CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 NEWSPAPER A newspaper is a periodical publication containing news, other

informative articles (listed below), and usually advertising. A newspaper is

usually printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such

as newsprint. The news organizations that publish newspapers are

themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Most newspapers

now publish online as well as in print. The online versions are called online

newspapers or news sites.

Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly. News magazines are

also weekly, but they have a magazine format.

General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature

articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news

includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime,

severe weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and

technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing

and home fashion, and the arts. Typically the paper is divided into sections

for each of those major groupings. Most traditional papers also feature an

editorial page containing editorials written by an editor, op-ads written by

guest writers, and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists,

usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the

raw data of the news into information telling the reader "what it all means"

and persuading them to concur.

A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. Besides the

aforementioned news and opinions, they include weather forecasts; criticism

and reviews of the arts (including literature, film, television, theater, fine

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arts, and architecture) and of local services such as restaurants; obituaries;

entertainment features such as crosswords, horoscopes, editorial

cartoons, gag cartoons, and comic strips; advice, food, and other columns;

and radio and television listings (program schedules).

Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses (such

as journalists' wages, printing costs, and distribution costs) with a mixture

of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue (other

businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages,

including display ads, classified ads, and their online equivalents). Some

newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded; their

reliance on advertising revenue and on profitability is less critical to their

survival. The editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject

to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government.

Many newspapers, besides employing journalists on their own payrolls, also

subscribe to news agencies (wire services) (such as the Associated

Press, Reuters, or Agence France-Presse), which employ journalists to find,

assemble, and report the news, then sell the content to the various

newspapers. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting.

Circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the

world selling 395 million print copies a day (in the U.S., 1,450 titles selling

55 million copies). The late 2000s–early 2010s global recession, combined

with the rapid growth of free web-based alternatives, has helped cause a

decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers had to retrench

operations to increase profitability The decline in advertising revenues

affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums; print

advertising was once lucrative but due to those economic downturns has

suffered, and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of

their print precursors but are not as effective. Besides remodeling

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advertising, the internet also challenged the business models of the print-

only era by democratizing and crowd sourcing both publishing in general

(sharing information with others) and, more specifically, journalism (the

work of finding, assembling, and reporting the news). In addition, the rise

of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from many online

newspapers and other sources, influences the flow of web traffic. However,

as more and more online newspapers go to pay walls, these sources should

begin to dwindle.

DEFINITION OF NEWSPAPER:

A newspaper typically meets four criteria:

Publicity: Its contents are reasonably accessible to the public.

Periodicity: It is published at regular intervals.

Currency: Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule

allows.

Universality: It covers a range of topics.

1.2 HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER:

In Ancient Rome, Acta Diurna, or government announcement

bulletins, were produced. They were carved in metal or stone and

posted in public places.

In China, early government-produced news sheets, called Dibao,

circulated among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second

and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the Kaiyuan Za

Bao ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang Dynasty published

government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government

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officials. In 1582, there was the first reference to privately published

newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty.[5]

In Early modern Europe the increased cross-border interaction created

a rising need for information which was met by concise handwritten

newssheets, called avvisi. In 1556, the government of Venice first

published the monthly Notizie scritte, which cost one gazetta, a small

coin.[6] These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey

political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently to

Italian cities (1500–1700)—sharing some characteristics of

newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers.[7]

However, none of these publications fully met the classical criteria for

proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the

general public and restricted to a certain range of topics.

Industrial Revolution:

By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South

America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them

developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and

cultural preferences. Advances in printing technology related to

the Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to become an even more

widely circulated means of communication. In 1814, The Times (London)

acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per minute.

Soon, it was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once. This innovation

made newspapers cheaper and thus available to a larger part of the

population. In 1830, the first penny press newspaper came to the market:

Lynde M. Walter's Boston Transcript. Penny press papers cost about one

sixth the prices of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience In

France, Émile de Girardin started "La Presse" in 1836, introducing cheap,

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advertising-supported dailies to France. In 1848, August Zang, an Austrian

who knew Girardin in Paris, returned to Vienna to introduce the same

methods with "Die Presse" (which was named for and frankly copied

Girardin's publication)

Categories:

While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually

geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by

their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly

business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some

weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these

may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant populations, or the

local gay community.

Frequency:

Daily:

A daily newspaper is issued every day, sometimes with the exception of

Sundays and occasionally Saturdays, and often of some national holidays.

Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers tend to

be larger, include more specialized sections and advertising inserts, and cost

more. Typically, the majority of these newspapers' staff members’ work

Monday to Friday, so the Sunday and Monday editions largely depend on

content done in advance or content that is syndicated. Most daily

newspapers are published in the morning. Afternoon or evening papers, once

common but now scarce, are aimed more at commuters and office workers.

Weekly and other:

Weekly newspapers are published once a week, and tend to be smaller than

daily papers. Some newspapers are published two or three times a week; in

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the United States, such newspapers are generally called weeklies. Some

publications are published, for example, fortnightly.

Geographical scope and distribution

Local or regional:

A local newspaper serves a region such as a city, or part of a large city.

Almost every market has one or two newspapers that dominate the area.

Large metropolitan newspapers often have large distribution networks, and

can be found outside their normal area, sometimes widely, sometimes from

fewer sources.

National:

Most nations have at least one newspaper that circulates throughout the

whole country: a national newspaper. Some national newspapers, such

as The Financial Times and The Wall Street Journal, are specialized (in

these examples, on financial matters). There are many national newspapers

in the UK, but only few in the United States and Canada. In the United

States, in addition to national newspapers as such, The New York Times is

available throughout the country.

There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized

as international newspapers. Some, such as The International Herald

Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repackaged national

newspapers or "international editions" of national or large metropolitan

newspapers. In some cases articles that might not interest the wider range of

readers are omitted from international editions; in others, of interest

to expatriates, significant national news is retained.

As English became the international language of business and technology,

many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have

also developed English-language editions. In places as varied

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as Jerusalem and Mumbai, newspapers are printed for a local and

international English-speaking public, and for tourists. The advent of the

Internet has also allowed non-English-language newspapers to put out a

scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach.

Similarly, in many countries with a large foreign-language-speaking

population or many tourists, newspapers in languages other than the national

language are both published locally and imported. For example, newspapers

and magazines from many countries, and locally published newspapers in

many languages, are readily to be found on news-stands in central London.

