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  • Processes Controlling Arc/c Aerosol Number and Size: Seabird …fizz.phys.dal.ca/.../Croft_et_al_AGU2015_poster_GW_BC.pdf · 2017-02-13 · Wentworth et al., 2015 3 4. Free NH Observatory
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Processes Controlling Arc/c Aerosol Number and Size: Seabird NH 3 – Climate Connec/ons B. Cro’ 1 , G. R. Wentworth 2 , R. V. Mar6n 1,3 , W. R. Leaitch 4 , P. Tunved 5 , J. G. Murphy 2 , B. N. Murphy 5 , J. Kodros 6 ,T. J. Breider 7 , S. D’Andrea 6 , J. P. D. AbbaO 2 , J. R. Pierce 6,1 1 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 3 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA 4 Climate Research Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada 5 Department of Environmental Science and Analy6cal Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 6 Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 7 School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Introduc/on: • The summer6me Arc6c is pris6ne due to efficient cleaning by rain/drizzle, and strongly influenced by natural, local emissions, which have poorly understood climate effects related to aerosols and clouds (IPCC, 2013; Leaitch et al., 2013; Riddick et al., 2012; Cro’ et al. 2015). • Recent evidence indicates that NH 3 emissions from migratory seabird guano are a primary contributor to summer6me free NH 3 levels measured in the Canadian Arc6c (Wentworth et al., 2015). NH 3 together with sulfuric acid and water contributes to par6cle forma6on. • In this study, we use the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS (GCT) coupled chemistry-aerosol microphysics model (www.geos-chem.org) to inves6gate the impact of seabird colony NH 3 on par6cle forma6on, growth by sulfuric-acid and organic vapor condensa6on to sizes that nucleate cloud droplets, and the subsequent pan-Arc6c aerosol indirect effect due to changes in cloud radia6ve proper6es. Summary: • Periodic N10 bursts are observed from May-September in the high-Arc6c at Alert, Nunavut, Canada. • The pris6ne Arc6c summer6me favors par6cle forma6on and growth of these par6cles to sizes larger than 10 nm. • GEOS-Chem-TOMAS simula6ons show that seabird colonies provide sufficient NH 3 to yield these N10 bursts. • Growth of seabird-influenced par6cles to ~80 nm increases pan-Arc6c cloud droplet number by 10-50%. • The pan-Arc6c Ocean mean aerosol indirect effect is -0.5 W m -2 , a significant regional cooling tendency. • Emissions from Riddick et al. (2012): circles Addi6onal colonies from www.seabirds.net : stars. [Mg NH yr -1 ] 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 [pptv] 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 • GEOS-Chem-TOMAS (GCT) simula6on of the summer6me- mean surface layer NH 3 from seabird colony emissions. Alert, Nunavut, Canada Observatory site • Offline calcula6on of % change in summer6me-mean surface layer CDNC using Abdul-Razzak-Ghan scheme. [%] -50 40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Guano + H 2 O+O 2 à NH 3(g) • GCT with ternary (NH 3 +H 2 SO 4 +H 2 O) nuclea6on scheme (Baranizadeh et al., submiOed), excluding amines and iodine. 4. Free NH 3 AAributed to Seabird Colonies Reaches Up to 1000 pptv in Baffin Bay Region References: Leaitch et al., Elem. Sci. Anth., 2013; Riddick et al., Atmos. Environ., 2012; IPCC, 2013; Wentworth et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 2015, Cro’ et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 2015, Baranizadeh et al., GMDD submiOed. Acknowledgements: Funded by NSERC Canada Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program. Thanks to S. Sharma, D. Toom and A. PlaO for support of Alert measurements and to I. Riipinen, T.Olenius and J. Julin for ACDC par6cle forma6on code. 3. Arc/c Seabird Colonies Emit ~40 Gg NH 3 between May-Sept Year: 2011 Year: 2011 [W m -2 ] -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 7. Seabird-Influenced Par/cles Can Grow to 50 nm+ and Modify Pan-Arc/c Cloud Droplet Number Concentra/on by > 50% 8. Pan-Arc/c Ocean Mean Aerosol Indirect Effect Due to Seabird NH 3 is -0.5 W m -2 6. Seabird Colony NH 3 Controls Aerosol Neutraliza/on State at Alert NH 4 + / (2SO 4 2- + NO 3 - ) A M J J A S O A M J J A S O 5. Seabird Colony NH 3 is Sufficient to Simulate Summer/me N10 Bursts Observed at Alert Aerosol N10 Number Concentra6on [cm -3 ] 2. Key Processes for Summer/me Arc/c: Wet Removal, Par/cle Forma/on, Growth All rates are the mean over en6re troposphere north of 66°N. D p < 10 nm 10 nm < D p < 100 nm D p > 1000 nm 100 nm < D p < 1000 nm Efficient removal by precipita6on from warm clouds cleans the Arc6c in summer. 1. Observed Arc/c Aerosol Seasonal Cycle Winter6me to early spring - building of accumula6on mode (D p >100 nm) Alert Zeppelin _ _ Measurements from: Alert SMPS Zeppelin DMPS Summer6me - Aitken mode dominates (D p < 100 nm) Fall - aerosol number minimum Alert, Nunavut, Canada Observatory site • Summer6me aerosol less acidic. GCT-simulated neutraliza6on ra6o is strongly impacted by seabird colony NH 3 emissions.

