1.the progressive movement begins 2.roosevelt becomes a progressive 3.progressivism continues under...
TRANSCRIPT
1. The Progressive movement begins2. Roosevelt becomes a progressive3. Progressivism continues under Taft4. Woodrow Wilson declares a “New Freedom”
Chapter 21 The Chapter 21 The Progressive EraProgressive Era
ORIGINS OF ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISMPROGRESSIVISM
As America entered As America entered into the 20into the 20thth century, century, middle class reformers middle class reformers addressed many social addressed many social problems problems
Work conditions, Work conditions, rights for women and rights for women and children, economic children, economic reform, environmental reform, environmental issues and social issues and social welfare were a few of welfare were a few of these issues these issues
Section 1: The Progressive Section 1: The Progressive Movement BeginsMovement Begins
Progressive MovementProgressive Movement• 4 Goals4 Goals
1. Protecting Social Welfare1. Protecting Social Welfare
2.2. Creating Economic ReformCreating Economic Reform
3.3. Promoting Moral ImprovementPromoting Moral Improvement
4. Fostering Efficiency4. Fostering Efficiency
• Religious Groups Seek ReformReligious Groups Seek Reform• YMCA & YWCAYMCA & YWCA• Salvation ArmySalvation Army
1.PROTECT SOCIAL 1.PROTECT SOCIAL WELFAREWELFARE
Industrialization in the Industrialization in the late 19late 19thth century was century was largely unregulatedlargely unregulated
Employers felt little Employers felt little responsibility toward responsibility toward their workerstheir workers
As a result Settlement As a result Settlement homes and churches homes and churches served the communityserved the community
Also the Also the YMCAYMCA and and Salvation Army took on Salvation Army took on service rolesservice roles
MUCKRAKERS EXPOSE MUCKRAKERS EXPOSE SOCIAL EVILSSOCIAL EVILS
Teddy Roosevelt coined the term, Teddy Roosevelt coined the term, “Muckrakers” and he felt they pointed “Muckrakers” and he felt they pointed out only the bad in society.out only the bad in society.
Journalists known as “Muckrakers” Journalists known as “Muckrakers” exposed corruption in businessexposed corruption in business
Some view Michael Moore as a modern muckraker
Progressive Movement Progressive Movement ContinuedContinued
• MuckrakersMuckrakers• Lincoln Lincoln
SteffensSteffens
• Ida M. TarbellIda M. Tarbell
• Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair
exposed Standard Oil exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating methods of eliminating competitioncompetition
Though Though most Progressivesmost Progressives did not did not embrace socialism, many writers saw embrace socialism, many writers saw
the truth in Debs’ criticismthe truth in Debs’ criticism
• Radical GroupsRadical Groups
• Socialist Party & Eugene V. DebsSocialist Party & Eugene V. Debs
2. CREATE ECONOMIC 2. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORMREFORM
The Panic of 1893 The Panic of 1893 prompted some prompted some Americans to question Americans to question the capitalist the capitalist economic systemeconomic system
As a result some As a result some workers embraced workers embraced socialismsocialism
Eugene DebsEugene Debs organized the organized the American Socialist American Socialist Party in 1901Party in 1901
Debs encouraged workers to reject American Capitalism
3. PROMOTE MORAL 3. PROMOTE MORAL DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
Some reformers felt Some reformers felt that the answer to that the answer to societies problems societies problems was personal behaviorwas personal behavior
They proposed such They proposed such reforms as prohibitionreforms as prohibition
Groups wishing to ban Groups wishing to ban alcohol included thealcohol included the Woman’s Christian Woman’s Christian Temperance UnionTemperance Union (WCTU)(WCTU)
4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY
Many Progressive Many Progressive leaders put their faith leaders put their faith in scientific principles in scientific principles to make society betterto make society better
In Industry, Frederick In Industry, Frederick Taylor began using Taylor began using time & motion studies time & motion studies to improve factory to improve factory efficiencyefficiency
Taylorism became an Taylorism became an Industry fad as Industry fad as factories sought to factories sought to complete each task complete each task quickly quickly
Cleaning up GovernmentCleaning up GovernmentReform MayorsReform Mayors
• Hazen Pingree-Detroit--- unemploymentHazen Pingree-Detroit--- unemployment
built schools & parksbuilt schools & parks
lowered street car priceslowered street car prices
• Thomas L. Johnson-ClevelandThomas L. Johnson-Cleveland
hired honest workers, held large city hired honest workers, held large city
meetings in tents “open transperency”meetings in tents “open transperency”
• Samuel M. “Golden Rule” Jones-ToledoSamuel M. “Golden Rule” Jones-Toledo
believed in applying the teachings of Christ to believed in applying the teachings of Christ to citizenscitizens
Reforming Local GovernmentsReforming Local Governments
Galveston, Texas- Galveston, Texas- Commission form of Commission form of governmentgovernment
5 member commission of EXPERTS
Dayton, Ohio- Dayton, Ohio- Council-Manager form of Council-Manager form of governmentgovernment
City elects a council who then appoints a City elects a council who then appoints a managermanager
Under the progressive Under the progressive Republican leadership of Republican leadership of Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette, , WisconsinWisconsin
led the way in regulating led the way in regulating big businessbig business
State Level---Reform State Level---Reform GovernorsGovernors
Robert M. LaFolletteRobert M. LaFollette “Fighting Bob”-Wisconsin“Fighting Bob”-Wisconsin
targeted the Rail Road targeted the Rail Road IndustryIndustry
Protecting WorkersProtecting Workers• Minimum WageMinimum Wage• Minimum HoursMinimum Hours• Child Labor LawsChild Labor Laws
Reforming ElectionsReforming Elections• Oregon SystemOregon System
• Direct Primary—people not party leaders Direct Primary—people not party leaders elect candidates of the elect candidates of the
PartyParty
• 1717thth Amendment—Direct election of Amendment—Direct election of Senators by the people, not the members Senators by the people, not the members of the House of Representatives.of the House of Representatives.