Subject matter:

General newspapers cover all topics, with different emphasis. While at least

mentioning all topics, some might have good coverage of international

events of importance; others might concentrate more on national or local

entertainment or sports. Specialized newspapers might concentrate more

specifically on, for example, financial matters. There are publications

covering exclusively sports, or certain sports, horse-racing, theatre, and so

on, although they may no longer be called newspapers.

Print:

For centuries newspapers were printed on paper and distributed physically to

readers.

Online:

Virtually all printed newspapers have online editions distributed over the

Internet which, depending on the country may be regulated by journalism

organizations such as the Press Complaints Commission in the UK. But as

some publishers find their print-based models increasingly

unsustainable, Web-based "newspapers" have also started to appear, such as

the Southport Reporter in the UK and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, which

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stopped publishing in print after 149 years in March 2009 and went online

only.

Custom:

A new trend in newspaper publishing is the introduction

of personalization through on-demand printing technologies. Customized

newspapers allow the reader to create their individual newspaper through the

selection of individual pages from multiple publications. This "Best of"

approach allows reviving the print-based model and opens up a new

distribution channel to increase coverage beneath the usual boundaries of

distribution.

Customized newspapers online have been offered by My Yahoo, I-Google,

CRAYON, ICurrent.com, Kibboko.com, Twitter. Times and many others.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate newspaper readership

among students in Chennai city, hence the objectives for this study are:

1. To evaluate what impact newspaper create among students

2. To identify and prioritize the importance of newspaper for today’s

generation

3. To determine whether students read newspaper.

4. To examine the effects of newspaper readership.

5. To generate suggestion based on the finding of the study

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1.4 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY:

Newspapers as a Knowledge Source:

Frankly telling you that whenever I need a source of general knowledge then

many options come to mind but the most interesting and cheap option is

reading newspapers. Newspapers contain lots of general knowledge in it.

You can get the general knowledge of economics, Geography, Math,

Science and history etc. You can get a complete source of general

knowledge.

Newspapers as a Job Portal:

If you want a job which is near to your city then newspapers is the best

option because most of the firms announces their jobs opening in

newspapers. So read news papers to get in the touch of all the jobs near you.

And the most prestigious job exams like UPSC announce their updates in

newspapers. As you get job from it, you will get to know the importance of

reading newspaper.

Newspapers as a Study Portal:

When I was studying in 12th class then I didn’t have any medium to know

about exam notifications of IIT-JEE. It was difficult for me to know that

exam date has been announced but newspapers were the answers of my

problem. And whenever any updates came about any exam we got all the

information through the newspapers.

Newspapers as an Update Portal:

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Getting updates about anything is always a difficult task for everyone

because if you consider books for any updates then it is not a good option.

Updates usually come in books very lately. So who reads newspapers gets

the fastest updates from everywhere. Newspapers are the treasure of updates.

Newspapers as an Entertainer:

Oops for a student it may look somewhat wrong idea because in student life

we only focus on our study. But let me tell you one thing, entertainment is

also a part of our life. So entertain yourself and of course newspapers are the

great entertainer. You can read many stories, gossips and much more stuff in

newspapers to pass your time. Yes it is true that you should not waste your

time in it but little time pass does not harm anyone study.

Newspapers as a Language Teacher:

You have heard many times that if you want to improve your

communication skills in English then read newspapers. Yes it is very true

because in newspaper there are many terms which are used at social places.

It improves your vocabulary skills too because as many words you study as

your vocabulary will get improved. So newspapers are your good teacher

this way, read newspapers and improve your Language skills.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The newspaper is all important these days. It is almost the first thing that

greets you in the morning. You read what is happening in all parts of the

world and for a while get out of the narrow circle of your personal affairs.

So much is happening every day that unless you keep yourself abreast of

these changes you cannot adjust yourself to them or move with the times

smoothly and easily. Students in the modern age have no idea that how

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reading newspapers can help them. Now I will not waste your time and I just

come to the point that what is the importance of reading newspapers. But

newspapers contain much that is useless or even harmful. Newspapers have

a trick of handling sensational news that excites national passions. There is a

part of the means to increase circulation. They also help to decry or boost up

political parties according to the colour of the newspaper. A reader must be

particularly on guard against this type of journalism. He must be critical and

circumspect.

1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYDATA COLLECTION

This is an analytical study based on the details given by the customers of

Commercial banks who used e – banking facility. The study used both

primary and secondary data for its analysis.

PRIMARY DATA

Primary data regarding this topic was collected by using structured

questionnaire method.

SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data were collected from various website, journals, publication of

bank records and journals, and other publication.

SAMPLE SIZE

A sample of 50 respondents was chosen in Chennai banks. The present study

was carried out in Chennai city by selecting the respondents who were

possessing internet banking facilities.

SAMPLE DESIGN

Convenient sampling method was used in the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design for this study is descriptive. This research design is

undertaken with an idea to see customer satisfaction regarding e –banking.

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The main of such a design is to ensure that the required data collected

objectively, accurately and economically.

STATISTICAL TOOLS:

The study used simple percentage analysis for the purpose of analyzing the

customer’s satisfaction. The data was tabulated and classified. The

analysed data was represented by tables and charts.

1.7 PERIOD OF STUDY This study on the customer satisfaction of internet bank services in

Chennai was done during the period of 30 days

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY1. The study was conducted in Chennai region only. The results of the

study cannot be generalized to other areas due to demographical

differences.

2. The study is restricted to the opinion of the students only.

3. The sample size of the respondents was 50 only, which may not be

sufficient to conclude the accurate response.

4. The period of the study was only one month, which may not be

sufficient to conclude the accurate response.

5. The report is purely based on respondents’ data. There may be biased

information. Errors are most likely to in trace is still a sincere efforts

has been made to make the study genuine

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1.9 CHAPTERIZATION

Chapter I - It dealt with the introduction, statement of the problem,

objectives of the study and limitations.

Chapter II - It dealt with the theoretical background and review of literature

of the study.

Chapter III- This chapter dealt with the history of newspaper.

Chapter IV- This chapter provides analysis and interpretations.

Chapter V- This chapter provides the summary of findings and suggestions.

Chapter VI- This chapter provides the conclusion of the study.

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Chapter - 2

HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER IN INDIA

2.1 HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER IN INDIA:

Registrar of Newspapers for India, more popularly known as RNI, is a

statutory body of Government of India for newspapers in India. It was

established on 1 July 1956, on the recommendation of the First Press

Commission in 1953 and by amending the Press and Registration of Books

Act 1867. The Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India is

headquartered in New Delhi, and has three regional offices

at Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. RNI regulates and monitors printing and

publication of newspapers based on the Press and Registration of Books Act,

1867 and the Registration of Newspapers (Central) Rules, 1956.]The

registrar is designated as Press Registrar, and S M Khan a 1982 batch senior

IIS officer is the current Press Registrar and Head of Department.

