process mapping...

39
การทา Process Mapping เพื่อสร้างแผนที่กระบวนการและเพิ่มพูน ประสิทธิภาพงาน 30/08/2021 Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved 1 By British Standard Institute (BSI)

Upload: others

Post on 31-Dec-2021

11 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

การท า Process Mapping เพอสรางแผนทกระบวนการและเพมพนประสทธภาพงาน

30/08/2021

Copyright © 2019 BSI. All rights reserved 1

By

British Standard Institute (BSI)

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.2

การท าแผนทกระบวนการคออะไร?

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.3

The business process

Supplier(s) Customer(s)

Inputs Outputs

นยามของค าวา กระบวนการ (Process)

'ชดของกจกรรมทสมพนธกนหรอโตตอบทใชอนพตเพอสงมอบผลลพธทตงใจไว'

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.4

การท าแผนทกระบวนการคออะไร?

แผนผงกระบวนการเปนเครองมอทแสดงใหเหนอยางชดเจนวาขนตอนการท างานเปนอยางไร

ประเดนส าคญ มกจะประกอบดวย:• Inputs

• Outputs

• Activity steps

• Decision points

• Functions

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.5

การท าแผนทกระบวนการคออะไร?

มนบอกผอานวา:

อะไร?

ทไหน?

เมอไหร?

ใคร?

อยางไร?

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.6

วตถประสงคและประโยชนของการท าแผนทกระบวนการ

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.7

วตถประสงคของการท าแผนทกระบวนการ

วตถประสงคของการท าแผนทกระบวนการคอการ

ปรบปรงความเขาใจ

CLARITY

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.8

ปรบปรงการมสวนรวมของพนกงานในการสรางแผนผงกระบวนการ

ใชเปนการแสดงภาพเพอใหเขาใจไดงาย

ประหยดเวลาและลดความซบซอนของโครงการ

ปรบปรงความเขาใจของกระบวนการ

ประโยชนของการท าแผนทกระบวนการ

การท าแผนทกระบวนการ:

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.9

การประยกตใชการท าแผนทกระบวนการ

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.10

เครองมอนมรปแบบใดบาง?

High-level mapping tools

• Tree diagram

Functional mapping tools

• Flow diagram

• Top-down flow diagram

• Deployment flow diagram

• Detailed flow diagram

• Cross functional map

• Swim lane technique

• Tabular method

Operational mapping tools

• Spaghetti diagram • Value stream map

• SIPOC

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.11

ระดบของการท าแผนทกระบวนการ

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.

Business development

Sales Underwriting Contracting Client service

Terms

Documents

Negotiate

Close

Client

Business process

(strategic)

Business processes

Core functional

departments

Sub-process

(external) Clients(internal) CustomerService department

ProceduresTasks

High-level process map

Underwriters

Detailed sub-process map

Detailed sub-

process

Supplier

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.12

High-level mapping tools and SIPOC

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.13

SIPOC

SIPOC Diagram[Suppliers – Inputs – Process – Outputs – Customers]

Suppliers

Inputs Process Outputs

Customers

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.14

ตวอยาง SIPOC

Suppliers Inputs Process Outputs Customer

Recruiting New staff Requesting department

Personal record file

Application letters

Company budget

Job applicants

Requisition request

Requesting department

Finance department

1. Review request

2. Advertise position

3. Screen applicants

4. Interview candidates

5. Process employment letter

6. Orientate new staff

Company policy

Management

Employment letter

New staff

HR department

Payroll instruction

Finance department

Orientation program

New staff

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.15

Functional mapping tool

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.16

ความสมพนธระหวาง functional maps

Foundry

Machining

Assembling

Testing

Prepare material

Load fixture

Set up

Operate machine

Stop machine

Unload fixture

Unload material

Level 1 process map

Level 2 process map

Level 3 process map

Y

N

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.17

Operation

Movement or Transportation

Inspection

Delay

Storage

Document

Databases

A A Connector

Arrows (flow of inputs or outputs)

Boundary (start / end) Decision

การใชสญลกษณใน Process mapping (for swim-lane and

detailed flow diagrams)

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.18

Top-down flow diagram – ตวอยาง

Design technical architecture

System standard design

Produce technical

specification

System prototype

development

Develop & test software modules

Technical documentation

Performance testing

User acceptance testing

System designSystem

development

Project planning

Project execution

Project control

Project management

Train users

Convert & migrate data

Deploy system

System implementation

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.19

Swim-Lane Technique: ตวอยาง 1

Customer

Sales officer

Repair technician

Request work

Generate work order

Receive work order

Get spare parts

Replace parts

Sign work order

Account clerk

Generate invoice

Make payment

Receive work order

Work order

Work order Invoice

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.20

Value stream map

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.21

Current state map

= 184 sec.