• Initiative– Ohio hasInitiative– Ohio has• Referendum--- Ohio hasReferendum--- Ohio has• RecallRecall
ROOSEVELT AND THE ROOSEVELT AND THE ROUGH RIDERSROUGH RIDERS
Roosevelt grabbed Roosevelt grabbed national attention by national attention by advocating war with advocating war with Spain in 1898Spain in 1898
His volunteer cavalry His volunteer cavalry brigade, brigade, the Rough the Rough Riders,Riders, won public won public acclaim for its role in acclaim for its role in the battle at San Juan the battle at San Juan Hill in CubaHill in Cuba
Roosevelt returned a Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon hero and was soon elected governor of NY elected governor of NY and later McKinley’s and later McKinley’s vice-president vice-president
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
Section 2: Roosevelt Becomes Section 2: Roosevelt Becomes a Progressive Leadera Progressive Leader
• Assassination of William Assassination of William McKinleyMcKinley
• T.R. becomes youngest T.R. becomes youngest PresidentPresident
• Square DealSquare Deal• Increasing Federal PowerIncreasing Federal Power• Federal ArbitrationFederal Arbitration
• Coal Strike (1902)Coal Strike (1902)• Trust BustingTrust Busting• Regulating TransportationRegulating Transportation• Protecting HealthProtecting Health• Conserving Natural ResourcesConserving Natural Resources
TRUSTBUSTINGTRUSTBUSTING
By 1900, By 1900, Trusts Trusts – – legal bodies created legal bodies created to hold stock in to hold stock in many companies – many companies – controlled 80% of controlled 80% of U.S. industriesU.S. industries
Roosevelt filed 44 Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits antitrust suits under the Sherman under the Sherman Antitrust ActAntitrust Act
1902 COAL STRIKE1902 COAL STRIKE
In 1902 In 1902 140,000 140,000 coal minerscoal miners in in Pennsylvania went on Pennsylvania went on strike for increased wages, strike for increased wages, a 9-hour work day, and the a 9-hour work day, and the right to unionizeright to unionize
Mine owners refused to Mine owners refused to bargainbargain
Roosevelt called in both Roosevelt called in both sides and sides and settled the settled the disputedispute
Thereafter, when a strike Thereafter, when a strike threatened public welfare, threatened public welfare, the federal government the federal government was expected to step in was expected to step in and helpand help
PURE FOOD AND DRUG PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACTACT
In response to In response to unregulated claims unregulated claims and unhealthy and unhealthy products, Congress products, Congress passed the passed the Pure Pure Food and Drug ActFood and Drug Act in in 19061906
The Act halted the The Act halted the sale of contaminated sale of contaminated foods and medicines foods and medicines and called for truth and called for truth in labelingin labeling
The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other
harmful ingredients off the market
ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTSACCOMPLISHMENTS
Roosevelt set aside Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of 148 million acres of forest reservesforest reserves
He also set aside 1.5 He also set aside 1.5 million acres of million acres of water-power sites water-power sites and he established 50 and he established 50 wildlife sanctuaries wildlife sanctuaries and several and several national national parksparks
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTSRIGHTS
Roosevelt failed to Roosevelt failed to support Civil support Civil Rights for African Rights for African AmericansAmericans
He did, however, He did, however, support a few support a few individuals such as individuals such as Booker T. Booker T. WashingtonWashington
NAACP FORMED NAACP FORMED To PROMOTE RIGHTSTo PROMOTE RIGHTS
In 1909 a number of In 1909 a number of African Americans and African Americans and prominent white prominent white reformers formed the reformers formed the National Association for National Association for the Advancement of the Advancement of Colored PeopleColored People
The The NAACPNAACP had 6,000 had 6,000 members by 1914 members by 1914
The goal of the The goal of the organization was full organization was full equality among the racesequality among the races
The means to achieve The means to achieve this was the court this was the court systemsystem
Section 3: Progressivism Section 3: Progressivism Continues Under TaftContinues Under Taft
• William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft• Heaviest PresidentHeaviest President• Only person to be Only person to be
both President & both President & Chief Justice of the Chief Justice of the U.S.S.C.U.S.S.C.