The Press and Registration of Books Act contain the duties and functions of

the RNI. On account of some more responsibilities entrusted upon RNI

during all these years, the office is performing both statutory as well as some

non-statutory functions. Online registration system was formally inaugurated

in 2004 by the Information and Broadcasting Minster S. Jaipal Reddy.

Duties:

Under statutory functions, RNI performs the following duties

Compilation and maintenance of a Register of Newspapers containing

particulars about all the newspapers published;

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Issue of Certificate of Registration to newspapers published under valid

declaration;

Scrutiny and analysis of annual statements sent by the publishers of

newspapers every year under PRB Act containing information

on circulation, ownership etc.;

Informing district magistrates about availability of titles, to intending

publishers for filing declaration;

Ensuring that newspapers are published in accordance with the

provisions of PRB Act 1867 and the rules made there under;

Verification under Section 19-F of PRB Act, of circulation claims

furnished by the publishers in their Annual Statements; and

Preparation and submission to the Government on or before 31

December each year, a report containing all available information and

statistics about the press in India with particular reference to the

emerging trends in circulation and in the direction of common ownership

units etc.

The following fall under the non-statutory functions:

Formulation of Newsprint Allocation Policy – Guidelines and issue of

Eligibility Certificate to the newspapers to enable them to

import newsprint and to procure indigenous newsprint;

Assessing and certifying the essential need and requirement of

newspaper establishments to import printing and composing

machinery and allied materials.

Registration:

Registrar maintains the legal procedures for registering a newspaper, which

can be summarized as:

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1. As a first stage, the applicant applies for title verification of the

publication to the jurisdictional District Magistrate. The District

Magistrate will get the title verified from RNI.

2. After receiving the title verification letter from RNI, the applicant

needs to file a declaration for authentication before District

Magistrate.

3. After authentication, the newspaper must be published within 6 weeks

if it is published once a week or oftener than that. In case of any other

periodicity, the first issue should be published within 3 months from

the date of authentication.

4. After the first issue is published, the applicant needs to file an

application for registration, enclosing the following documents

1. Title verification letter

2. Authenticated declaration

3. An affidavit for no foreign tie-up

4. First issue and latest issue of the publication

5. Content intimation/ confirmation in the prescribed form

6. Certificate intimating appointment of the printer.

2.2 Newspaper available in Chennai:

2.2.1 About Dinakaran:

Dinakaran is a Tamil daily newspaper distributed in India. As of March

2010, Dinakaran is the largest Tamil daily newspaper in terms of net paid

circulation, which were 1,235,220. In terms of total readership, which was

16,741,000 as of May 2010, it is the second largest. Dinakaran is published

from 12 centres in India namely Chennai, Bangalore, New Delhi, Mumbai,

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Madurai, Coimbatore, Trichy, Salem, Nagercoil, Vellore, Nellai and

Pondicherry.

History:

Dinakaran was founded in 1977 by K. P. Kandasamy in support of Dravida

Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) when his father-in-law, S. P. Adithanar, chose

to support Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam during its split from DMK. In

2005, Dinakaran was acquired from his son K. P. K. Kumaran by Kalanithi

Maran's Sun Network.After,the acquisition, Dinakaran was headed by RMR

Ramesh and was made the largest selling Tamil daily for 2–3 years in a row.

In 2006 May, Dinakaran published the results of a series of opinion polls

which showed politician M. K. Stalin having more approval than his elder

brother M. K. Azhagiri.

2.2.2 About Dina Thanthi:

Dina thanthi is a reputed daily Tamil newspaper in Nellai, Bengaluru,

Mumbai, Chennai, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Madurai, Erode, Dindugal, Trichy,

Salem, Nagercoil, Cuddalore, Vellore, Puducherry and Thanjavur. It is

owned by Mr.B. Sivanthi Aditanar. It was founded by S. P. Adithanar, a

lawyer trained in Britain and practised in Singapore, with its first edition

from Madurai in 1942. The publication spread over Tamil Nadu and the

neighbouring states of Puducherry and Karnataka. In 1940, he opened

editions in Madras, Salem and Thiruchi. While the Salem attempt failed, the

Tiruchirapalli edition had to be reopened in 1954.

History:

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In 1945, Dina Thanthi was started in Salem with simultaneous editions in

Madras, Salem and Trichinopoly. It was founded by S.P. Aditanar, a lawyer

trained in Britain. He modeled Dina Thanthi on the style of an English

tabloid- The Daily Mirror. He aimed to bring out a newspaper that ordinary

people would read, and which would encourage a reading habit even among

the newly literate. In the past, the daily newspaper which was printed in

Madras reached the southern Tamil region after at least one day. Dina

Thanthi used the public bus system to distribute the paper throughout the

south Tamil region and capitalised on the hunger for war news that arose

after Singapore fell to the Japanese. Dina Thanthi became one of the largest

Tamil language dailies by circulation within a few years; it has been a

leading Tamil daily since the 1960s. It has today 15 editions. It is the highest

circulated Tamil daily in Bangalore. It issues a book called 10th, +2 Vina

Vidai Book, on every Wednesday during the second part of the year. The

model question papers of all the subjects of Standard 10 and 12 are provided

with answers along with the question papers of board exams that are

conducted previous year.

2.2.3 About Dinamalar:

Dinamalar is a daily newspaper published from Chennai,  Coimbatore, 

Madurai, Pondicherry, Tirunelveli, Nagercoil,Trichy, Erode, Vellore and Sal

em from Tamil Nadu state, India. Dinamalar was founded by T. V. Rama

subbaiyer. T. V. Rama subbaiyer started the news paper in Trivandrum in

year 1951 to voice for the cause of merging of Tamil speaking southern

region of India around Kanyakumari district with Madras presidency. The

company has an approximately 1500 employees across its 10 centers and an

approximate turnover of over 100 Crore Rupees.

History:

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In 1956, T. V. Ramasubbaiyer moved his operations to Tirunelveli. He

opened editorial units inTiruchirapalli in 1966 and Madras in

1979.Dinamalar is run as a partnership firm by the sons of T. V.

