PROJECT IN ARTS

Submmited by: aira clarissse bisares Ricardo alcantara

Submmited to: Mrs. Rublyn Punelas

AGUSAN

Agusan derived its name from the local dialect, "agasan", meaning "where the water flows", referring to the Agusan River that splits the land and meanders south to north in a 250 kilometres (160 mi) rush to Butuan Bay. It is third largest river in the country and served as highway for the Spanish colonizers in gaining access to inner northeastern Mindanao.

GOLDEN TARAIn 1917 after a storm and flood, a 21-carat golden figurine of a female deity of Hindu was found by a Manobo woman on a muddy bank of Wawa River, a tributary of the large Agusan River. This ancient figure seated in lotus position weighs nearly 4 pounds which is the earliest known image identified to be an Indian in origin. The image corroborates a single cultural sphere that developed in the archipelagic regions of Southeast Asia during the height of trade between Butuan and the rest of the Sri Vijaya Empire. And In 1989 a sand laborer working on Lumbang River near the outlet to Laguna de Bay found a plate in Barangay Wawa, Lumban, in the Laguna province.The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (also shortened to LCI) is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines. The inscription on the plate was first deciphered by Dutch anthropologist Antoon Postma. The discovery of the plate has highlighted the evidence of cultural links present between the Tagalog people of this time and the various contemporary civilizations in Asia, most notably the Javanese Medang Kingdom, the Srivijaya empire, and the Middle kingdoms of India, a topic in Philippine history of which not much is presently known. Before the Spanish period, the archipelagoes of Southeast Asia were under the influence of traders from the Hindu-Malayan culture, such as the Majapahit Empire, which was then supplanted by Islamic teaching by Muslims traders from Gujarat, India. Influences from the Indian subcontinent may be traced earlier to before the arrival of the Arabs and the Europeans during the 15th and 16th centuries respectively. The rulers of many of the islands were called Rajas, or Rajahs. An example would be the Visayas, said to be named after the last Southeast Hindu Prince Srivijaya. Although Hinduism is now a minority religion in the country, some of its beliefs still pervade the national psyche; it is socially and culturally ingrained in Filipinos, most of whom are either part of the Christian majority (Roman Catholic and Protestant), or part of a significant Muslim minority. An example is that the concept of karma is readily understood by locals and forms part of native ethics.

Agusan del Sur Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Caraga region in Mindanao. Its capital is Prosperidad and borders, from the north clockwise, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Bukidnon, and Misamis Oriental. BRIEF PROFILE Capital: Prosperidad Land Area: 9,989.52 km Population: 609,447 (2007) Spoken Languages: Cebuano, Tagalog The Land_______________________________ Agusan del Sur is an elongated basin formation with mountain ranges in the eastern and western sides forming a valley, which occupies the central longitudinal section of the land. The Agusan River, which flows from Compostela Valley in the south towards Agusan del Norte in the north, runs almost in the middle of the valley and empties at Butuan Bay. The river has twelve tributaries: Wawa, Gibong and Simulao Rivers in the eastern side and Ojot, Pusilao, Kasilayan, Libang, Maasam, Adgawan, Cawayan, Umayam and Ihaon Rivers in the western side. These tributaries are fed by streams and creeks. The southern half of the province from the municipality of Veruela is an area filled with swamps and lakes, the biggest of which is Talacogon Lake. A Brief History___________________________ The Agusan Valley was settled by a variety of cultural communities like the Manobos, Mamanwas and Higaonons. Archeological excavations in the lower Agusan valley plains have uncovered evidence of strong relationships between the region and the Southeast Asian states. A golden image of Javan-Indian design unearthed in the 1920s and molten jars uncovered in Prosperidad are indications that the region had commercial and cultural ties with the coast. The People______________________________ The dominant religion is Roman Catholicism (79% of the population). Other major religions include the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Aglipay, Iglesia ni Cristo, United Pentecostal Church, Born Again and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines. Five tribal groups are found in the province: Aeta, Mamanwa, Bagobo, Higaonon, and Manobo. The Manobos live along the national highway and river towns towards the boundary with the Compostela Valley. The Higaonons live mostly on the western side of Agusan River, generally in Esperanza towards the boundary with Bukidnon. The Agusan del Sur population is predominantly composed of immigrants from the Visayas. Intermarriages between immigrants and natives have pulled down the percentage of the lumad stock. Economy________________________________ Human resources Agusan del Sur has a labor force of 287,000 people, mostly in the agriculture and forestry sector. Several colleges, including a university, add to a well educated, highly trainable, English-speaking workforce. The province also keeps abreast of technological developments elsewhere, with some of these educational establishment offering skills development courses in Information Technology. Agriculture Rice occupies the largest cultivated area, with 243.85 square kilometres of irrigated area with a yield of 410 t/km, and rainfed rice with an area of about 165.73 km with a yield of 300 t/km. The province's rice production has the estimated capacity to feed 1,072,456 peoplefar more than the provinces population. Ironically, rice insufficiency persists, especially in the upland and hard to reach barangays. Corn plantations cover 255.25 km for both white and yellow corn with a total production of 55,767 t in 2000 with surplus corn grits of 31,106 MT enough to feed more than 2 million people, four times greater than the province's population. Banana is another abundant crop covering an area of 127.45 km and could be seen everywhere but not in conventional plantation form. Banana chips are also processed in the province. Oil palm plantation covers 118 km. The plantation is a Malaysian-Filipino joint venture, with agrarian reform beneficiaries as land owners. Crude oil is processed in the sites of Rosario, and Trento. Coconut trees are widespread in the province, covering 393.36 km. Poultry and Livestock Despite of the government's efforts to increase poultry and livestock production, deficits in meat supply persist. Processed poultry and beef are imported from Davao City and Cagayan de Oro City. Fish Agusan del Sur is highly dependent on Surigao del Sur and other provinces for the supply of marine products. However, the province has abundant supply of fresh water fish like mudfish, catfish and tilapia.

