progressive presidents the progressive movement used government to reform problems created by...
TRANSCRIPT
Progressive Presidents
• The Progressive Movement used government to reform problems created by industrialization.• Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square
Deal” & Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”
The Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles
• Wilson’s 14 points• League of
Nations• Blames
Germany for the war (War Guilt Clause)
•Mandate System
Black Migration
• During the late 19th and early 20th century, African Americans began the “Great Migration” to Northern cities in search of jobs and to escape poverty and discrimination in the South.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff• Highest protective tariff to date•Wildly prohibitive duty on
imported goods resulted with 25 nations passing laws to restrict purchases American goods • Trade collapses…Bank Panic
Stock Market crash of 1929
• Over-speculation on stocks using borrowed money that could not be repaid. When the stock market crashed in 1929, stock prices collapsed, millions were left unemployed• Banks failed
The Great Depression• Causes of the depression• The New Deal:
This program changed the role of the government to a more active participant in
solving problems.Roosevelt rallied a frightened nation in
which one in four workers was unemployed. (“We have nothing to fear,
but fear itself.”)
The New Deal• FDR closes the banks • Orders 4 billion dollars to federal
banks to sure up the money supply• Government involvement vs.
laissez-faire approach to recovery
FDR & the “New Deal”•Master politician, the fireside
chats• •Major programs: FDIC, WPA, AAA,
Social security
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
• “ A day that will live in infamy” FDR• U.S. declares
war on Japan the next day
Japanese-American Interment Camps during WW II
D-DAY June 6th, 1944 Liberation of Europe
Manhattan Project & the Atomic Bomb
• Project to develop the atomic bomb in New Mexico
More WW II stuff• Term: island hopping, how the
U.S. moved across the Pacific to defeat the Japanese• The battle of El Alimien in North
Africa•Midway, the turning point in the
Pacific
Nuremberg Trials
Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe
Cold War
• The Marshall Plan• Truman Doctrine – policy of
containment• Berlin Wall erected in 1961
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization & Collective Security
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as a defensive alliance among the United States and western European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. Soviet allies in Eastern Europe formed the Warsaw Pact and for nearly 50 years both sides maintained large military forces facing each other in Europe.
Mao & Communist China• By 1949,
Communist forces control mainland China• Break from the
Soviets
McCarthyism & the Red Scare
• Red Scare
• Senator Joseph McCarthy played on American fears of communism by recklessly accusing many American governmental officials and citizens of being communists based on flimsy or no evidence. This led to the coining of the term McCarthyism, or the making of false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association.
• Jonas Salk finds a cure for polio
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 1954
• Plessy vs. Ferguson reversed
• Virginia closes public schools
• Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP
Dr. Martin Luther KingNon-violent protest
Gandhi
FidelCastro
• Fidel Castro led a communist revolution that took over Cuba in the late 1950s. Many Cubans fled to Florida and later attempted to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. This “Bay of Pigs” invasion failed.
• In 1962, the Soviet Union stationed missiles in Cuba, instigating the Cuban Missile Crisis. President Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove their missiles and for several days the world was on the brink of nuclear war. Eventually, the Soviet leadership “blinked” and removed their missiles.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964• The act prohibited discrimination based on
race, religion, national origin, and gender.• It also desegregated public accommodations.• Voting Rights Act of 1965• The act outlawed literacy tests.• Federal registrars were sent to the South to
register voters.• The act resulted in an increase in African
American voters.
Vietnam War
• Gulf of Tonkin• Tet Offensive• Vietnamization
July, 1969
• President Kennedy’s dream fulfilled•Man lands on
the moon
A Conservative Shift• Tax Cuts• Supply-side
economics (trickle down theory)• Recession &
Recovery
Sandra Day O’Connor
1st Woman appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States
Fall of the Soviet Union• 1989, satellite nations
forced democratic elections• Berlin Wall comes
down• East & West Germany
reunited
• Pro-democracy student protest leads to a violent crackdown on Chinese citizens• Human Rights at
issueChina, 1989
World’s Hot Spots – The Middle East
• Persian Gulf• Ongoing Middle
East conflict• Oil
• OPEC
• Operation Desert Storm• Desert Storm…Kuwait is
liberated after Iraq invasion• UN effort led by the United
States (Persian Gulf War, 1991)
The End
• This does not include everything, but it does cover a sufficient amount of material that should insure your success on the Virginia SOL exam• Good Luck!!!