Ramasubbaiyer. R. Venkitapathy, R.Krishnamoorthy, R.Lakshmipathy,

R.Raghavan, and Mr.R.Sathyamoorthy are the Partners of Dinamalar

2.2.5 About The Hindu:

The Hindu is an English-language Indian daily newspaper. Headquartered

at Chennai, The Hindu was published weekly when it was launched in 1878,

and started publishing daily in 1889. It is the second most circulated

English-language newspaper in India, with average qualifying sales of 1.39

million copies as of December 2013. According to the Indian Readership

Survey in 2012, it was the third most widely read English newspaper in

India with a readership of 2.2 million people. The Hindu has its largest base

of circulation in southern India, and is the most widely read English daily

newspaper in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.The enterprise employed over 1,600

workers and annual turnover reached almost $200 million in 2010.

Subscription and advertisement are major sources of income. The

Hindu became, in 1995, the first Indian newspaper to offer an online

edition. As of October 2014, it is printed at 17 locations across eight states

Bangalore,  Chennai, Hyderabad,  Thiruvananthapuram,  Vijayawada,

Kolkata,  Coimbatore, Madurai,  Noida, 

Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Mangalore, Tiruchirapalli, Hubli,Mohali, Allahabad,

and Malappuram.

History:

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The Hindu was founded in Madras on 20 September 1878 as a weekly, by

what was known then as the Triplicane Six consisting of 4 law students and

2 teachers:- T. T. Rangachariar, P. V. Rangachariar, D. Kesava Rao Pantulu

and N. Subba Rao Pantulu, led by  and M. Veeraraghavachariar. Started in

order to support the campaign of Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer for a judgeship at

the Madras High Court and to counter the propaganda against him carried

out by the Anglo-Indian press, The Hindu was one of the many newspapers

of the period established to protest the discriminatory policies of the British

Raj. About 80 copies of the inaugural issue were printed at Srinidhi

Press, Georgetown on one rupee and twelve’s annas of borrowed money.

Subramanian Iyer became the first editor and Veeraraghavachariar, the

first managing director of the newspaper. In the late 1980s when its

ownership passed into the hands of the family's younger members, a

change in political leaning was observed. Worldpress.org lists The Hindu as

a left-leaning independent newspaper. Joint managing director N. Murali

said in July 2003.  Ram was appointed on 27 June 2003 as its editor-in-chief

with a mandate to "improve the structures and other mechanisms to uphold

and strengthen quality and objectivity in news reports and opinion pieces",

authorised to "restructure the editorial framework and functions in line with

the competitive environment". On 3 and 23 September 2003, the reader's

letters column carried responses from readers saying the editorial was

biased.[15][16] An editorial in August 2003 observed that the newspaper was

affected by the 'editorialising as news reporting' virus, and expressed a

determination to buck the trend, restore the professionally sound lines of

demarcation, and strengthen  objectivity  and  factuality in its coverage.

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2.2.6 About The Times of India:

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. It

is the largest newspaper in India by circulation and largest selling English-

language daily in the world according to Audit Bureau of Circulations

(India). According to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2012, the Times of

India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with a readership

of 7.643 million. This ranks the Times of India as the top English daily in

India by readership. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co.

Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the Brand Trust

Report 2012, Times of India was ranked 88th among India's most trusted

brands and subsequently, according to the Brand Trust Report 2013, Times

of India was ranked 100th among India's most trusted brands. In 2014

however, Times of India was ranked 174th among India's most trusted

brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by

Trust Research Advisory

History:

The Times of India issued its first edition 3 November 1838 as The

Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. The paper published

Wednesdays and Saturdays under the direction of Raobahadur Narayan

Dinanath Velkar, a Maharashtrian Reformist, and contained news from

Britain and the world, as well as the Indian Subcontinent. In 1850, it

began to publish daily editions. In 1860, editor Robert Knight (1825–

1892) bought the Indian shareholders interests, merged with

rival Bombay Standard, and started India's first news agency. It

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wired Times dispatches to papers across the country and became the

Indian agent for Reuter’s news service. In 1861, he changed the name

from the Bombay Times and Standard to The Times of India. Knight

fought for a press free of prior restraint or intimidation, frequently

resisting the attempts by governments, business interests, and cultural

spokesmen and led the paper to national prominence. In the 19th century,

this newspaper company employed more than 800 people and had a

sizeable circulation in India and Europe.

2.6.1 About The New Indian Express:

The New Indian Express is an Indian English-language broadsheet

daily newspaper published by the Express Publications and based in

Chennai. It was founded in 1932 as the Indian Express, under the ownership

of Chennai-based P. Varadarajulu Naidu. In 1991, following the death of the

owner Ramnath Goenka, the Goenka family split the group into two

companies. Initially, the two groups shared the Indian Express title, and

editorial and other resources. But on 13 August 1999, the northern editions,

headquartered in Mumbai, retained and renamed Indian Express as The

Indian Express, while the southern editions became The New Indian

Express. Today, the newspapers and companies are separate entities. The

newspaper is known for its intrepid and anti-establishment tone. Express

Publications (Madurai) Limited publishes the The New Indian Express from

22 centres in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Odisha.

History:

Indian Express was first published on September 5, 1932 in Chennai by

an Ayurvedic doctor and Indian National Congress member P

Varadarajulu Naidu, publishing from the same press where he ran

the Tamil Nadu Tamil weekly. But soon, on account of financial

22

difficulties, he sold it to S. Sadanand, founder of The Free Press Journal,

another English newspaper.

In 1933, The Indian Express opened its second office in Madurai and

launched the Tamil daily Dinamani on September 11, 1934. Sadanand

introduced several innovations and reduced the price, but later sold part

of his stake in the form of convertible debentures to Ramnath Goenka

due to financial difficulties. When The Free Press Journal further went

into financial decline in 1935, Sadanand lost ownership of Indian

Express after a long controversial court battle with Goenka, where blows

were exchanged. Finally, a year later, Goenka bought the rest of the 26

per cent stake from Sadanand, and the paper came under his control, who

took the already anti-establishment tone of the paper to greater heights.

At that time it had to face stiff competition from the well-established The

Hindu and the Mail, besides other prominent newspapers. In the late

1930s, the circulation was no more than 2,000. After Goenka's demise in

1991, two of the family members split the group into Indian Express

Mumbai with all the north Indian editions, while the southern editions

were grouped as Express Publications (Madurai) Limited

with Chennai as headquarters.

2.6.2 About Deccan Chronicle:

Deccan Chronicle is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. It is

published in Hyderabad, India by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Limited. The

newspaper's name derives from the originating place, the Deccan regions of

India. Deccan Chronicle is also published from Tamil Nadu,

Karnataka and Kerala. Supplements are "TV Guide", "Sunday Chronicle",

"Hyderabad Chronicle", "Chennai Chronicle", "Bengaluru Chronicle" and

"Kerala Chronicle". It also supplies other weekly features like "School

23

Chronicle" and "Teen Chronicle". The newspaper has a total readership of

over 10.8 lakhs . The company started its operations in AP as a partnership

concern in 1938. The late Tikkavarapu Chandrasekhar Reddy took over the

operations in 1976 after the earlier promoters declared bankruptcy.