AGUSAN MARSHAgusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuaryis aprotected areain thePhilippinesdeclared by the former PresidentFidel V. Ramos. The marshland acts like a sponge, as it is nestled in the midwaters of theAgusan Riverdrainage basin. Within its lakes, several floating communities can be found. The sanctuary was home to the 20.24 feet (6.17 meter)saltwater crocodileLolong, the world's largest captive crocodile.[1][2]Agusan Marsh is one of the most ecologically significant wetlands in the Philippines. Found in the heart ofMindanao's Agusan Basin, this vast expanse of marsh covers an area roughly the size of Metro Manila. It contains nearly 15% of the nation's fresh water resources in the form of swamp forests.During the rainy season, when the water rises to create large lakes, vast number of ducks come to Agusan Marsh to nest. In the dry months, thousands of birds come from as faraway as Japan, China and Russia to escape the chilly winter winds of Northern Asia. Over 200 individual species have been known to spend at least part of the year in the marsh, making it one of Asia's most important transit points for wild birds.In the very heart of the marsh is a semi-permanent lake where many square kilometres of lily pads, hyacinths and other hydrophytic plants spread out like an enormous green quilt. In the dark tea-colored waters live untold numbers of catfish, carp, soft-shell fresh water turtles, and crocodiles.Agusan Marsh is also host to "Wonderland", where you can see natural "bonsai" trees crafted by nature. It can be reached from Barangay Caimpogan or from Barangay New Visayas in the municipality of San Francisco.The tiny community of mostly ethnic Manobos have made their permanent homes deep within the marsh, living on floating homes. The small houses made of bamboo and nipa lashed to hardwood logs, freely rise or fall with the level of the marsh itself. The marsh provides virtually everything the Manobos need.

AGUSAN RIVERAgusan Riveris ariverlocated in the eastern part ofMindanaoisland in thePhilippines, draining majority of theCaraga Regionand some parts ofCompostela Valleyprovince. It is the third largest river basin of thePhilippineswith a total drainage area of 10,921km and an estimated length of 350 kilometers from its origin.[1][2]Theheadwatersof the river is found in the mountains ofCompostela Valley, near its border withDavao Orientaland east ofTagum City. It flows through the wide Agusan River valley which measures 177 kilometers (110mi) from south to north and varies from 32-48 kilometers (2030 miles) in width.[3]It finally drains into theButuan Bayat its mouth inButuan City. The river is also the third longest river in thePhilippines.One of the prominent features in the Agusan River basin is the presence of theAgusan Marshcovering a total area of 19,197 hectares. Themarshserves a flood retention basin for the Agusan River, cutting the high discharge of water causing flash floods in the lower reaches of the river. Aside from that, the marsh harbors unique and pristine habitats like thesagoand peat swamps forest and is a home to endangered and endemic flora and fauna. As a consequence, it was declared by former PresidentFidel V. Ramosas awildlife sanctuaryin 1996

