Program OverviewProgram Overview

Exploring the Human Resources/Economic Development Connection

Exploring the Human Resources/Economic Development Connection

Community Choices: Public Policy Education Program

Community Choices: Public Policy Education Program

©March 2000 The Southern Rural Development Center

Henry CothranUniversity of Florida

Bo BeaulieuSouthern Rural Development Center

The Current SituationThe Current Situation

Rural America leads the nation in:

Families living in poverty.

Rate of unemployment/underemployment.

Functionally illiterate adults.

Only a small segment of rural workforce

has a college education or more. These human capital shortfalls can

impede economic and social progress in

rural areas. Situation is most acute in the South.

Rural America leads the nation in:

Families living in poverty.

Rate of unemployment/underemployment.

Functionally illiterate adults.

Only a small segment of rural workforce

has a college education or more. These human capital shortfalls can

impede economic and social progress in

rural areas. Situation is most acute in the South.

Many college-educated rural residents

move to urban communities. Brain drain remains significant in rural

areas. Essential for the community to explore

how its economic future is shaped by its

human resource conditions.

Many college-educated rural residents

move to urban communities. Brain drain remains significant in rural

areas. Essential for the community to explore

how its economic future is shaped by its

human resource conditions.

TheThe Current Situation (cont.)TheThe Current Situation (cont.)

Purposes and ObjectivesPurposes and Objectives

To offer local citizens an opportunity to study and resolve problems in their community using the framework.

Four objectives: Introduce the public policy education framework.

Strengthen citizens’ understanding of human

resource and economic development issues.

Mobilize citizens to explore links between human

attributes and economic development

opportunities.

Enhance citizens’ involvement in working on

solutions to identified problems.

To offer local citizens an opportunity to study and resolve problems in their community using the framework.

Four objectives: Introduce the public policy education framework.

Strengthen citizens’ understanding of human

resource and economic development issues.

Mobilize citizens to explore links between human

attributes and economic development

opportunities.

Enhance citizens’ involvement in working on

solutions to identified problems.

Format and ResourcesFormat and Resources

Most modules contain: Instructor’s Guide

Module Overview

Small Group Activities

Transparency Masters

Background Readings and References

Most modules contain: Instructor’s Guide

Module Overview

Small Group Activities

Transparency Masters

Background Readings and References

Table 1. Topics CoveredTable 1. Topics Covered

The Public Policy Education Model

The Public Policy Education Model

Exploring the Human Resources/Economic Development Connection

Exploring the Human Resources/Economic Development Connection

Community Choices: Public Policy Education Program

Community Choices: Public Policy Education Program

8 March 2000 The Southern Rural Development Center

Module One:Module One:

ObjectivesObjectives

Determine the meaning of public policy

education. Know the criteria for assessing which

issues can be characterized as public

policy issues. Understand how to use the public policy

education model for addressing issues

of local importance.

Determine the meaning of public policy

education. Know the criteria for assessing which

issues can be characterized as public

policy issues. Understand how to use the public policy

education model for addressing issues

of local importance.

Give citizens a better understanding of

community policy issues. Stimulate citizens’ interest/involvement

in local policy decisions. Enhance community’s capacity to arrive

at key policy decisions. Help citizens participate in the

democratic process.

Give citizens a better understanding of

community policy issues. Stimulate citizens’ interest/involvement

in local policy decisions. Enhance community’s capacity to arrive

at key policy decisions. Help citizens participate in the

democratic process.

Foundation for the Public Policy Education Program

Foundation for the Public Policy Education Program

Key TermsKey Terms

Policy—agreed upon course of action. Public Policy—a designated course of

action adopted by a governmental entity. Education—process of imparting

information and technical assistance to

people and communities. Public Policy Education—program that

applies the university’s knowledge base

to assist citizens in making informed

policy choices.

Policy—agreed upon course of action. Public Policy—a designated course of

action adopted by a governmental entity. Education—process of imparting

information and technical assistance to

people and communities. Public Policy Education—program that

applies the university’s knowledge base

to assist citizens in making informed

policy choices.

Characteristics of Public Policy IssuesCharacteristics of Public Policy Issues

Involve problems that require group

decision. Solutions are based on value judgments. Issues are of broad interest and concern. Deal with controversial matters. Tend to be recognized by decision-

makers as problems/concerns.

Involve problems that require group

decision. Solutions are based on value judgments. Issues are of broad interest and concern. Deal with controversial matters. Tend to be recognized by decision-

makers as problems/concerns.

ValuesValues

People’s views of what should be or

what the desirable situation should be. A person’s perceptions of what is good

and bad. Affect how people think about problems

and policy strategies. Conflicts arise when people discuss

public policy issues with different sets of

values.

