production of thermoelectric power from solid wastes of some educational institutions of lahore
DESCRIPTION
PRODUCTION OF THERMOELECTRIC POWER FROM SOLID WASTES OF SOME EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF LAHORE. By Mohammad Rafiq Khan, Mehreen Kamal, Sana Sheikh, Fizza Pervaz and Shireen Abbas Lahore School of Economics. ABSTRACT. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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PRODUCTION OF THERMOELECTRIC PRODUCTION OF THERMOELECTRIC
POWER FROM SOLID WASTES OF POWER FROM SOLID WASTES OF
SOME EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS SOME EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
OF LAHOREOF LAHORE
ByBy
Mohammad Rafiq Khan, Mehreen Kamal, Sana Mohammad Rafiq Khan, Mehreen Kamal, Sana
Sheikh, Fizza Pervaz and Shireen Abbas Sheikh, Fizza Pervaz and Shireen Abbas
Lahore School of EconomicsLahore School of Economics
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ABSTRACTABSTRACTThe work reported in this paper was undertaken to study the feasibility of production of The work reported in this paper was undertaken to study the feasibility of production of
thermoelectric power by incineration of biomass content of solid waste of Lahore School of thermoelectric power by incineration of biomass content of solid waste of Lahore School of
Economics (LSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Kinnaird college Economics (LSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Kinnaird college
(KC ) and Government College University Lahore (GCUL). The secondary data was (KC ) and Government College University Lahore (GCUL). The secondary data was
collected by consultation of literature in different libraries, visiting various websites on collected by consultation of literature in different libraries, visiting various websites on
Internet and picking material from documents published by different establishments Internet and picking material from documents published by different establishments
concerned here. concerned here.
Primary data concerning the production and disposal of solid waste was collected from LSE, Primary data concerning the production and disposal of solid waste was collected from LSE,
LUMS, KC and GCUL.. The primary data concerning the production of thermoelectric LUMS, KC and GCUL.. The primary data concerning the production of thermoelectric
power from the solid waste such as bagasse was collected by visiting Pattoki Sugar Mill and power from the solid waste such as bagasse was collected by visiting Pattoki Sugar Mill and
the prices of machinery and equipment were supplied by the Mill authorities which were the prices of machinery and equipment were supplied by the Mill authorities which were
later verified by visiting the websites of different local machinery manufacturing companies. later verified by visiting the websites of different local machinery manufacturing companies.
The data were used to design the project that was subsequently appraised to determine its The data were used to design the project that was subsequently appraised to determine its
B/C Ratio, NPV by applying discounted cash flow techniques and payback period (PBP) was B/C Ratio, NPV by applying discounted cash flow techniques and payback period (PBP) was
determined by conventional method.determined by conventional method.
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The study was undertaken with the following objectives in mind:The study was undertaken with the following objectives in mind:
Safe and techno-economic disposal of solid wastes produced in Safe and techno-economic disposal of solid wastes produced in the the
scheduled educational institutions.scheduled educational institutions. Study of the feasibility of production of thermo-electric power from the Study of the feasibility of production of thermo-electric power from the
biomass of solid wastes. biomass of solid wastes. Later extension of the study to higher levels such as village, town and Later extension of the study to higher levels such as village, town and city city
level.level. Recommendations to all concerned for effective solid waste Recommendations to all concerned for effective solid waste
management.management.
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METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
Collection of DataCollection of Data Processing of DataProcessing of Data Interpretation of ResultsInterpretation of Results
The preliminary enquiry revealed that the total waste produced inThe preliminary enquiry revealed that the total waste produced in
the scheduled institutions were approximately as follows:the scheduled institutions were approximately as follows:
LSELSE 200 Tons per Annum200 Tons per Annum LUMS LUMS 500 Tons per Annum500 Tons per Annum KC KC 200 Tons per Annum200 Tons per Annum GCU GCU 720 Tons per Annum 720 Tons per Annum
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One related to the actual waste of the institutions and One related to the actual waste of the institutions and
second to the amounts that had the likelihood of second to the amounts that had the likelihood of
qualifying the projects as feasible for subsequent qualifying the projects as feasible for subsequent
implementation are reported in Table 1 and 2.implementation are reported in Table 1 and 2.