BUTUANButuan, officially theCity of Butuan(Butuanon:Dakbayan hong Butuan) and often referred to asButuan City, is ahighly urbanized cityin thePhilippines. The city is the regional center of theCaragaRegion. It is located at the northeastern part of the Agusan Valley,Mindanao, sprawling across theAgusan River. It is bounded to the north, west and south byAgusan del Norte, to the east byAgusan del Surand to the northwest byButuan Bay. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 309,709 people.[4]

FEATURES IN BUTUAN

The Manobo are several people groups who inhabit the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. They speak one of the languages belonging to the Manobo language family. Their origins can be traced back to the early Malay peoples who came from the surrounding islands of Southeast Asia. Today, their common cultural language and Malay heritage help to keep them connected.

The Manobo cluster includes eight groups: the Cotabato Manobo, Agusan Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Matig Salug Manobo, Sarangani Manobo, Manobo of Western Bukidnon, Obo Manobo, and Tagabawa Manobo. The groups are often connected by name with either political divisions or landforms. The Bukidnons, for example, are located in a province of the same name. The Agusans, who live near the Agusan River Valley, are named according to their location. The eight Manobo groups are all very similar, differing only in dialect and in some aspects of culture. The distinctions have resulted from their geographical separation.Agusanis aManobo languageof northeasternMindanaoin thePhilippines. The Omayamnon, Dibabawon, and Rajah Kabunsuwan dialects are divergent.

TheManoboare probably the most numerous of the ethnic groups of thePhilippinesin terms of the relationships and names of the various groups that belong to this family of languages. Mention has been made of the numerous subgroups that comprise the Manobo group. The total national population including the subgroups is 749,042 (NM 1994); occupying core areas from Sarangani island into the Mindanao mainland in the provinces ofAgusan del Sur,Davao provinces,Bukidnon, andNorthandSouth Cotabato. The groups occupy such a wide area of distribution that localized groups have assumed the character of distinctiveness as a separate ethnic grouping such as the Bagobo or the Higaonon, and the Atta. Depending on specific linguistic points of view, the membership of a dialect with a supergroup shifts

A tentative but more specific classification that needs attention divides the Manobo into a number of major groups, some of which are: (1) Ata subgroup: Dugbatang, Talaingod, and Tagauanum; (2) Bagobo subgroup: Attaw (Jangan, Klata, Obo, Giangan, Guiangan), Eto (Ata), Kailawan (Kaylawan), Langilan, Manuvu/Obo, Matigsalug, (Matigsaug, Matig Salug), Tagaluro, and Tigdapaya; (3) Higaonon subgroup: Agusan, Lanao, and Misamis; (4) North Cotabato: Ilianen, Livunganen, and Pulenyan; (5) South Cotabato: Cotabato (with subgroup Tasaday and Blit), Sarangani, Tagabawa; (6) Western Bukidnon: Kiriyeteka, Ilentungen, and Pulangiyen; (7) Agusan del Sur; (8) Banwaon; (9) Bukidnon; and others. The various subgroupings are not sufficiently defined at present. Manobo peopleFrom WikiPilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia (Redirected from Manobo) Jump to: navigation, search The Manobo are probably the most numerous of the ethnic groups of the Philippines in terms of the relationships and names of the various groups that belong to this family of languages. Mention has been made of the numerous subgroups that comprise the Manobo group. The total national population including the subgroups is 749,042 (NM 1994); occupying core areas from Sarangani island into the Mindanao mainland in the provinces of Agusan del Sur, Davao provinces, Bukidnon, and North and South Cotabato. The groups occupy such a wide area of distribution that localized groups have assumed the character of distinctiveness as a separate ethnic grouping such as the Bagobo or the Higaonon, and the Atta. Depending on specific linguistic points of view, the membership of a dialect with a supergroup shifts.

LUMADTheLumadis a group of indigenous people of the southernPhilippines. It is aCebuanoterm meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short forKatawhang Lumad(literally "indigenous peoples"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog,Kidapawan,Cotabato, Philippines. It is the self-ascription and collective identity of the indigenous peoples ofMindanao.