method. Examining current major problems. Analyzing ICZM possibility.

Conclusions and suggestions

Definition of ICZMDefinition of ICZM

ICZM can be simplified as (FAO, 1991)

ICZM - an integrated policyintegrated policy and decision-makdecision-making processing process (Agenda 21, 1992)

ICZM must include (Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998)

HarmonizedGoals

EnforcementMechanism

CoordinationOffice

Permit ApprovalProcedures

Intersectoral Intergovernmental Spatial

Science-management International IntegrationIntegration

Definition of ICZMDefinition of ICZM

ICZM is a process of integrated integrated management and planningmanagement and planning to achieve the sustainable developmentsustainable development in the coastal zone (operational definition in this study).

integrated management and planning

sustainable development in the coastal zone

The World Evolution of ICZMThe World Evolution of ICZM

land-orientedsingle-use

multiple-usebroader coastal areas

whole range of uses

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Stage Objective Coastal uses under management

Geographical coverage

1960s:

pre-take off

Use management facing a single environmental issue socially perceived as important.

One or a few uses (e.g., seaports and recreational uses).

The shoreline

1970s:

take off

Use management and environmental protection.

A few uses (e.g., seaports, manufacturing plants, recreational uses and fishing).

The shoreline;

A coastal zone delimited according to arbitrary criteria;

Id., according to administrative criteria.

1980s:

drive to maturity

Use management and environmental protection.

As an orientation, the whole range of uses.

As above, seawards tending to manage national jurisdictional zone.

1990s:

maturity

Integrated management.

Comprehensive use management.

The management of the coastal ecosystem.

Coverage delimited: landward, according to various criteria;

seaward, with reference to the extent of the widest national jurisdictional zone.

Vallega (1999) stated a “stage-based model”

Taiwan is still at this stageTaiwan is still at this stage

Issues of Coastal Zone in Taiwan Issues of Coastal Zone in Taiwan

The change of resource use From the extensive use to the large scale and

intensive using activities.

No special coastal zone management law to enforce the related regulations .

No agency to enforce the law and conduct the related comprehensive plan.

National Scale

Local Scale

Development activities areDevelopment activities are

intensive and diversified.intensive and diversified.

Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – A Case of Kaohsiung CountyA Case of Kaohsiung County

Location - in the south west of Taiwan

Length of shoreline - 20 kilometers

1. Proposed development projects are competitive and incompatible.

2. Scope is overlapped.

5. The development projects cause accelerated coastal erosion.

3. The development projects are terminated due to different reasons.

4. The development sites are next to the environmental sensitive areas.

Integrated management is not encompassed at Kaohsiung County.

Developers did not follow the “County Comprehensive Plan”.

Lack of attention on compatibility and carrying capacity.

Land use conflicts have become a serious problem.

Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – Problems on ICZM in Taiwan – A Case of Kaohsiung CountyA Case of Kaohsiung County

In Summary

Conclusions Conclusions

Taiwan needs ICZM.

Existing regulations can not handle the pressure of development.

Improving the decision-making process in local government is practicable.

A reformation of management institute is needed.

SuggestionsSuggestionsNational level The institute of ICZM should be established in

Ministry of Environmental Resource Management in the future.

Local level Revising the “Comprehensive Plan”. Establishing a coordination mechanism. Enhancing the Environmental Impact

Assessment.

Promoting ICZM is the prime strategy for the sustainable development of coastal zone for the future Taiwan.

Thank YouThank You