500 ft coils

2 Shifts

Tray= 20 pieces

PRODUCTION CONTROL

MRP

I

S.WELD #1

S.WELD #2

ASSEMBLY #1

ASSEMBLY #2

Staging

SHIPPING

Michigan Steel co.

State Street

Assembly

18,400 pcs/mo

-12,400 “L”-6,400 “R”

200 T

STAMPING

C/T = 1 second

C/O = 1 hour

Uptime =

85%27,000

sec.avail.EPE = 2 weeks

C/T = 38 seconds

C/O = 10 minutes

Uptime = 100%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

C/T = 45 seconds

C/O = 10 minutes

Uptime = 80%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

C/T = 61 seconds

C/O =

Uptime = 100%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

C/T = 39 seconds

C/O =

Uptime = 100%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

5 days

1 second

7.6 days 38 seconds

1.8 days

45 seconds

2.6 days

61 seconds

2 days

39 seconds

4.5 days

Production lead time

= 23.5 days

ValueAddedtime

Daily

ship schedule

Weekly schedule

6-week

forecast

Weekl

y fax

90/60/30 day

forecasts

Daily

order

Tuesday

+ Thursda

y

1x daily

Coils5 days

4600 L

2400 R1100 L600 R

1600 L850 R

1200 L640 R

2700 L1440 R

I I I I I

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.22

Value stream mapping icons

FINISHED GOODS

TO CUSTOMER

IINVENTORY

O X O X

LOAD LEVELING BOX

PROCESS

OPERATOR

SUPERMARKET

C/T = 45

sec

C/O = 30

min

3 Shifts

2% ScrapDATA BOX

ELEVATOR PICKING CART TRUCK

WITHDRAWA

L KANBAN

PRODUCTIO

N KANBAN

CHANGEOVER

KAIZEN

LIGHTNING

BURST

AIR FREIGHT SEA FREIGHT

MANUAL

INFO

Weekly

Schedule

PRODUCTION

SCHEDULE

MATERIAL PUSH

TIMELINE

KANBAN

POST

SUPPLIER/CUSTOME

R

Rework flow

Red dotted

Electronic information

First in first out

Withdrawal (pull)

Fork lift

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.23

State StreetAssembly

Icon:

18,400 pcs/mo- 12,000 LH- 6,400 RH

Tray = 20 pcs2 shifts

920 pcs/day

เรมทลกคากอนเสมอ

•State Street Assembly Co.

•18,400 pieces per month

•12,000 Type LH

•6,400 Type RH

•20 day month

•20 units per tray

•Operates on two shifts

•1 truck per day

•18,400 / 20 = 920/day

Customer requirements:

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.24

แผนทแสดงสถานะปจจบน

SHIPPINGI

2700 L1440 R

Staging

1xDaily

State StreetAssembly

18,400 pcs/mo

-12,000 LH-6,400 RHTray = 20

pcs2 shifts

920 pcs/day

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.25

• C/T (cycle time)

• C/O (changeover time)

• Uptime (on-demand machine time)

• EPE (every production every)

• Number of operators (dedicated)

• Available working time (minus breaks)

• Etc.

รวบรวมขอมลในกระบวนการ

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.26

Assembly #2

ACME stamping process

•2 part numbers

•1 operator

•2 shifts

•No setups

•39 sec. cycle time

•100% uptime

•2 - 10 minute breaks

•Inventory:

•1200 LH

•640 RH

C/T = 39 secondsC/O = 0

Uptime = 100%2 Shifts

27,600 sec/shift

1200 L640 R

IASSEMBLY #2

1

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.27

แผนทแสดงสถานะปจจบน

ASSEMBLY #2

1

C/T = 39 secondsC/O = 0

Uptime = 100%2 Shifts

27,600 sec/shift

I

1200 L640 R

SHIPPINGI

2700 L1440 R

Staging

1xDaily

State StreetAssembly

18,400 pcs/mo-12,000 LH-6,400 RH

Tray = 20 pcs2 shifts

920 pcs/day

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.28

Tuesday andThursday

MichiganSteel Co.

500 ft. coils

• Michigan Steel Co:

• 1 truck on Tuesday

• 1 truck on Thursday

• 500 foot coils

เพมซพพลายเออร

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.29

แผนทแสดงสถานะปจจบน

SHIPPING

C/T = 61 secondsC/O = 0

Uptime = 100%2 Shifts

27,600 sec/shift

Staging

MichiganSteel Co.