The two sets of projects;
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Table 1: Table 1: Bases and requisites of alternative Bases and requisites of alternative projects (Assessed weight of solid waste)projects (Assessed weight of solid waste)
AlternativesAlternatives 11 22 33 44 55 66
Solid Solid Waste-Tons/AnnumWaste-Tons/Annum
200200 200200 500500 500500 720720 720720
Cost of LandCost of Land IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded
Live Steam TemperatureLive Steam Temperature 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo
Live Steam PressureLive Steam Pressure 70–80 Kg/cm²70–80 Kg/cm² 70–80 Kg/cm²70–80 Kg/cm² 70–80 Kg/cm²70–80 Kg/cm²
Fuel Steam RatioFuel Steam Ratio 1:71:7 1:71:7 1:71:7
Steam ProducedSteam Produced 1,400 Ton/Annum1,400 Ton/Annum 4,200 Ton/Annum4,200 Ton/Annum 4.200 Ton/Annum4.200 Ton/Annum
Multistage TurbineMultistage Turbine Light DutyLight Duty Light DutyLight Duty Light DutyLight Duty
Steam Consumption/ Steam Consumption/ KWKW
5 Kg/KW5 Kg/KW 5 Kg/KW5 Kg/KW 5 Kg/KW5 Kg/KW
Electricity ProducedElectricity Produced 280,000 KW/Ann.280,000 KW/Ann. 700,000 KW/Annum700,000 KW/Annum 1,008,000 1,008,000 KW/AnnumKW/Annum
Steam Produced /HrSteam Produced /Hr 0.16 Ton/Hr0.16 Ton/Hr 0.4050 Ton0.4050 Ton 0.5832 Ton/Hr0.5832 Ton/Hr
Electricity Produced/HrElectricity Produced/Hr 32-40 KW32-40 KW 81.10 KW81.10 KW 116 KW116 KW
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Table 2: Table 2: Bases and requisites of alternative Bases and requisites of alternative projects (Increased weight of solid waste)projects (Increased weight of solid waste)
AlternativesAlternatives 77 88 99 1010
Solid Waste-Tons/AnnumSolid Waste-Tons/Annum 600600 600600 1,0001,000 1,0001,000
Cost of LandCost of Land IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded IncludedIncluded ExcludedExcluded
Live Steam TemperatureLive Steam Temperature 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo 600C600Co o to 650Cto 650Coo
Live Steam PressureLive Steam Pressure 70–80 Kg/cm²70–80 Kg/cm² 70–80 Kg/cm²70–80 Kg/cm²
Fuel Steam RatioFuel Steam Ratio 1:71:7 1:71:7
Steam ProducedSteam Produced 4,200 Ton/Annum4,200 Ton/Annum 7,000 Ton/Annum7,000 Ton/Annum
Multistage TurbineMultistage Turbine Light DutyLight Duty Heavy DutyHeavy Duty
Steam Consumption/ KWSteam Consumption/ KW 5 Kg/KW5 Kg/KW 5 Kg/KW5 Kg/KW
Electricity ProducedElectricity Produced 840,000 KW/Annum840,000 KW/Annum 1,400,000 KW/Annum1,400,000 KW/Annum
Steam Produced /HrSteam Produced /Hr 0.486 Ton0.486 Ton 0.81Ton/Hr0.81Ton/Hr
Electricity Produced/HrElectricity Produced/Hr 97.22 KW97.22 KW 162KW162KW
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RESULTSRESULTSNature and Composition of Solid Waste Nature and Composition of Solid Waste
Sub-Processes at Sugar MillSub-Processes at Sugar Mill
Bagasse StorageBagasse Storage
Transport to the BoilerTransport to the Boiler
BoilersBoilers
Turbines Turbines Supply of ElectricitySupply of Electricity
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Figure 1: Figure 1: Flow sheet showing the sub-processes Flow sheet showing the sub-processes in the process of production of electricity from in the process of production of electricity from bagasse bagasse
Transport to boil
Bagasse Storage
Turbine
Supply of electricity
Boiler
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Figure 2: Figure 2: Flow Sheet of Bagasse Transport to Flow Sheet of Bagasse Transport to BoilerBoiler
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Figure 3: Figure 3: Flow Sheet of Boiler-Supplied by Flow Sheet of Boiler-Supplied by Pattoki Sugar Mill Pattoki Sugar Mill
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Figure 4: Figure 4: Flow Sheet of Turbine-Supplied by Pattoki Flow Sheet of Turbine-Supplied by Pattoki Sugar Mill Sugar Mill
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Sub-processes of the Project: Same as above except the Sub-processes of the Project: Same as above except the
substitution of Bagasse by Solid wastesubstitution of Bagasse by Solid waste
TurTurbine
Supply of electricity
Transport to boil
Solid Waste
BoilerB
Figure.5: Flow sheet diagram of the designed project.