Mr.Reddy subsequently handed over the operations to his two sons   T

Venkattram Reddy   and T Vinayak Ravi Reddy, who have been managing its

operations since late 1970s.Since May 2004, it started printing

the   International Herald Tribune   inHyderabad   and sold for Rs 30 per copy.

The company’s MD Venkattram Reddy was arrested on 14th Feb 2015 by

CBI for defaulting loans through false documents in Hyderabad.

The   Indian Premier League cricket  franchise of the   Deccan Chargers was

owned by   Deccan Chronicle . The Deccan Chargers represented the city of

Hyderabad  in the Indian Premier League. Gayatri Reddy  Was the owner of

Deccan Chargers. The media group acquired the franchise from IPL auction

for $107 million on 24 January 2008. The franchise was terminated

by   BCCI  on 12 October 2012 due to failure of the franchise to provide a

bank guarantee of   1 billion   (US$16   million). This franchise has now been

acquired by   Sun TV Group  and is called   Sunrisers Hyderabad  known as

SRH.

24

CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1 Total Market Coverage (TMC) editions:

Free-distribution newspapers might be as old as the newspaper itself, but

they have become more popular since the Great Depression. Known as

“shoppers” or “Total Market Coverage” (TMC) editions in the industry, they

are advertiser-heavy and generally distributed either by delivering one to

every home in a defined circulation area or by making them available on

sidewalks via free news racks. (Tsao & Sibley, 2004) The editions are

attractive to advertisers because they reach every household in a targeted

circulation area compared to 50% or less for a sales-driven newspaper. They

also were an enormously profitable revenue source by the latter half of the

20th century, (Ferrell, 1998) with circulation of free newspapers jumping

from 30 million in 1968 to 88 million by 2000. (Tsao & Sibley, 2004) In

scholarly research they are defined as a local newspaper that contains ads

and is circulated free to the general public. (Stone & Trotter, 1979). As is the

case with most advertising, the question related to TMC editions becomes

one of pickup. TMC circulation figures often are not independently audited

because the editions are not sales driven, the operating assumption being that

a person will read a product that they pay for. In addition, delivering the

product does not guarantee that the consumer will pick it up and bring it

home, much less read it. (Ferrell, 1998; Srinivasan, Leone, & Muihern,

1995) This makes readership a crucial issue for advertisers as they attempt

to measure what they are getting for their money. Free newspapers tend to

be attractive to local advertisers, but research has shown that the usage rate

of TMC products is lower than it is for any other form of media. Newspapers

25

tend to be protective of these circulation numbers involving readership and

scholars have done little in the area to measure readership. One study found

a 58% readership rate among those who receive shopper editions (Stone &

Trotter, 1979) but the results are problematic for our current study for a few

reasons. First, the study was done during a time when newspaper readership

was far higher, and indeed the newspaper reading habit was more

pronounced. Much has changed in newspapers, and indeed in media choices,

since 1979. Second, the data showed that 10% of Stone & Trotter’s sample

reported never receiving the newspapers at all -- and yet 8% of that group

reported reading the content. The researchers said it was a sign of an edition

being passed around in social circles, but they did not substantiate that

assumption. Proprietary TMC readership is harder to examine but more

startling. A research director for a major national newspaper chain told

colleagues that his 2006 study of TMC products in two cities showed that

readership was 8.7% and 10.8%. (Federation, 2007). A 2006 study by

Belden Associates (Belden Associates, 2007) found that non-subscribers, the

very group TMC products are trying to reach, do not find the advertising in

TMC products useful. The recommendation based on these results was to

redesign products in such a way that they are more attractive to users in

terms of readership, that is make it such that the content draws the user into

the publication to read it so that the value for the advertiser increases.

TMC readership and The Saturday Weekly Missourian:

It is worth reviewing some past research related to The Saturday Weekly

Missourian, which is the publication that we are analyzing for this research.

The Saturday Weekly Missourian is the weekly TMC product for subscriber-

driven regular newspaper The Columbia (MO) Missourian. Because The

Missourian publishes only six days a week and does not have a paid-

26

circulation Saturday edition, the TMC product is the only publication put out

that day by the company.

Before the current research was launched, the last available data was

gathered in was a student-conducted survey in 2003. Although the sample

size was low, the survey indicated that regular readership rates for The

Saturday Weekly Missourian were approximately 34%. The students – who

supplemented their minimalist survey with journalistic interviews, also

found less than half of those surveyed said the TMC product’s news was

relevant.

In 2005, the TMC product underwent an overhaul. Recalling earlier research

that showed readership as being the true value for the advertiser, The

Columbia Missourian executives decided to change the content source for

the publication in an attempt to spur readership increases. Up to that point,

the TMC was stocked with older content, consisting of features and news

that already had run in the daily Missourian earlier in the week as well as

older wire content from sources such as the Associated Press. The product

was re-launched on Oct. 1, 2005 with content coming from

MyMissourian.com, a citizen journalism Web site that was operated by The

Columbia Missourian.

My Missourian editors chose the best of that week’s citizen journalism

submissions for the print edition, with the idea being that it would provide

“fresh” content for the TMC publication as well as feed traffic to the Web

site in hopes that this cross-pollination would increase the value of both

products. Unknown was whether this type of content would lead to more

relevance or readership. Answering that question is the purpose of this study.

Before discussing that, however, one needs background information on the

citizen journalism concept.

27

Citizen journalism:

“Citizen Journalism” is a popular label used to describe a form of media that

involves moderated reader participation. It generally starts off as a Web-

based approach, but one of the long-term strategies is to develop a “best of”

print edition that ultimately will serve as the medium’s revenue source. The

Northwest Voice, which is the citizen journalism arm of The Bakersfield

Californian, used material from the Web edition to revive its shopper

edition. The paper’s own research showed that readership of its regular

shopper edition was lows - this not pleasing information for its advertisers.

Mary Lou Fulton, drawing upon an idea pioneered by OhMyNews in South

Korea, guided the creation of a community Web site that was run solely on

story and photo submissions from the community. As content increased, the

material eventually replaced the stale material that often stocked the shopper

editions. The use of citizen journalism has been credited for turning

Bakersfield’s shopper around because it provided fresh content.