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Page 1: Processes Controlling Arc/c Aerosol Number and Size: Seabird …fizz.phys.dal.ca/.../Croft_et_al_AGU2015_poster_GW_BC.pdf · 2017-02-13 · Wentworth et al., 2015 3 4. Free NH Observatory

ProcessesControllingArc/cAerosolNumberandSize:SeabirdNH3–ClimateConnec/onsB.Cro'1,G.R.Wentworth2,R.V.Mar6n1,3,W.R.Leaitch4,P.Tunved5,J.G.Murphy2,B.N.Murphy5,J.Kodros6,T.J.Breider7,S.D’Andrea6,J.P.D.AbbaO2,J.R.Pierce6,1 1DepartmentofPhysicsandAtmosphericScience,DalhousieUniversity,Halifax,NS,Canada 2DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,ON,Canada 3Harvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,Cambridge,MA,USA 4ClimateResearchDirectorate,EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada,Toronto,ON,Canada5DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandAnaly6calChemistry,StockholmUniversity,Stockholm,Sweden 6DepartmentofAtmosphericScience,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,USA7SchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,HarvardUniversity,Cambridge,MA,USA

Introduc/on:•  Thesummer6meArc6cispris6neduetoefficientcleaningbyrain/drizzle,andstronglyinfluencedbynatural,localemissions,which

havepoorlyunderstoodclimateeffectsrelatedtoaerosolsandclouds(IPCC,2013;Leaitchetal.,2013;Riddicketal.,2012;Cro'etal.2015).•  RecentevidenceindicatesthatNH3emissionsfrommigratoryseabirdguanoareaprimarycontributortosummer6mefreeNH3levels

measuredintheCanadianArc6c(Wentworthetal.,2015).NH3togetherwithsulfuricacidandwatercontributestopar6cleforma6on.•  Inthisstudy,weusetheGEOS-Chem-TOMAS(GCT)coupledchemistry-aerosolmicrophysicsmodel(www.geos-chem.org)toinves6gate

theimpactofseabirdcolonyNH3onpar6cleforma6on,growthbysulfuric-acidandorganicvaporcondensa6ontosizesthatnucleateclouddroplets,andthesubsequentpan-Arc6caerosolindirecteffectduetochangesincloudradia6veproper6es.

Summary:•  PeriodicN10burstsareobservedfromMay-September

inthehigh-Arc6catAlert,Nunavut,Canada.•  Thepris6neArc6csummer6mefavorspar6cleforma6on

andgrowthofthesepar6clestosizeslargerthan10nm.•  GEOS-Chem-TOMASsimula6onsshowthatseabird

coloniesprovidesufficientNH3toyieldtheseN10bursts.•  Growthofseabird-influencedpar6clesto~80nm

increasespan-Arc6cclouddropletnumberby10-50%.•  Thepan-Arc6cOceanmeanaerosolindirecteffectis-0.5Wm-2,asignificantregionalcoolingtendency.

•  EmissionsfromRiddicketal.(2012):circlesAddi6onalcoloniesfromwww.seabirds.net:stars.

[MgNHyr-1]

0.0010.010.11101001000

[pptv]

1310301003001000

•  GEOS-Chem-TOMAS(GCT)simula6onofthesummer6me-meansurfacelayerNH3fromseabirdcolonyemissions.

Alert,Nunavut,CanadaObservatorysite

•  Offlinecalcula6onof%changeinsummer6me-meansurfacelayerCDNCusingAbdul-Razzak-Ghanscheme.

[%]

-5040-30-20-1001020304050

Guano+H2O+O2àNH3(g)

•  GCTwithternary(NH3+H2SO4+H2O)nuclea6onscheme(Baranizadehetal.,submiOed),excludingaminesandiodine.

4.FreeNH3AAributedtoSeabirdColoniesReachesUpto1000pptvinBaffinBayRegion

References:Leaitchetal.,Elem.Sci.Anth.,2013;Riddicketal.,Atmos.Environ.,2012;IPCC,2013;Wentworthetal.,Atmos.Chem.Phys.Discuss.,2015,Cro'etal.,Atmos.Chem.Phys.Discuss.,2015,Baranizadehetal.,GMDDsubmiOed.Acknowledgements:FundedbyNSERCCanadaClimateChangeandAtmosphericResearchProgram.ThankstoS.Sharma,D.ToomandA.PlaOforsupportofAlertmeasurementsandtoI.Riipinen,T.OleniusandJ.JulinforACDCpar6cleforma6oncode.

3.Arc/cSeabirdColoniesEmit~40GgNH3betweenMay-Sept

Year:2011

Year:2011

[Wm-2]

-3-2-10123

Summer6meMeanAIEAOributedtoSeabirdColonyNH3Emissions

%ChangeSurface-LayerCDNCwithSeabirdColonyNH3Emissions

7.Seabird-InfluencedPar/clesCanGrowto50nm+andModifyPan-Arc/cCloudDropletNumberConcentra/onby>50%

8.Pan-Arc/cOceanMeanAerosolIndirectEffectDuetoSeabirdNH3is-0.5Wm-2

6.SeabirdColonyNH3ControlsAerosolNeutraliza/onStateatAlert

NH 4

+ /(2

SO42-+NO3- )

AMJJASO

AMJJASO

5.SeabirdColonyNH3isSufficienttoSimulateSummer/meN10BurstsObservedatAlert

AerosolN

10Num

berC

oncentra6o

n[cm

-3]

2.KeyProcessesforSummer/meArc/c:WetRemoval,Par/cleForma/on,Growth

Allratesarethemeanoveren6retropospherenorthof66°N.

Dp<10nm 10nm<Dp<100nm

Dp>1000nm100nm<Dp<1000nm

Efficientremovalbyprecipita6onfromwarmcloudscleanstheArc6cinsummer.

1.ObservedArc/cAerosolSeasonalCycleWinter6metoearlyspring-buildingofaccumula6onmode(Dp>100nm)

AlertZeppelin

__

Measurementsfrom:AlertSMPSZeppelinDMPS

Summer6me-Aitkenmodedominates(Dp<100nm)

Fall-aerosolnumberminimum

Alert,Nunavut,CanadaObservatorysite

•  Summer6meaerosollessacidic.GCT-simulatedneutraliza6onra6oisstronglyimpactedbyseabirdcolonyNH3emissions.

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