“Process-Outcome” Studies

•Content vs. Teaching Methods

•Question-and-Answer or Lecture?

•High Expectations

•Carefully structured content followed by review

“Follow Through” Studies

reading and math: academic focus > project

factual questioning + student response + teacher feedback

= achievement

The Good & The Bad

•academics•challenge & connected•warm & business-like

•student-centered•heavily affective

Highlights

•Whole vs. student centered •Review•Goals•Small steps•Active practice•Check for understanding•Guide •Specific advice

The Big Picture

Big Picture

Social Atmosphere

Initial Orientation

Goals

Pace

Clarity

•Integrate responses

•Review

•Coherence

Managing and Monitoring

Questions! Questions! Questions!

Practice

•Content & Skills•What about

seatwork?

Overall Big Picture:

Focused and Guided > Naturalistic and Discovery

Tell me a story: