products with better energy efficiency

18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona 1

Products with better Energy Efficiency

EE, renewables and the consumers’ new role

Barcelona, 24 October 2017

Dr h.c. Walter R. Stahel Full Member of the Club of Rome,

Visiting Professor, Fac of Engineering, University of Surrey

www.product-life.org, [email protected]


ECOLOGIC ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

natural

capital

human & cultural

capital

manufactured

& financial capital

SUSTAINABILIY

CIRCULAR

ECONOMY

OBJECTIF:

HAPPINESS

OBJECTIF:

MANAGING

CAPITALS

PHYSICAL

WORLD

QUALITATIVE

WORLD

SITUATING SOCIETY, SUSTAINABILITY AND A CIRCULAR INDUTRIAL ECONOMY

Example: Celebrating Christmas

and building an efficient economy:

• preventing waste (all waste is man-made)

• maintaining value

• preserving

resource stocks,

resource security

• creating jobs

• Let us look at

Christmas trees 18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona 3

Waste management

solution: incineration.

• economic value lost,

• resource stock lost,

• small labour input,

• some waste produced

(ashes and heat)

If burnt in a co-gen heat and

power plant, some energy

may be recovered.


Value preserving solution:

reuse of goods and materials Christmas tree dismantled for ‘reuse’

• highest value preservation,

• labour intensive,

• zero waste, high resource security.

18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona 5 Source: Wehrli, Ursus. Die Kunst aufzuräumen.

pre-decorated folding

Christmas tree that

collapses after use

economic value and

resource stock preserved,

small labour input,

minimal waste,

high resource security.


source http://christmas.lovetoknow.com/image/135788~DecoratedChristmasTree.jpg

Serial sharing economy

Photo Rent-a-Christmas-tree San Francisco 18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona 7

Value preserving solution

reuse of Christmas tree

• high value preservation,

• labour intensive,

• zero waste,

• high resource security.

rent-a-tree

Sharing public society

Photo cvjm hochdorf.de

sharing the

. event,

. trees,

. candles,

. people,

. emotions,

. music


Who

takes the

decision? aa


EE and renewables – comparing what?

• What borders of reference?

• What energy: grey energy-or energy in use?

• What energy efficiency (more wealth from

less kWh, tons of oil) - or low / zero carbon?

• What renewables (hydro, wind, solar, human

labour, biomass, marine energy, animals)?

• What role consumers (of food, water, energy),

what role users (of built & manufactured objects)?

• What preference for national resources?


Borders of reference of energy production

ecologic footprint - crude oil to consumer

18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona 11 Source: Figure taken from ‘Energeia’, no. 5, Sept 2017, OFEN Bern

marine pollution

Borders of overall energy efficiency:

grey energy versus energy in use (1)

You have a car and decide to replace it with

a new, more use-energy efficient one.

• What is the real use-energy consumption

in L/100km of the old car? of the new car?

• What is the mileage of your ‘old’ car?

• Is it road-worthy, well maintained? If not, at

what energy cost can it be repaired?


Borders of overall energy efficiency:

grey energy versus energy in use (2)

The energy needed to produce a modern

car is about four tons of oil equivalent, equal

to 5’000 litres of gasoline.*

• If your new car saves 1 L/100 km, you will

reach energy breakeven after 500’000 km.

If 2 L/100 km, it will be after 250’000 km.

* this calculation neglects the energy consumed in the

waste management of the ‘old’ car.


What energy efficiency? of three product types

LED

lamps

White goods:

fridge, kettle,

clothes wash

IT, telecom:

laptop,

smartphone

Total energy 102 kWh 3600 kWh 3600 kWh

Grey energy 2 kWh

2%

600 kWh

17%

3000 kWh

83%

Service life 10 years 15 years 3 years

Energy

consumed

100 kWh

98%

3000 kWh

83%

600 kWh

17%

Dominant life

phase

use use, user manufactur?

IoT ?


Data source: EU research quoted in ‘Energeia’, Bern, no. 5, Sept 2017

2

1

3 4

What? increase grey energy efficiency

How? service life extension & circular

Grey energy & long life: by doubling products’

service-lives, we double the grey energy

efficiency per year of use (and half waste).

• Key consumer strategies: caring, reuse,

repair cafés, ‘teddy bears’, social innovation.

• Key industrial strategies: remarket, upgrade,

repair, remanufacture, technical innovation.

• Limits: 2nd law of thermodynamics, nanotech, ...


1

16

How? consumer

drivers – CARING,

a stewardship with

goods = personal

value, producing

collectors’ items.

18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona

and social groups:

repair cafés, DIY,

barter trades, eBay,

lending & sharing.

Long-life

means YOU !

How ?

technical innovation to Space X’s reusable

rocket Falcon

Part of a trend to dematerialised

durable reusable technology:

also electric motors replacing

combustion engines. propulsive rocket landing

From NASA’s space shuttle

How? reusable packaging: stainless steel

cans, staple-able with unified double lid. Inventors Petra Mangold and Holger Jahn.

Source: Proceedings of the International Design Forum

Ulm 1992, published in:

IFG (ed.) (1993), Gemeinsam nutzen statt einzeln

verbrauchen, eine neue Beziehung zu den Dingen.

