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Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture School of Architecture, Building and Design

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [ARC3512]

Project 2: Industrialised Building System (IBS)

Group Members:

AUDREY CHAN CHU SIEN 0300457 BERNARD LING CHING CHIONG 0301892 CHEW MEE KOON 0301645 CHUA MER SIE 0302059 KIU GUAN YING 0309003 LAU WEI ANN 1101P13485 SOON JIA WEI 1101P12860

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Contents Page

1.0 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

2.0 Precedent study -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-12 - 2.1 Introduction of precedent

- 2.2 Orthographic drawings

- 2.3 Identification of IBS

- 2.4 IBS study

3.0 Case study ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-23 - 3.1 Introduction to Metro Kajang Apartments

- 3.2 Orthographic drawings

- 3.3 Detail drawing

4.0 Schedule ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 - 4.1 Column snd beam schedule

- 4.2 Wall schedule

- 4.3 Floor slab schedule

- 4.4 Roof schedule

- 4.5 Windows and doors schedule

- 4.6 Energy efficiency, ecological impact, embodied energy

5.0 Model Making Process ----------------------------------------------------------- 31-36

6.0 Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

7.0 References ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Introduction to IBS Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a term used in Malaysia for a technique of construction where by components are manufactured in a controlled environment, either at site or off site, placed and assembled into construction works. Worldwide, IBS is also known as Pre-fabricated/Pre-fab Construction, Modern Method of Construction (MMC) and Off-site Construction. CIDB Malaysia, through IBS Centre is promoting the usage of IBS to increase productivity and quality at construction sites through various promotion programmes, training and incentives. The content of IBS (IBS Score) is determined based on the Construction Industry Standard 18 (CIS 18: 2010); either manually, web application or fully automated CAD-based IBS Score calculator.

Aim To develop understanding in IBS construction method

To apply appropriate IBS construction method in the production of a model for a specific building

To demonstrate understanding of IBS construction process through model making

To develop understanding in matters related to energy efficiency and ecological impact

Benefits of using IBS System The Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) promises elevated levels of expertise throughout the industry, from manufacturers, installers, engineers, planners, designers, and developers. The benefits of IBS are numerous and far reaching. Reduced construction time, better site management, reduced wastage are but a few of these benefits, that will ultimately produce better products for the population.

- Aesthetically pleasing No protruding beams and column within interior

- Consistent Quality Architectural features can be easily introduced, manufactured with factory quality consistency

- Speed of Construction Fast, as work at site runs concurrently with panel production

- Labour efficient Through mechanization, reduce up to 30% labour

- Environmental Friendly Less usage of formworks on site, less brickwork and plastering, hence less work

- Better safety on sites External wall panels act as permanent barrier and reduce risk of falling objects and accidents

- Better cash flow Faster collection since precast panel installed are complete with structure, plastered wall, door and window frames and M&E works

1.0 INTRODUCTION

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2.1 Introduction to precedent study

Seri Mutiara Apartment located at setia alam is designed by Ar. Kiat Tung from T&T architect sdn bhd.

It is a 939 sq ft apartment with facilities such as a business centre, cafeteria, club house, gymnasium,

jogging track, mini market, nursey, playground, salon, swimming pool and 24hour security. It is

accessible through NKVE Setia Alam interchange, Shapadu Highway, Federal Highway and the North-

South Highway. It is an apartment of IBS precast system built by Setia Precast sdn bhd, which is part

of the SP Setia BHD group.

Exterior renderings of the Seri Mutiara Apartment at Setia Alam.

Exterior renderings of the Seri Mutiara Apartment at Setia Alam.

2.0 PRECEDENT STUDY

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2.2 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS

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TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

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FRONT ELEVATION

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PRECAST CONCRETE LAYOUT ON PLAN

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2.3 Idenfication of IBS Systems

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2.4 IBS STUDY

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Original Design Metro Kajang Service Apartment is located in Kajang, Selangor. In the original plan, it consists of two blocks of service apartments and one block of hotel. The ground floor consist of a car park, m&e and retails. The first to 4th floor are car parks, the 5th floor is the facilities floor and the 6th to 24th floor are the apartment units. The total land area is 5.66 acre with 370 nos of service apartment units and 352 nos of hotel rooms.