Citizen journalism reverses the sender-receiver process of traditional

journalism. Whereas newspaper, television and Web media use the journalist

as a gatekeeper in the process of selecting and presenting news, in the citizen

journalism format the journalist is a “shepherd” in the process (Glaser,

2004). What this means is that the journalist’s role is to seek out community

voices and encourage submissions; their only editing role is in making sure

that copy is readable and does not open the publication to legal problems,

such as libel or defamation, and then they make selections as to what goes

on the main pages of the Web site. “Citizen Journalism” is just one name for

this medium, but it is the one with the most popular appeal. In its beginnings

it was referred to as “participatory journalism” or “open source journalism”

(C. Bentley et al., 2005), but it also has been referred to as “grassroots

journalism” and more recently “user-generated content” (UGC) in the

28

popular press. Because most citizen journalism is done online, and indeed

the citizen journalism content being studied in this research originated

online, it is useful to examine it as an online phenomenon to understand

what the content is and where it comes from.

Citizen journalism is partly built on the personal nature of blog writing. It

can be written in first person or third person. If a person decides to weave

opinion with fact, that is considered acceptable; the basic tenet is that

community members are not trained to think or write in the artificial

standard of media objectivity, and thus they often are not forced to adopt

that standard (C. Bentley et al., 2005). Citizen journalism is more like a

community blog in the sense that there are multiple authors, but unlike a

typical community blog there are no limits placed on who is allowed to

submit to the site (Glaser, 2004). One of the reasons this format works is the

explosion in ownership of an array of cheap citizen journalism tools such as

digital cameras, camera mobile phones, computers and iPods. With these

tools affordable and broadband penetrating more homes in America than

ever, the time is right for citizen journalism to make inroads into

communities once dominated by a single newspaper or television station .

The notion that citizen journalism is moderated is what separates citizen

journalism from a typical community blog, and in fact is what elevates the

posting format into a news format. The editor running the site often

determines what is placed on the front page, and thus the gatekeeper role

still happens to a limited a degree. Citizen journalism sites often are

designed like a news site, not a blog, and thus there are layered pages in

which there is a main front page and several topic categories.

Still, the gatekeeper role is greatly diminished from what it would be at a

typical news site, because the editor would determine both what makes the

29

front page and what stories make it onto the site. Unless the stories violate

standards for submission, citizen journalism sites tend to publish anything

submitted. These standards depend on the site, but they can be less

restrictive than typical news sites. The professional editor is not the only

way to control content quality, though. Citizen journalism sites are often

built upon a variant of the “wiki” concept in which software allows readers

to help edit content but adds another layer of quality control to the process

via programming or human intervention.

Theoretical framework:

Although several theoretical ways of knowing could be testable for the

purpose of this research, uses and gratifications (U&G) works best because

it focuses on the reader both from a needs and a uses perspective. U&G

theory is an approach that looks at media in terms of how it met the social or

psychological needs of the person using that medium. It assumes an active

audience and states that an individual has needs and uses media to fill those

needs (Blumler & Katz, 1974) Four audience needs generally have been

consistently found in U&G research: information, personal identity,

entertainment and a block consisting of integration and social interaction.

There have been studies that used U&G theory to examine TMC products,

but most have focused on advertising as a way of providing information

utility to the product user. The potential weakness of this approach, though,

is that it only studies part of the content contained in these publications and

assumes that advertising alone is what drives readership of these

publications.

One potential way to address this issue is to incorporate theoretical advances

recently made in media research. The “communication needs-state model”

incorporates elements of U&G theory and states that people first determine

30

their needs and then choose media based on those needs this model posits

four needs satisfied by communication: connectivity, information, and

shopping/consuming. Connectivity, the need to engage with other people, is

seen in much online or purchasing behaviour that allow for individual

expression among a group of similar-minded people. Information, the need

to identify, understand, and cope with what is going on, happens in

consumption of news as well as the information-seeking behaviours (such as

using a search engine) that come with online use. Entertainment, the need

for diversion or pleasure, is seen across many types of media.

Shopping/consuming, the acquisition of goods and services, also can be

mediated from browsing ads to using the Internet in order to make purchases

(Thorson & Duffy, 2006).

Once needs are identified, they are filtered through such demographic

controls as age, gender, and race, as well as through what is called aperture,

which defined as the particular point in time for an individual when

exposure to a message would yield maximum results (Thorson & Duffy,

2006). The filter combination of aperture and demographics leads to a

choice in the type of media product a person chooses by news approach

(opinionated, created, authoritative), and out of that comes the media choice.

The media choice is actually made from a list determined by the previous

filters; thus, media choices that might ordinarily fill the need are pared down

from the list by the filters of demographics, aperture, and news approach .It

might be tempting to think that The Saturday Weekly Missourian TMC

product is an all-encompassing product for this type of model, because in

terms of makeup the product embodies all four of the needs states that this

model posits, but to think so would be to misunderstand the Media Choice

Model. While it might be true that The Saturday Weekly Missourian offers

connectivity through citizen journalism content, information through news,

31

entertainment through content and advertising, and shopping/consuming

through advertising, MCM states that a person has multiple media choices

by which to fulfil a need, and recall as well that one of the assumptions of

U&G theory to begin with is that needs can be fulfilled by competing media.

To better fit The Saturday Weekly Missourian within the MCM framework,

it is possible to test whether the product fills those four need states but it is

much more complicated to predict that an individual will choose the product

based on that.

32

CHAPTER - 4

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Analysis is the computation of certain measures with searching for

patterns of relationship that exists among the data groups. The collected data

are scientifically codified, tabulated and arranged in the logical manner by

using statistical technique.

Percentage Analysis

Percentage refers to specific kinds of ratio percentage are used in

making comparison between two or more service of data. It is used to find

out the percentage of respondents from the total number of respondent. It

represents the promotion of different results out of 50.

No of respondents

Percentage = ________________ * 100

Total no of Sample

The study is aimed to evaluate the satisfaction level, perceptions and

opinions of internet banking users in Chennai. Sample was comprised of 50

internet banking users, Chennai. Based on the respondents answered in the

questionnaire the analysis has been calculated using SPSS.

33

TABLE 4.1

GENDER

GENDER NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Male 25 50Female 25 50Total 50 100.0

SOURCE: PRIMARY DATA

INFERENCE

From the above table, it is clear that out of 50 respondents, 50% were

male respondent and 50% were female respondent.