• Tariff IssueTariff Issue• Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff
• Public LandsPublic Lands• ConservationConservation• Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot
Progressivism Under TaftProgressivism Under Taft• Joe “Uncle Joe” Joe “Uncle Joe”
CannonCannon• ConservativesConservatives• Reform-minded Reform-minded
RepublicansRepublicans• Bull Moose PartyBull Moose Party
• ““New Nationalism”New Nationalism”• Roosevelt againRoosevelt again• Republican Party splitsRepublican Party splits
• Election of 1912Election of 1912• TaftTaft• RooseveltRoosevelt• WilsonWilson
1912 ELECTION1912 ELECTION Republicans split in 1912 Republicans split in 1912
between Taft and Teddy between Taft and Teddy Roosevelt (who returned Roosevelt (who returned after a long trip to Africa)after a long trip to Africa)
Convention delegates Convention delegates nominated Taft nominated Taft
Some Republicans Some Republicans formed a third party – formed a third party – The Bull Moose PartyThe Bull Moose Party and and nominated Rooseveltnominated Roosevelt
The Democrats put The Democrats put forward a reform - forward a reform - minded New Jersey minded New Jersey Governor, Woodrow Governor, Woodrow WilsonWilson
Republicans split in 1912
Wilson Declares a “New Wilson Declares a “New Freedom”Freedom”
• Progressive Reform Progressive Reform Continues Under Continues Under WilsonWilson
• Underwood TariffUnderwood Tariff• Banking System Banking System
ReformedReformed• LiberalsLiberals• Elastic CurrencyElastic Currency• Federal Reserve Federal Reserve
SystemSystem
WILSON’S NEW WILSON’S NEW FREEDOMFREEDOM
As America’s newly As America’s newly elected president, elected president, Wilson moved to Wilson moved to enact his program, enact his program, the “New Freedom”the “New Freedom”
He planned his He planned his attack on what he attack on what he called the triple wall called the triple wall of privilege: of privilege: trusts, trusts, tariffs, and high tariffs, and high financefinanceW. Wilson U.S. President
1912-1920
CLAYTON ANTITRUST CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACTACT
In 1914 Congress In 1914 Congress enacted the Clayton enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act which Antitrust Act which strengthened the strengthened the Sherman ActSherman Act
The Clayton Act The Clayton Act prevented companies prevented companies from acquiring stock from acquiring stock from another company from another company (Anti-monopoly)(Anti-monopoly)
The Act also The Act also supported workers supported workers unionsunions
FEDERAL TRADE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FORMEDCOMMISSION FORMED
The FTC was formed The FTC was formed in 1914 to serve as in 1914 to serve as a “watchdog” a “watchdog” agency to end agency to end unfair unfair business practicesbusiness practices
The FTC protects The FTC protects consumers from consumers from business fraud business fraud
Today the FTC has been working on protecting consumers from ID theft
FEDERAL INCOME TAX FEDERAL INCOME TAX ARRIVESARRIVES
Wilson worked hard Wilson worked hard to lower tariffs, to lower tariffs, however that lost however that lost revenue had to be revenue had to be made up made up
Ratified in 1916, the Ratified in 1916, the 1616thth Amendment Amendment legalized a legalized a graduated graduated federal federal income taxincome tax
WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGEWOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE Native-born, educated, Native-born, educated,
middle-class women middle-class women grew more and more grew more and more impatient impatient
Through local, state Through local, state and national and national organization, vigorous organization, vigorous protests and World protests and World War I, women finally War I, women finally realized their dream in realized their dream in 19201920The 19th Amendment gave women
the right to vote in 1920
1919thth Amendment Amendment
Women’s Women’s Suffrage= Suffrage= – women get women get
the right to the right to votevote
LIMITS OF LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISMPROGRESSIVISM
While the While the Progressive era Progressive era was responsible for was responsible for many important many important reforms, it failed to reforms, it failed to make gains for make gains for African AmericansAfrican Americans
Like Roosevelt and Like Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson Taft, Wilson retreated on Civil retreated on Civil Rights once in Rights once in officeoffice
The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s