People’s views of what should be or

what the desirable situation should be. A person’s perceptions of what is good

and bad. Affect how people think about problems

and policy strategies. Conflicts arise when people discuss

public policy issues with different sets of

values.

Figure 1. The Public Policy Education Model

Source: House and Hahn.

Prepared byPrepared by

Lionel J. BeaulieuSouthern Rural Development Center

March 2000

Understanding the Local Economy

Understanding the Local Economy

Exploring the Human Resources/Economic Development Connection

Exploring the Human Resources/Economic Development Connection

Community Choices: Public Policy Education Program

Community Choices: Public Policy Education Program

8 March 2000 The Southern Rural Development Center

Module Four:Module Four:

Events That Have Impacted the Economy of Rural Areas

Events That Have Impacted the Economy of Rural Areas

Employment declines in agriculture,

manufacturing, and natural resource-

based industries. National shift toward a service and

information-based economy. Development of new technology. Internationalization of the U.S. economy. Structural shifts within agriculture and

manufacturing.

Employment declines in agriculture,

manufacturing, and natural resource-

based industries. National shift toward a service and

information-based economy. Development of new technology. Internationalization of the U.S. economy. Structural shifts within agriculture and

manufacturing.

Challenges Facing Rural AreasChallenges Facing Rural Areas

Maintaining and enhancing the

competitiveness of farms and rural

businesses. Further diversifying the rural economy. Easing the transition for families. Providing technical and educational

assistance for local government. Identifying options for increasing jobs and

income. Helping conserve and manage natural

resources.

Maintaining and enhancing the

competitiveness of farms and rural

businesses. Further diversifying the rural economy. Easing the transition for families. Providing technical and educational

assistance for local government. Identifying options for increasing jobs and

income. Helping conserve and manage natural

resources.

Module 4: ObjectivesModule 4: Objectives

To present export base theory as a

model of the way a local economy

works. To relate general export base theory to

your home state and community. To use the export base model to

examine local economic development

alternatives.

To present export base theory as a

model of the way a local economy

works. To relate general export base theory to

your home state and community. To use the export base model to

examine local economic development

alternatives.

Export Base TheoryExport Base Theory

Basic Industry—Consists of those local

firms that sell goods and services

outside the local areas. Service Industry—Consists of those

firms that sell goods and services in

local markets. Includes inputs to basic

industries and goods and services to

local residents.

Basic Industry—Consists of those local

firms that sell goods and services

outside the local areas. Service Industry—Consists of those

firms that sell goods and services in

local markets. Includes inputs to basic

industries and goods and services to

local residents.

Direct Impacts—sales, jobs, and income

generated directly by firms producing for

non-local markets. Indirect Impacts—sales, jobs, and

income generated by firms selling goods

and services to basic industries. Induced Impacts—sales, jobs, and

income generated by spending activities

of employees in direct and indirect firms. Multiplier—sum of direct, indirect, and

induced impacts.

Direct Impacts—sales, jobs, and income

generated directly by firms producing for

non-local markets. Indirect Impacts—sales, jobs, and

income generated by firms selling goods

and services to basic industries. Induced Impacts—sales, jobs, and

income generated by spending activities

of employees in direct and indirect firms. Multiplier—sum of direct, indirect, and

induced impacts.

How Basic Industries Influence Local Economic Development

How Basic Industries Influence Local Economic Development

Growth measure in economic or

demographic terms. A particular event in a community, such

as a new shopping facility or industrial

plant. Programs to improve local services,

increase equality of opportunity, and

expand the economic based of the

community.

Growth measure in economic or

demographic terms. A particular event in a community, such

as a new shopping facility or industrial

plant. Programs to improve local services,

increase equality of opportunity, and

expand the economic based of the

community.

Defining Economic Development: Some Perspectives

Defining Economic Development: Some Perspectives

What it is, however, is a system for

meeting the needs and wants of people

in a particular geographic area over time.

The capacity to meet these needs

serves as the focus of the the economic

development process over time.

What it is, however, is a system for

meeting the needs and wants of people

in a particular geographic area over time.

The capacity to meet these needs

serves as the focus of the the economic

development process over time.

Defining Economic Development: Some Perspectives (cont.)

Defining Economic Development: Some Perspectives (cont.)

Improve efficiency of existing firms. Improve ability to capture dollars. Attract new basic employers. Encourage business formation. Increase aid from broader government.

Improve efficiency of existing firms. Improve ability to capture dollars. Attract new basic employers. Encourage business formation. Increase aid from broader government.

Economic Development AlternativesEconomic Development Alternatives

Economic development successes are likely to be based on a mix of

activities . . .

Economic development successes are likely to be based on a mix of

activities . . .