Anabas Verlag Giessen.


design innovation

Why? societal benefits of circular economy in comparison to the present economy (12 countries) Sweden

macro-economic I/O Study by Skanberg-Wijkman 2016.

circular energy material combined

scenario efficiency scenario

GHG — 50,1% — 28% — 5% — 66%

additional + 4%

jobs + 100’000 + 200’000 +>300’000 +>500’000

trade + 0.4% + 0.4% + 0,2% + 0,25%

balance of GDP of GDP of GDP of GDP

In effect, a substitution of manpower for energy.

http://www.clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/The-Circular-Economy-and-Benefits-for-Society.pdf


Limits: re-use or loose? The curse of nanotech,

embodied or grey energy is lost with resource loss

• the number of

elements in an

INTEL microchip

has increased

from 12 in 1980,

to 16 in 1990,

to 44 in 2000.

• Resources are

lost in recycling

• Reprogrammable

microchips

20 18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona

Engineering

innovation

Limits equal R&D challenges

in the era of ‘D’

• e.g. delaminating carbon-fibre laminates (in cars, aircraft, windmill blades)

renewable energy today is not recyclable, hence un-sustainable.

19/10/2017 Circular Economy - Luxembourg Green

Business Summit 2017 21

What? sharing society and IoT,

How? create clear liabilities

Energy efficiency in systems like Internet

and Internet of Things (IoT) depends on

systems optimisation,

• the role of consumers is limited,

• legislation & statistics are running behind

market developments.


2


Why: system-boundaries of smartphones (CO2)

Source: CES (centre for environmental strategy), University of Surrey

What? use dominates energy,

How? shift from consumer to user

More intensive use and longer service-life.

Individuals and fleet managers cooperate in a

shared use of goods (sharing economy),

• Buying goods as a service: Laundromats,

car sharing, rent-a-tree, rental cars &

apartments, taxis, hotel rooms,

• Sharing the use of goods: public transport,

• Drivers: convenience, function, flexibility.


3

How? social system design innovation

Laundromats need to be combined with animation

(dancings, internet cafés) to make them attractive

for single clients; kindergarten playgrounds.


Social

innovation

needed

Why? Household versus Laundromat

Washing

machine

Household

stand alone

Laundromat

semi-commercial

Wash cycles 2-3’000 15-30’000

Service life 10 years 10 years

Hot water energy

coldzymes !!!

electricity gas, reuse of hot

rinsing water

Drying energy electricity waste heat from

gas water heater

Resource efficie. 1 x 10

Energy efficiency low (electric-water) high (gas-water &

heat recovery)

Water efficiency low, single use high, partial reuse


Coldzymes

• Enzymes, which come from Antarctica and

the Alps; they do not require to heat the water

to wash garments.

• Coldzymes are on sale from many detergent

manufacturers, but many washing machines

do not enable users to switch off the water

heater; and many customers believe hot

water is more efficient or even a necessity.


Autolib Paris: a shared car only when you need it


What? improving high efficiency,

How? selling performance, results.

Performance Economy: economic actors

retain the ownership of goods and embodied

resources, internalise all costs & liabilities:

• Systems solutions (lighthouses, taxis, GPS)

• Phillips (light as a service, pay per lux),

• Sufficiency (natural meadows replace lawn)

Public green procurement:

• Private Finance Initiatives (infrastructure).


4

30

Why? Societal benefits

through systems

solutions,

and low grey energy

through ‘eternal life’

Lighthouses have

done more for the

safety of shipping than

any improvement to

ships.



GPS as a tool for farmers:

innovations are present

in all steps of the

crop growth cycle:

5 precision

harvesting

2 precision soil

preparation

4 precision crop

management

3 precision

seeding

data analysis

and evaluation

e.g. solar

weeding

robots

(factor 20)

producing

more food with

less (chemicals,

water, energy)


Function over fashion & wishes:

as much light as needed where needed.

higher profits achieved with higher efficiency.

Philips pay-per-lux

33

• waterless urinals,

• plus-energy buildings,

• ploughing by night,

• accessibility instead of

mobility.

refill packaging

How? user sufficiency:

understanding the underlying issues - science and tradition


Example:

Private Finance

Initiatives (PFI) Le Viaduc de Millau,

a 2001 78-year

contract to

design, finance,

build and operate

the bridge till

2079, with a

maintenance

contract until

2121 Le pont de Millau, France 34 18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona

Public procurement

Who is in control of Energy Efficiency?

• Service-life extension: product owner is in

control, drivers are cost & caring for nature.

• Sharing society: nobody is in overall control,

risk of abuse, tragedy of the Commons.

• Intensive use: fleet managers, driven by profit

and caring for nature (responsible users).

• Performance economy: producer-managers

control both grey- and use- energy; drivers are

efficiency, function and systems cost reductions


1

2

4

3

Examples of preferred primary energy and industrial policy for the future

• Finland: biomass and wood, nuclear,

• Norway: hydro-electricity (aluminium, steel

recycling, hydrogen-mobility),

• Japan: hydrogen-mobility, nuclear,

• Germany: solar, wind, coal, nuclear,

• Saudi Arabia: oil, solar hydrogen?,

• PRoChina: nuclear, hydro, solar, coal,

• Switzerland: solar, hydro, wood (buildings)

• EU: what happened to hydrogen highway? 18.10.2017 natural gas conference Barcelona 36

37 37 1

Thank you for listening

Dr h.c. Walter R. Stahel, Visiting Professor, University of Surrey

Founder-Director, The Product-Life Institute, Geneva

www.product-life.org, [email protected]


products with better energy efficiency

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