Master plan of Metro Kajang Exterior images of Metro Kajang Service Apartments and Hotels

After amending

Am I

3.0 CASE STUDY

3.1 Introduction to Metro Kajang Apartments

For the benefits of this IBS assignment, we have amended the serviced apartments into only three floors. We have also changed the roof design to a curved roof.

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3.2 Orthographic Drawings

SCALE 1:100

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SCALE 1:100

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SCALE 1:100

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SCALE 1:100

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SCALE 1:100

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SCALE 1:100

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SCALE 1:100

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3.3 Detail Drawings

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4.1 Column and Beam Schedule

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Floor slab layout

4.2 Floor Schedule

FLOOR DIMENSION

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4.3 Wall Schedule

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4.4 Roof Schedule

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4.5 Windows and Doors Schedule

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Beam Name Length Area (m²) Volume (m³) Density(kg/m³) Mass(kg) Coefficient(mj/kg) Embodied Energy Total units Total BM1 0.3 0.693 0.2079 7750 1611.23 10.1 16273.4 15 244101

BM2 0.3 1.172 0.3516 7750 2724.90 10.1 27521.49 8 220171.92 BM3 0.3 0.413 0.1239 7750 960.23 10.1 9698.323 8 77586.584

BM4 0.3 1.247 0.3741 7750 2899.28 10.1 29282.728 8 234261.824 Total Embodied energy = 776121.33MJ

Column Name Length Area (m²) Volume (m³) Density(kg/m³) Mass(kg) Coefficient(mj/kg) Embodied Energy Units (per floor) Total

CO1 10.9 0.25 2.725 7750 21118.75 10.1 213299.375 8 1706395

Total Embodied energy = 1706395MJ

Floor Name Length Area (m²) Volume (m³) Density(kg/m³) Mass(kg) Coefficient(mj/kg) Embodied Energy Total units Total

F1 0.15 22.6 3.39 2400 8136 1.7 13831.2 6 82987.2

F2 0.15 17.1 2.57 2400 6168 1.7 10485.6 24 251654.4 F3 0.15 10.73 1.61 2400 3864 1.7 6568.8 12 78825.6

F4 0.15 11.46 1.72 2400 4128 1.7 7017.6 3 21052.8 F5 0.15 11.69 1.75 2400 4200 1.7 7140 6 42840

Total Embodied energy = 477360MJ

Window and Doors Name Length Area (m²) Volume (m³) Density(kg/m³) Mass(kg) Coefficient(mj/kg) Embodied Energy Total units Total WD1 1.5 0.03 0.045 2500 112.5 12.7 14228.75 12 17145

WD2 1.5 0.02 0.03 2500 75 12.7 952.5 12 11430

WD5 2.6 0.05 0.13 2500 325 12.7 4127.5 6 2476.5 Total Embodied energy = 53340MJ

Roof

Name Length Area (m²) Volume (m³) Density(kg/m³) Mass(kg) Coefficient(mj/kg) Embodied Energy Total units Total

R1 2 221.1 442.2 2700 1193940 170 202969800 1 202969800

R2 2 239.9 479.8 2700 1295460 170 220228200 1 220228200 Total Embodied energy = 423198000MJ

4.6 Energy Efficiency and embodied energy

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Wall

Name Length Area (m²) Volume (m³) Density(kg/m³) Mass(kg) Coefficient(mj/kg) Embodied Energy Total units Total