500 ft. coils

Tuesday. +Thursday

This is thematerial flow

INdoor

Door to door value stream

OUTdoor

State StreetAssembly

18,400 pcs/mo- 12,000 LH- 6,400 RH

Tray = 20 pcs2 shifts

920 pcs/day

1xdaily

IASSEMBLY #2

1

C/T = 39 secondsC/O = 0

Uptime = 100%2 Shifts

27,600 sec/shift

I

1200 L640 R

ASSEMBLY #1

1

S. WELD #2

1

C/T = 45 secondsC/O = 10 minutes

Uptime = 80%2 Shifts

27,600 sec/shift

1100 L600 R

1600 L850 R

IS. WELD #1

4600 L2400 R 1

C/T = 38 secondsC/O = 10 minutesUptime = 100%

2 Shifts27,600 sec/shift

ISTAMPING

I

Coils5 days

C/T = 1 secondsC/O = 1 hour

Uptime = 85%27,600 sec./shiftEPE = 2 weeks

200 T

STAMPING I

2700 L1440 R

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.30

สถานะปจจบน ระบโอกาสในการปรบปรง

= 184 sec.

500 ft coils

2 Shifts

Tray= 20 pieces

PRODUCTION CONTROL

MRP

I

S.WELD #1

S.WELD #2

ASSEMBLY #1

ASSEMBLY #2

Staging

SHIPPING

Michigan steel co.

State Street

Assembly

18,400 pcs/mo

-12,400 “L”-6,400 “R”

200 T

STAMPING

C/T = 1 second

C/O = 1 hour

Uptime = 85%

27,000 sec.avail.EPE = 2 weeks

C/T = 38 seconds

C/O = 10 minutes

Uptime = 100%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

C/T = 45 seconds

C/O = 10 minutes

Uptime = 80%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

C/T = 61 seconds

C/O =

Uptime = 100%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

C/T = 39 seconds

C/O =

Uptime = 100%

2 shifts

27,000 sec.avail.

5 days

1 second

7.6 days 38 seconds

1.8 days

45 seconds

2.6 days

61 seconds

2 days

39 seconds

4.5 days

Production lead time

= 23.5 days

ValueAddedtime

Daily

ship schedule

Weekly schedule

6-week

forecast

Weekl

y fax

90/60/30 day

forecasts

Daily

order

Tuesday

+ Thursda

y

1x daily

Coils5 days

4600 L2400 R

1100 L600 R

1600 L850 R

1200 L640 R

2700 L1440 R

I I I I I

Over processing

Waiting

Inventory Inventory

Waiting

Long lead time

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.31

ตองท าอะไรตอไปหลงจากการท าแผนท?

▪ Test (adequacy check)

▪ Validate

▪ Evaluate

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.32

1 2 354 6

9870 #*

การทดสอบการไหล

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.33

การตรวจสอบแผนผงกระบวนการ

Walk the process again

Ask questions:

What happens if…?

What could go wrong?

Who?

How?

When?

Update the map

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.34

การประเมนแผนผงกระบวนการ

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.35

กระบวนการปรบปรง ไดแก:

• ขจดกระบวนการทงหมดส าหรบกระบวนการยอยทไมจ าเปน

• ขนตอนกจกรรมแบบแมนนวลอตโนมต

• รวมขนตอน

• องคประกอบการเอาทซอรสของกระบวนการ

• การเปลยนต าแหนงทท าขนตอนหรอคนด าเนนการ• การเปลยนแปลงหรอปรบเปลยนวธการด าเนนการตามขนตอนของกจกรรม

การพฒนากระบวนการสความเปนเลศ

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.36

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.37

What we do...

R i s k M a n a g e m e n t S t a n d a r d s

S u s t a i n a b i l i t y S t a n d a r d s

O p e r a t i o n a l P e r f o r m a n c e S t a n d a r d s

Together with >10,000

independent experts, BSI

leads the development of

global standards

• Public Standards - PAS

• British Standards - BS

• European Standards - EN

• International Standards -

ISO

ShapeWe share our

standards and

guidance documents

in many formats, from

paper to PDF or

organization-wide

licenses

• Online Standards

Portal

• Network Licenses

ShareOur tutors transfer

the knowledge and

skills needed to

embed excellence

• In-Company Training

• Public Training

• Internal & Lead

Auditor Training

• Self Assessment tools

• Gap Analysis

• Entropy Software™

Embed Our assessors give

you proven ways to

measure, improve

and confidently

promote your

organization

• Management

Systems Certification

• Gap Analysis

• Verification services

• Supplier certification

• 2nd Party Assessment

• Self Assessment tools

• Product Certification

• Kitemark & CE

marking

AssessWe support you with

the knowledge and

business tools you

need to continually

improve

• Entropy Software™

• BSI Excellerator™

Report

• Supply Chain

Solutions

• Six Sigma Training

• Business Improver

Training

Support

Copyright © 2018 BSI. All rights reserved.38

Contact Information

Address: BSI Group (Thailand) Co., Ltd.

127/25 Panjathani Tower, 24th Fl.

Nonsee Road, Chongnonsee, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

Tel: 02 294 4889-92

Fax: 02 294 4467

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.bsigroup.com/en-th