34

CHART 4.1

GENDER

MALE FEMALE0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

50% 50%

GENDER

PERCENTAGE %

GENDER

NO

.OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.2

35

NEWSPAPER STUDENTS BUY

NEWSPAPER NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

THE HINDU 22 44

TIMES OF INDIA 18 36DECCAN

CHRONICLE6 12

OTHERS 4 8

Total 50 100

The above table clearly indicates that, 44% of the respondents were

purchasing THE HINDU and 36% were TIMES OF INDIA and 12% were

DECCAN CHRONICLE and 8% were purchasing OTHERS newspaper.

CHART 4.2

NEWSAPER STUDENTS BUY

36

THE HINDU TIMES OF INDIA

DECCAN CHRONICLE

OTHERS0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

44%36%

12%8%

NEWSPAPER STUDENTS BUY

PERCENTAGE %

NEWSPAPER

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.3

PREFERED DAYS FOR READING

NEWSPAPER

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

EVERYDAY 28 56%

37

ALTERNATIVE DAY 13 26%

SPECIFIC DAY 9 18%

TOATL 50 100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly indicates that, 56% respondents were reading

newspaper everyday and 26% respondents were reading in alternative

days and 18% were on specific days.

CHART 4.3

PREFERED DAYS FOR READING

NEWSPAPER

38

EVERYDAY ALTERNATIVE DAY

SPECIFIC DAY0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%56%

26%18%

PREFERED DAYS

Series1

READING NEWSPAPER

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.4

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

WHOLE ARTICLE 16 32%

39

ONLY HEADLINES 34 68%

DON’T READ 0 0%

TOATL 50 100%

READING HABIT OF NEWSPAPER

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly indicates that , 32% of the

respondents were read the whole article and 68% of the respondents

read only the headlines in the newspaper and 0% were don’t read

newspaper

CHART 4.4

READING HABIT OF NEWSPAPER

40

WHOLE AR-TICLE

ONLY HEADLINES

DONOT READ0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

32%

68%

0%

READING HABIT OF NEWS-PAPER

Series1

READING NEWSPAPER

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.5

TIME SPEND FOR READING A NEWSPAPER

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE %

41

LESS THAN 15MINS 26 52%

HALF AN HOUR 19 38%

MORE THAN ONE

HOUR5 10%

TOATL 50 100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly indicates that 52% of the respondents read the

newspaper for less than 15mins and 38% of the respondents read for

half an hour and the rest 10% of the respondents were reading for

more than one hour

CHART 4.5

TIME SPENT FOR READING NEWSPAPER

42

52%38%

10%

TIME SPENT ON NEWSPAPER

LESSTHAN 15MINSHALF AN HOURMORETHAN ONE HOUR

               

TABLE 4.6

NEWSPAPER INFOMATIVE AND

UPDATED

43

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly indicates that, 64% of the

respondents chosen the option yes and 36% were sometimes so the

newspaper is informative and updated.

CHART 4.6

NEWSPAER IS INFOMATIVE AND UPDATED

44

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

YES 32 64%

SOMETIMES 18 36%

NO 0 0%

TOATL 50 100%

64%

36%

INFOMATIVE AND UPDATED

YESSOMETIMESNO

TABLE 4.7

VISTING OF WEBPAGE

45

SOURCE: PRIMARY DATA

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly explains, the 30%of the

respondents were answered yes and 22% were the sometimes and

48% were no.

CHART 4.7

VISTING NEWSPAPER WEBSITE

46

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

YES 15 30%

SOMETIMES 11 22%

NO 24 48%

TOATL 50 100%

yes sometimes no0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

30%22%

48%

VISTING NEWSPAPER WEBSITE

Series1

WEBSITE

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.8

WATCHING NEWS CHANNELS

47

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly indicates that, 66% of the respondents

watch news channels and 22% of the respondents watch news

channels sometimes and 12% of the respondents don’t watch news

channels.

CHART 4.8

WATCHING NEWS CHANNELS

48

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

YES 33 66%

SOMETIMES 11 22%

NO 6 12%

TOATL 50 100%

YESSOMETIMES

NO

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

66%

22%12%

WATCHING NEWS CHANNELS

Series1

NEWS CHANNELS

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.9

CROSSCHECK WITH OTHER NEWSPAPER

49

SOURCE: PRIMAY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table indicates that, 40% of the respondents

crosscheck the newspaper with the other newspaper and 30% of the

respondents sometimes crosscheck with the other newspaper and 30%

of the respondents don’t crosscheck with other newspaper.

CHART 4.9

CROSSCHECK WITH OTHER NEWSPAPER

50

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

YES 20 40%

SOMETIMES 15 30%

NO 15 30%

TOATL 50 100%

40%

30%

30%

CROSSCHECKING

YES SOMETIMESNO

TABLE 4.10

SUPPLIMENTARY ARE USEFUL

51

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

YES 16 32%

SOMETIMES 9 18%

NO 25 50%

TOATL 50 100%

SOURCE: PRIMAY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table states that, 32% of the respondents says the

supplementary provided are useful and 18% of the respondents says

the supplementary are sometimes useful and50% of the respondents

says the supplementary are not useful.

CHART 4.10

SUPPLIMENTARY ARE USEFUL

52

YES SOMETIMES NO0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

32%

10%

50%

SUPPLIMENTARY

Series1

USEFUL

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.11

REASON FOR PURCHASE

53

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly states that, 26% of the

respondents purchase newspaper for time pass and 60% of the

respondents purchase for gathering information and the rest purchase

for other reasons.

CHART 7.11

REASON FOR PURCHASING NEWSPAPER

54

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

TIMEPASS 13 26%

GATHER

INFOMATION 30 60%

OTHERS 7 14%

TOATL 50 100%

26%

60%

14%

REASON FOR PURCHASING NEWSPPAER

TIMEPASSGATHER INFORMATIONOTHERS

TABLE 4.12

UNBAISED IN ITS REPORTING

55

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly states that, 40% of the respondents says

that the newspaper has no biased in its reporting and 20% of the

respondents agrees to the statement and 10% were neutral and 20% of

the respondents were disagree to that and 10% of the respondents

strongly disagree that the newspaper are biased in its reporting.

CHART 4.12

UNBIASED IN ITS REPORTING

56

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE 20 40%

AGREE 10 20%

NEUTRAL 5 10%

DISAGREE 10 20%

STRONGLY

DISAGREE5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

STRONGLY AGREE

AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

40%

20%10%

20%10%

UNBIASED REPORTING

Series1

SATISFICATION

NO

. OF

RESP

ON

DEN

TS

TABLE 4.13

GOOD VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE

STANDARD IN THE NEWSPAPER

57

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly states that, 40% of the

respondents were strongly agrees that the newspaper has good

vocabulary and standard in the language and20% of the responde4nts

also agrees to that and 10% of the respondents were neutral and 20%

of the respondents disagreed and 10% of the respondents also strongly

disagrees.

