Prof. James A. LandayUniversity of Washington

Autumn 2007

Video PrototypingVideo Prototyping

October 16, 2007

CSE440 - Autumn 2007 User Interface Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation 2

Hall of Fame or Shame?

• http://www.dol.wa.gov/

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Hall of Fame

• http://www.dol.wa.gov/

• UI is clean & uncluttered• Multiple language options are

clearly indicated• Similarity & connectedness to

present strong aesthetic & indicate navigation– ex. of Gestalt Principles

• Use of red/green troubling, but not an issue in this UI

Prof. James A. LandayUniversity of Washington

Autumn 2007

Video PrototypingVideo Prototyping

October 16, 2007

CSE440 - Autumn 2007 User Interface Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation 5

Outline

• Review• Finish Teams Overview• Types of Prototypes• Video Brainstorming• Video Prototyping• Forms of Video Prototyping• Steps to Create Video Prototypes• Tips & Tricks• Introductions

Human Abilities Review• Color can be helpful, but pay attention to ?

– how colors combine – limitations of human perception– people with color deficiency

• Model Human Processor ?

– perceptual, motor, cognitive processors + memory– model allows us to make predictions

• e.g., perceive distinct events in same cycle as one• Memory ?

– three types: sensor, WM, & LTM– interference can make hard to access LTM– cues in WM can make it easier to access LTM

• Key time to remember?– 100 ms (~processor cycle time & memory access)

• Fitts’ Law ?– moving hand is a series of microcorrections– time to move hand to target size S, distance D away given by

• Tpos = a + b log2 (D/S + 1)– time to move hand depends only on relative precision required

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Teams vs. Groups

• Groups– strong leader– individual accountability– organizational purpose– individual work products– efficient meetings– measures performance

by influence on others– delegates work

• Teams– shared leadership– individual & mutual

accountability– specific team purpose– collective work products– open-ended meetings– measures performance

from work products– does real work together

• Teams & good performance are inseparable– a team is more than the sum of its parts

User Interface Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation

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Keys to Team Success

• Common commitment– requires a purpose in which team members believe

• “prove that all children can learn”, “revolutionizing X…”

• Specific performance goals– comes directly from the common purpose

• “increasing the scores of graduates form 40% to 95%”

– helps maintain focus – start w/ something achievable

• A right mix of skills– technical/functional expertise (programming/design/writing)– problem-solving & decision-making skills– interpersonal skills

• Agreement– who will do particular jobs, when to meet & work, schedules

User Interface Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation

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Team Action Items

• Meet & get used to each other• Figure out strengths of team members• Assign each person a role

– responsible for seeing work is organized & done– not responsible for doing it themselves

• Names/roles listed on next assign. turned in• Roles

– design (visual/interaction)

– user testing

– group manager (coordinate - big picture)

– documentation (writing)

User Interface Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation

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Types of Prototypes• Prototypes are concrete representations of a

design• Prototype dimensions

– representation: form of the prototype • off-line (paper) or on-line (software)

– precision: level of detail (e.g., informal or polished)– interactivity: watch-only vs. fully interactive

• fixed prototype (video clips)• fixed-path prototype (each step triggered by specified actions)

– at extreme could be 1 path or possibly more open (e.g., Denim)• open prototype (real, but limited error handling or

performance)– evolution: expected life cycle of prototype

• e.g., throw away or iterative

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Video Brainstorming• Participants act ideas out in front of a video camera• Goal is to create as many new ideas as possible

– each should take 2-5 minutes to generate & capture– run standard brainstorming session first for ideas

• Advantages– video easier to understand later than notes– participants actively experience interaction & preserve record of the idea

Video brainstorming of an animated character in Prototyping Tools & Techniques by Beaudouin-Lafon & Mackay.Character follows user with its eyes.

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Video Prototyping

• Illustrate how users will interact w/ system

• Unlike brainstorming, video prototyping contracts the design space

• Quick to build

• Inexpensive

• Forces designers to consider details of how users will react to the design

• May better illustrate context of use

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Forms of Video Prototypes

• May build upon paper prototypes or use existing software & images of real settings

• Narration optional1) narrator explains events & others move images/illustrate

interaction2) actors perform movements & viewer expected to

understand w/o voice-over

• Usually fixed prototypes, but can also use in open prototypes

– live video as a Wizard of Oz tool & 2nd camera to capture

• If have good storyboards, should be able to create video prototype in 1 hour

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Wizard of Oz Video Prototype

Image from Beaudouin-Lafon & Mackay

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Steps to Create a Video Prototype

1) Review field data about users & work practices2) Review ideas from video brainstorm3) Create use scenario in words4) Develop storyboard of each action/event w/

annotations explaining what is happening in scene. Put each element on a card.

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Steps to Create a Video Prototype

Image from X by Beaudouin-Lafon & Mackay

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Steps to Create a Video Prototype

1) Review field data about users & work practices2) Review ideas from video brainstorm3) Create use scenario in words4) Develop storyboard of each action/event w/

annotations explaining what is happening in scene. Put each element on a card.

5) Shoot a video clip for each storyboard card• avoid editing in the camera – just shoot in storyboard order

6) Use title cards to separate clips (like a silent movie)• if you make an error, rewind to last title card & reshoot

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Example Videos

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Video Prototyping Tutorial

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Tips & Tricks

• Add structure to better explain context– begin with a title– follow with an “establishing shot”

• shows user in context defined by the scenario– create series of closeup & mid-range shots, interspersed

with title cards to tell the story– place a final card with credits at the end

• Use colored paper for title cards to make easy to find when editing/searching video

• “Time-lapse photography” lets images appear & disappear based on user interaction– e.g., illustrate pop-up menu by recording clip of user

pressing button, pause camera, add menu, restart camera• Be careful about taking video out of the original

design setting for ethical reasons (context matters)

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High Quality (& Budget) Video Prototypes

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Next Time

• Presentations