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RESULTS OF COST ANALYSISRESULTS OF COST ANALYSIS
The integrated results of cost analysis are computed in Table 3 to 6.The integrated results of cost analysis are computed in Table 3 to 6.
AlternativeAlternative PV of Benefits-PV of Benefits-RsRs
PV of Costs-RsPV of Costs-Rs BCRBCR NPV-RsNPV-Rs PBP- YearsPBP- Years
11 11,411,787 11,411,787 72,395,95272,395,952 0.150.15 ––60,984,60,984,
165165
31 31
22 11,411,78711,411,787 32,395,95232,395,952 0.350.35 ––20,984,20,984,
208208
99
88 33,778,022 33,778,022 32,395,95232,395,952 1.041.04 1,832,0701,832,070 2.9 2.9
1010 56,144,257-56,144,257- 33,395,95233,395,952 1.851.85 23,112,63523,112,635 1.851.85
Table 3: Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for LSE (Rs)
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Table 4: Table 4: Computation of results of evaluation Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for KC (Rupees)of alternatives for KC (Rupees)
AlternativAlternativee
PV of BenefitsPV of Benefits PV of CostsPV of Costs BCRBCR NPVNPV PBP-YearsPBP-Years
11 11,411,74411,411,744 272,395,952272,395,952 0.040.04 – – 260,984,208260,984,208 141 141
22 11,411,74411,411,744 32,395,95232,395,952 0.350.35 ––20,984,20820,984,208 99
88 33,778,02233,778,022 32,395,95232,395,952 1.041.04 1,832,0701,832,070 2.92.9
1010 56,144,25756,144,257 33,395,95233,395,952 1.681.68 22,748,30522,748,305 1.851.85
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Table 5: Table 5: Computation of results of evaluation of Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for LUMS (Rupees) alternatives for LUMS (Rupees)
AlternativeAlternative PV of BenefitsPV of Benefits PV of CostsPV of Costs BCRBCR NPVNPV PBP-YearsPBP-Years
33 28,186,464 28,186,464 104,395,952104,395,952 0.270.27 76,209,48876,209,488 19.3 19.3
44 28,186,46428,186,464 32,395,95232,395,952 0.870.87 – – 4,209,1884,209,188 3.483.48
88 33,778,02233,778,022 32,395,95232,395,952 1.041.04 -1,382,070-1,382,070 2.92.9
1010 56,144,25756,144,257 33,395,95233,395,952 1.681.68 Rs 22,748,305Rs 22,748,305 1.851.85
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Table 6: Table 6: Computation of results of evaluation of Computation of results of evaluation of alternatives for GCU (Rupees)alternatives for GCU (Rupees)
AlternativeAlternative PV of BenefitsPV of Benefits PV of CostsPV of Costs BCRBCR NPVNPV PBP-YearsPBP-Years
55 40,487,850 40,487,850 432,395,574432,395,574 .0.09.0.09 ––391,907,724391,907,724 63.5 63.5
66 40,487,850 40,487,850 32,895,95232,895,952 1.231.23 7,691,8987,691,898 2.49 2.49
88 33,778,02233,778,022 32,395,95232,395,952 1.041.04 -1,382,070-1,382,070 2.92.9
1010 56,144,257-56,144,257- 33,395,95233,395,952 1.681.68 22,748,30522,748,305 1.851.85
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DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
Lahore School of EconomicsLahore School of Economics
Kanaird CollegeKanaird College
Lahore University of Management SciencesLahore University of Management Sciences
Government College & University LahoreGovernment College & University Lahore
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CONCLUSIVE REMARKSCONCLUSIVE REMARKS