CHART 4.13

GOOD VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE STANDARD IN THE NEWSPAPER

58

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE 20 40%

AGREE 10 20%

NEUTRAL 5 10%

DISAGREE 10 20 %

STRONGLY

DISAGREE5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

40%

30%

30%

GOOD VOCULBARY

STRONGLY AGREEAGREENEUTRALDISAGREESTRONGLY DISAGREE

TABLE 4.14

FONT AND STYLE IN THE NEWSPAPER

59

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table states that, 50% of the

respondents strongly agrees that the font and style in the newspaper

are good and 40% of the respondents also agrees and rest of the 10%

of the respondents disagree and strongly disagree to the statement.

CHART 4.14

FONT AND STYLE IN THE NEWSPAPER

60

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE 25 50%

AGREE 20 40%

NEUTRAL 0 0%

DISAGREE 2 4%

STRONGLY

DISAGREE3 6 %

TOTAL 50 100%

50%

40%

4% 6%

FONT AND STYLE IN THE NEWSAPER

STRONGLY AGREEAGREENEUTRALDISAGREESTRONGLY DISAGREE

TABLE 4.15

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

61

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:

The above table clearly indicates that, 30% of the

respondents were strongly agree that the newspaper provide good

educational value and 20% of the respondents also agrees to the

statement and 20% of the respondents disagrees and 30% of the

respondents also strongly disagrees to the statement.

CHART 4.15

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

62

PARTICULARS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE 15 30%

AGREE 10 20%

NEUTRAL 0 0%

DISAGREE 10 20%

STRONGLY

DISAGREE15 30%

TOTAL 50 100%

30%

20%20%

30%

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

STRONGLY AGREEAGREENEUTRALDISAGREESTRONGLY DISAGREE

63

CHAPTER-5

5.1 FINDINGS:

1. Out of the total respondents, majority (50%) were female and 50%

were male.

2. Majority of the respondents 44% of the respondents were purchasing

THE HINDU and 36% were TIMES OF INDIA and 12% were

DECCAN CHRONICLE and 8% were purchasing OTHERS

newspaper.

3. Majority of the respondents 56% read newspaper everyday and 13%

of the respondents read alternative days and 18% of the respondents

read only on specific days.

4. Out of the total respondent, 68% of the respondents read only the

headlines in the newspaper; 32% of the respondents read the whole

newspaper.

5. Out of the total respondent, 56% of the respondents read the

newspaper for less than 15mins and the 38% of the respondents spent

for half an hour to read newspaper 10% of the respondents spend

more than half an hour to read newspaper.

6. Majority of the respondents 64% of the respondents says that the

information and newspaper was updative and the 36% of the

respondents answered sometimes the newspaper information are

updative.

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7.Out of the total respondent 48% of the respondents don’t check the

newspaper website and30% of the respondents visit newspaper website

and 22% of the respondents sometimes visit newspaper website.

8. 66% of the respondents watch news channels and 22% of the

respondents watch news channels sometimes and 12% of the

respondents don’t watch news channels.

9.40% of the respondents crosscheck the newspaper with the other

newspaper and 30% of the respondents sometimes crosscheck with the

other newspaper and 30% of the respondents don’t crosscheck with other

newspaper.

10.  Majority  of   the   respondent   (50%)  were  unsatisfied  with   the 

supplementary   of   the   newspaper,   32%  of   respondent  were   satisfied 

with the supplementary of the newspaper and 18% of the respondents 

were sometimes satisfied.

11 Regarding the reason for purchasing of newspaper, most of the 

respondents (60%) purchase for getting information; 26% were purchase 

for time passing; and 14% were purchase for other reasons. 

12 Regarding unbiased  in   its   reporting,  most of   the respondents 

(40%) were strongly agreed; 20% were agreed; 10% were neither agree 

and nor disagree;  10% were disagree and 5% were strongly  disagree 

with the newspaper.  

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13. Regarding good vocabulary and language language , most of the 

respondents (40%) were strongly agreed; 30% were agreed; 30% were 

neither agree  and nor disagree. 

14. Regarding the font and style of the newspaper are good, most 

of the respondents (50%) were strongly agreed; 40% were   agreed; 4% 

were disagreed and 6% were strongly disagreed.

15.Regarding the educational purpose , 30% of the respondents

were strongly agree that the newspaper provide good educational value

and 20% of the respondents also agrees to the statement and 20% of the

respondents disagrees and 30% of the respondents also strongly disagrees

to the statement.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

1. Majority of the respondent were the respondents were the students;

the newspaper should be in such way that to attract the students by

colour and font.

2. From the above findings the newspaper have impact on the students

and the newspaper should provide much more knowledge about the

current affairs prevailing in the country. So that helps the students to

know about real world.

3. Since many of the students purchase newspaper for getting

information there should be some information about their students

some funny and scientific facts.

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4. The newspaper will be helpful for the students in reading skills,

communication, overall development in all section.

5. In present technology the newspaper has advanced. Majority are

reading the newspaper through websites and other media. So regular

update in the website and other media helps the students to know

more.

6. Newspaper can provide good and useful supplementary through which

the students can do something and have good time in reading the

newspaper

7. Newspaper should have some fun facts so that the students don’t get

boredom when reading the newspaper. The newspaper must be

interesting to the students and everyday they should learn something

new.

8. To keep newspaper alive it’s in the hands of the students to read the

newspaper. And according to this findings students have more interest

in reading newspaper, most the students read only the headlines it will

be better if all the needed news are quoted in the headlines.

9. The newspaper can its page layout and other content to attract the

students.

10. Newspaper can provide a valuable information about scope and

demand of employment opportunities for the students it will help both

the schoolings and graduation to look for the bright career.

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CONCLUSION:

We take newspapers for granted. They have been so integral a

part of daily life in India , so central to politics and culture and business, and

so powerful and profitable in their own right, that it is easy to forget what a

remarkable historical invention they are. Public goods are notoriously under-

produced in the marketplace, and news is a public good--and yet, since the

mid-nineteenth century, newspapers have produced news in abundance at a

cheap price to readers and without need of direct subsidy. More than any

other medium, newspapers have been our eyes on the state, our check on

private abuses, our civic alarm systems. It is true that they have often failed

to perform those functions as well as they should have done. But whether

they can continue to perform them at all is now in doubt. Newspapers are

also shrinking in numbers of pages, breadth of news coverage, features of

various kinds, and home delivery of print editions.

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