Rest of the World

Export Firms

Service Firms(Input Suppliers)

Service Firms(Local Population)

Local Population(Households)

Imports(Leakages

$ G&S

$ G&S

$ Labor

$

Labor

G&S$ G&S $ G&S

$

Goods and Services

Lab

or

Ser

vice

s

$

Goods and Services

$

Figure 1. Economic Activities of a Community

Export Firms: Some ExamplesExport Firms: Some Examples

• 1.___________________________

• 2.___________________________

• 3.___________________________

• 4.___________________________

• 5.___________________________

• 6.___________________________

Service Firms: Some ExamplesService Firms: Some Examples

• 1.___________________________

• 2.___________________________

• 3.___________________________

• 4.___________________________

• 5.___________________________

• 6.___________________________

Improve efficiency of existing firms. Improve ability to capture dollars. Attract new basic employers. Encourage business formation. Increase aid from broader government.

Improve efficiency of existing firms. Improve ability to capture dollars. Attract new basic employers. Encourage business formation. Increase aid from broader government.

Economic Development AlternativesEconomic Development Alternatives

Economic development successes are likely to be based on a mix of

activities . . .

Economic development successes are likely to be based on a mix of

activities . . .

Start educational programs to improve

management skills. Start a business-industry visitation

program. Identify capital sources to encourage

business growth. Provide educational programs to keep

local businesses aware of latest R&D. Improve quality of the local labor force. Provide local and regional services that

compete in price and quality.

Start educational programs to improve

management skills. Start a business-industry visitation

program. Identify capital sources to encourage

business growth. Provide educational programs to keep

local businesses aware of latest R&D. Improve quality of the local labor force. Provide local and regional services that

compete in price and quality.

Improve Efficiency of Existing FirmsImprove Efficiency of Existing Firms

Survey consumers to assess market potentials.

Revitalize downtown shopping districts or other retail areas.

Develop training programs for local retail and service.

Encourage residents and businesses to buy locally.

Seek to combine sales/service activities with recreational events.

Organize the retail and business community (I.e. Chamber of Commerce)

Survey consumers to assess market potentials.

Revitalize downtown shopping districts or other retail areas.

Develop training programs for local retail and service.

Encourage residents and businesses to buy locally.

Seek to combine sales/service activities with recreational events.

Organize the retail and business community (I.e. Chamber of Commerce)

Improve Ability to Capture DollarsImprove Ability to Capture Dollars

Develop local industrial, office or

commercial sites; have public services

in place; provide information on local

labor supply. Develop local and regional facilities

(such as transportation, recreation,

business services, communications) Provide local tax incentives that reduce

location or operating costs of new or

expanding firms.

Develop local industrial, office or

commercial sites; have public services

in place; provide information on local

labor supply. Develop local and regional facilities

(such as transportation, recreation,

business services, communications) Provide local tax incentives that reduce

location or operating costs of new or

expanding firms.

Attract New Basic EmployersAttract New Basic Employers

Lobby for state and federal programs

and facilities that could be located in the

community. Explore non-traditional sources of

employment—retirees, recreation

resources, trade centers, bedroom

community for nearby urban centers.

Lobby for state and federal programs

and facilities that could be located in the

community. Explore non-traditional sources of

employment—retirees, recreation

resources, trade centers, bedroom

community for nearby urban centers.

Attract New Basic Employers (cont.)Attract New Basic Employers (cont.)

Form capital groups to invest private

funds locally. Provide counseling and education

assistance to those wishing to start a

new business. Study the market potential for new retail,

wholesale, service, and input-providing

businesses.

Form capital groups to invest private

funds locally. Provide counseling and education

assistance to those wishing to start a

new business. Study the market potential for new retail,

wholesale, service, and input-providing

businesses.

Encourage Business FormationEncourage Business Formation

Be aware that adversity often stimulates

entrepreneurship. Adopt an encouraging community

attitude toward new businesses.

Be aware that adversity often stimulates

entrepreneurship. Adopt an encouraging community

attitude toward new businesses.

Encourage Business Formation (cont.)

Encourage Business Formation (cont.)

Seek to ensure that assistance programs

for the elderly, handicapped, and others

are being fully tapped. Obtain aid from state and federal

governments in the form of grants for

local projects (such as water and sewer

systems, streets, parks).

Seek to ensure that assistance programs

for the elderly, handicapped, and others

are being fully tapped. Obtain aid from state and federal

governments in the form of grants for

local projects (such as water and sewer

systems, streets, parks).

Increase Aid Received from Broader Government

Increase Aid Received from Broader Government

Community Choices: Understanding the Local Economy

Prepared byPrepared by

David MulkeyUniversity of Florida

March 2000

Community Choices: Understanding the Local Economy

Where can you find thesemodules?

Where can you find thesemodules?

http://srdc.msstate.edu/publications/commchoice/commchoice.htm