W1 0.15 7.85 1.1775 2400 2826 1.7 4804.2 4 19216.8

W2 0.15 8.6 1.29 2400 3096 1.7 5263.2 1 5263.2 W3 0.15 16.8 2.52 2400 6048 1.7 10281.6 2 20563.2

W4 0.15 13.8 2.07 2400 4968 1.7 8445.6 1 8445.6 W5 0.15 17 2.55 2400 6120 1.7 10404 2 20808

W6 0.15 29.2 4.38 2400 10512 1.7 17870 1 17870

W7 0.15 17.1 2.57 2400 6156 1.7 10465.2 2 20930.4 W8 0.15 22.4 3.36 2400 8064 1.7 13708.8 1 13708.8

W9 0.15 16.76 2.514 2400 6033.6 1.7 10257.1 2 20514.24 W10 0.15 27.3 4.095 2400 9828 1.7 16707.6 1 16707.6

W11 0.15 15.6 2.34 2400 5616 1.7 9547.2 1 9547.2 W12 0.15 10.8 1.62 2400 3888 1.7 6609.6 1 6609.6

W13 0.15 4.8 0.72 2400 2817 1.7 2937.6 4 11750.4

W14 0.15 4.8 0.72 2400 1287 1.7 2937.6 2 5875.2 W15 0.15 5.1 0.77 2400 1836 1.7 3121.2 1 3121.2

W16 0.15 22.5 3.38 2400 8100 1.7 13770 4 55080 W17 0.15 13.1 1.97 2400 4716 1.7 8017.2 1 8017.2

W18 0.15 8.7 1.31 2400 3144 1.7 5344.8 1 5344.8

W19 0.15 23.6 3.54 2400 8496 1.7 14443.2 1 14443.2 W20 0.15 14.5 2.175 2400 5220 1.7 8874 1 8874

W21 0.15 46 6.9 2400 16560 1.7 28152 1 28152 W22 0.15 25.5 3.83 2400 9180 1.7 15606 4 62424

W23 0.15 33.4 5.01 2400 12024 1.7 20440.8 1 20440.8 W24 0.15 22 3.3 2400 7920 1.7 13464 4 53856

W25 0.15 49 7.35 2400 17640 1.7 29988 3 89964

W26 0.15 37.1 5.56 2400 13356 1.7 22705.2 1 22705.2 W27 0.15 36 5.4 2400 12960 1.7 22032 1 22032

Total Embodied energy =592264.64MJ Total embodied energy of the whole apartment (3 storey) = 426803481MJ

Conclusion: The total embodied energy for this 3 storey apartment is 426803481MJ which is very high. This is due to the usage of aluminum sheet for roofing. The density and coefficient of aluminum is very high which causes the embodied energy to be very high as well. Besides that, steel framing also contribute to high embodied energy. To solve the problem of having high embodied energy, the roofing material should be changed to timber which has a much lower embodied energy and steel framing should be changed to concrete column and beams.

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5.0 Model Making Processes 5.0 Model Making Process

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IBS System gives a lot of advantages especially its speed of construction. Other benefits of using IBS systems include having a consistent quality, labour efficient, aesthetically pleasing, environmental friendly, better safety on sites and better cash flow. In this project of Metro Kajang apartments, we have chosen to use steel framing system, which is one of the 5 main IBS groups in Malaysia. This is because steel framing system can achieve a fast and simple construction. However, we have learnt that steel framing is very costly in Malaysia and has a high embodied energy. An option is to use recycled steel but it is better to use precast concrete system for a lower cost construction and lower embodied energy. We have also chosen to use aluminum roofing because it is easy to be bent into a curved shape. However, it has been proven to have a very high embodied energy. This could be solved by using a lower embodied energy material such as the timber roofing. Bachmann, H. and Steinle, A. (2011). Precast concrete structures. 1st ed. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.

Blanc, A., McEvay, M., Plank, R. (ed). 1983. Architecture and Construction in Steel. London: E + FN

Compiled by Legal Research Board. Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, 1997, International Law Book Services, Kuala Lumpur.

Conrads, S. and Othman, A. (2011). Industrialised building systems for housing the poor in South Africa. 1st ed. Saarbrucken, Germany: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.

Orton, Andrew, 2001, The Way We Build Now: Form Scale and Technique, Spon Press, London. Spon Press

Scharff, R. (1996). Residential steel framing handbook. 1st ed. New York: McGraw Hill.

Structuremag.org, (2014). STRUCTUREmag - Structural Engineering Magazine, Tradeshow: Arc Spot Welding Steel Deck – A Primer. [online] Available at: http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=1622

[Accessed 24 Jun. 2014].

User, S. (2014). IBS. [online] Cidb.gov.my. Available at: https://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv3/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35&Itemid=209&lang=en [Accessed 24 Jun. 2014].

6.0 CONCLUSION

7.0 REFERENCES